“You’re not alone”: the use of peer support groups for fraud victims

References

• ActionFraud. (2017). Dating fraud victims report once every three hours. Retrieved from http://www.actionfraud.police.uk/news/dating-fraud-victims-report-once-every-three-hours-feb17.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson-Butcher, D., Oliver Khairallah, A., & Race-Bigelow, J. (2004). Mutual support groups for long-term recipients of TANF. Social Work, 49(1), 131–140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). (2008). Personal fraud, 2007. Canberra: ABS. Retrieved from: http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/ausstats/subscriber.nsf/0/866E0EF22EFC4608CA2574740015D234/$File/45280_2007.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. (2018). Targeting scams: Report of the ACCC on scams activity 2016. Canberra, Australia: Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. Retrieved from http://www.accc.gov.au/publications/targeting-scams-report-on-scam-activity/targeting-scams-report-of-the-accc-on-scam-activity-2017
   Google Scholar
• Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. (2017). Targeting scams: Report of the ACCC on scam activity 2016. Retrieved from: https://www.accc.gov.au/publications/targeting-scams-report-on-scam-activity/targeting-scams-report-of-the-accc-on-scam-activity–2016
   Google Scholar
• Beavan, V., de Jager, A., & Dos Santos, B. (2017). Do peer-support groups for voice-hearers work? A small scale study of hearing voices network support groups in Australia. Psychosis: Psychological, Social and Integrative Approaches, 9(1), 57–66. doi:10.1080/17522439.2016.1216583
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brenhoff, A. (2017). How a billion-dollar internet scam is breaking hearts and bank accounts. Huffington Post. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com.au/entry/romance-scams-online-fbi-facebook_us_59414c67e4b0d318548666f9
   Google Scholar
• Button, M., & Cross, C. (2017). Cyber frauds, scams and their victims. London, UK: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Button, M., Lewis, C., & Tapley, J. (2009). A better deal for victims. London, UK: National Fraud Authority.
   Google Scholar
• Button, M., McNaugton Nicolls, C., