Ecological Influences on School Achievement in a Diverse Youth Sample: The Mediating Role of Substance Use

REFERENCES

• Ackard , D. M. , Neumark-Sztainer , D. , Story , M. and Perry , C. 2006 . Parent-child connectedness and behavioral and emotional health among adolescents. . American Journal of Preventive Medicine , 30 : 59 – 66 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albertini , V. L. 2004 . Racial mistrust among immigrant minority students. . Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal , 21 : 311 – 331 .
   Google Scholar
• Arbuckle , J. and Worhke , W. 2005 . AMOS 6.0 [Computer software] Chicago : Smallwaters .
   Google Scholar
• Aquilino , W. S. and Supple , A. J. 2001 . Long-term effects of parenting practices during adolescence on well-being outcomes in young adulthood. . Journal of Family Issues , 22 : 289 – 306 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asbridge , M. , Tanner , J. and Wortley , S. 2005 . Ethno-specific patterns of adolescent tobacco use and the mediating role of acculturation, peer smoking, and sibling smoking. . Addiction , 100 : 1340 – 1351 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron , R. M. and Kenny , D. A. 1986 . The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 51 : 1173 – 1182 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bearman , P. S. , Jones , J. and Udry , J. R. 1998 . The national longitudinal study of adolescent health: Research design Retrieved January 15, 1999, from http://www.cpc.unc.edu/projects/addhealth/design.html
   Google Scholar
• Bhattacharya , G. 2000 . The school adjustment of South Asian immigrant children in the United States. . Adolescence , 35 ( 137 ) : 77 – 85 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogart , L. M. , Collins , R. L. , Ellickson , P. L. and Klein , D. J. 2007 . Are adolescent substance users less satisfied with life as young adults and if so, why? . Social Indicators Research , 81 : 149 – 169 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bollen , K. 1989 . Structural equations with latent variables. New York : Wiley. .
   Google Scholar
• Bond , L. , Butler , H. , Thomas , L. , Carlin , J. , Glover , S. Bowes , G. 2007 . Social and school connectedness in early secondary school as predictors of late teenage substance use, mental health, and academic outcomes. . Journal of Adolescent Health , 40 : e9 – e18 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bray , J. W. , Zarkin , G. A. , Ringwalt , C. and Qi , J. 2000 . The relationship between marijuana initiation and dropping out of high school. . Health Economics , 9 : 9 – 18 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Browne , M. W. and Cudeck , R. 1993 . “ Alternative ways of assessing model fit. ” . In Testing structural equation models Edited by: Bollen , K. A. and Long , J. S. 136 – 162 . Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Bryant , A. L. and Zimmerman , M. A. 2002 . Examining the effects of academic beliefs and behaviors on changes in substance use among urban adolescents. . Journal of Educational Psychology , 94 : 621 – 637 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryant , A. L. , Schulenberg , J. E. , O'Malley , P. M. , Bachman , J. G. and Johnston , L. D. 2003 . How academic achievement, attitudes, and behaviors relate to the course of substance use during adolescence: A 6-year, multiwave national longitudinal study. . Journal of Research on Adolescence , 13 : 361 – 397 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cleaveland , H. H. and Wiebe , R. P. 2003 . The moderation of adolescent-to-peer similarity in tobacco and alcohol use by school levels of substance use. . Child Development , 74 : 279 – 291 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D'Amico , E. J. and McCarthy , D. M. 2006 . Escalation and initiation of younger adolescents' substance use: The impact of perceived peer use. . Journal of Adolescent Health , 39 : 481 – 487 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dishion , T. J. and Owen , L. D. 2002 . A longitudinal analysis of friendships and substance use: Bidirectional influence from adolescence to adulthood. . Developmental Psychology , 38 : 480 – 491 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engberg , J. and Morral , A. R. 2006 . Reducing substance use improves adolescents' school attendance. . Addiction , 101 : 1741 – 1751 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fergusson , D. M. , Horwood , L. J. and Beautrais , A. L. 2003 . Cannabis and educational achievement. . Addiction , 98 : 1681 – 1692 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffin , K. W. , Botvin , G. J. , Scheier , L. M. , Diaz , T. and Miller , N. L. 2000 . Parenting practices as predictors of substance use, delinquency, and aggression among urban minority youth: Moderating effects of family structure and gender. . Psychology and Addictive Behaviors , 14 : 174 – 184 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffin , K. W. , Botvin , G. J. , Scheier , L. M. , Doyle , M. M. and Williams , C. 2003 . Common predictors of cigarette smoking, alcohol use, aggression, and delinquency among inner-city minority youth. . Addictive Behaviors , 28 : 1141 – 1148 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henderson , C. E. , Dakof , G. A. , Schwartz , S. J. and Liddle , H. A. 2006 . Family functioning, self-concept, and severity of adolescent externalizing problems. . Journal of Child and Family Studies , 15 : 721 – 731 .
   Google Scholar
• Holmbeck , G. N. 2002 . Post-hoc probing of significant moderational and meditational effects in studies of pediatric populations. . Journal of Pediatric Psychology , 27 : 87 – 96 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu , L. and Bentler , P. M. 1995 . “ Evaluating model fit. ” . In Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications Edited by: Hoyle , R. H. 76 – 99 . Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Kaplow , J. B. , Curran , P. J. , Dodge , K. A. and The Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group . 2002 . Child, parent, and peer predictors of early-onset substance use: A multisite longitudinal study. . Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , 30 : 199 – 216 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khoury , E. L. , Warheit , G. J. , Zimmerman , R. S. , Vega , W. A. and Gil , A. G. 1996 . Gender and ethnic differences in the prevalence of alcohol, cigarette, and illicit drug use over time in a cohort of young Hispanic adolescents in South Florida. . Women & Health , 24 : 21 – 40 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim , I. J. , Zane , N. W. S. and Hong , S. 2002 . Protective factors against substance use among Asian American youth: A test of the peer cluster theory. . Journal of Community Psychology , 30 : 565 – 584 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuntsche , E. N. and Silbereisen , R. K. 2004 . Parental closeness and adolescent substance use in single and two-parent families in Switzerland. . Swiss Journal of Psychology , 63 ( 2 ) : 85 – 92 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynskey , M. T. , Coffey , C. , Degenhardt , L. , Carlin , J. B. and Patton , G. 2003 . A longitudinal study of the effects of adolescent cannabis use on high school completion. . Addiction , 98 : 685 – 692 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , D. B. 1999 . Racial socialization and racial identity: Can they promote resiliency for African American adolescents? . Adolescence , 34 : 493 – 512 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mounts , N. S. and Steinberg , L. 1995 . An ecological analysis of peer influence on adolescent grade point average and drug use. . Developmental Psychology , 31 : 915 – 922 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Center for Educational Statistics. 2007, June . Dropout rates in the United States: , 2005 (NCES 2007–059). Retrieved June 20, 2007, from http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2007/2007059.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Petraitis , J. , Flay , B. R. and Miller , T. Q. 1995 . Reviewing theories of adolescent substance use: Organizing pieces in the puzzle. . Psychological Bulletin , 117 : 67 – 86 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pilgrim , C. C. , Schulenberg , J. E. , O'Malley , P. M. , Bachman , J. G. and Johnston , L. D. 2006 . Mediators and moderators of parental involvement on substance use: A national study of adolescents. . Prevention Science , 7 : 75 – 89 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preacher , K. J. and Leonardelli , G. J. 2001 . Calculation for the Sobel test: An interactive calculation tool for mediation tests [Computer software]. Retrieved June 20, 2007, from http://www.unc.edu/~preacher/sobel/sobel.htm
   Google Scholar
• Prinstein , M. J. and La Greca , A. M. 2004 . Childhood peer rejection and aggression as predictors of adolescent girls' externalizing and health risk behaviors: A 6-year longitudinal study. . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 72 : 103 – 112 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor , R. D. , Casten , R. , Flickinger , S. M. , Roberts , D. and Fulmore , C. D. 1994 . Explaining the school performance of African-American adolescents. . Journal of Research on Adolescence , 4 : 21 – 44 .
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Census Bureau. 1998 . Educational attainment in the United States: March 1998 Washington, DC : Author .
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2006 . Household data, annual averages: 7. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity Retrieved June 20, 2007, from http://www.gov/cps/cpssat7.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Urberg , K. A. , Luo , Q. , Pilgrim , C. and Degirmencioglu , S. M. 2003 . A two-stage model of peer influence in adolescent substance use: Individual and relationship-specific differences in susceptibility to influence. . Addictive Behaviors , 28 : 1243 – 1256 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verkuyten , M. and Thijs , J. 2004 . Psychological disidentification with the academic domain among ethnic minority adolescents in the Netherlands. . British Journal of Educational Psychology , 74 : 109 – 125 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , M. Q. , Matthew , R. F. , Bellamy , N. and James , S. 2005 . A structural model of the substance use pathways among minority youth. . American Journal of Health Behavior , 29 : 531 – 541 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitelock , J. L. 2006 . Youth perceptions of life at school: Contextual correlates of school connectedness in adolescence. . Applied Developmental Science , 10 : 13 – 29 .
   Google Scholar
• Wills , T. A. , Resko , J. A. , Ainette , M. G. and Mendoza , D. 2004 . Role of parent support and peer support in adolescent substance use: A test of mediated effects. . Psychology of Addictive Behaviors , 18 : 122 – 134 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar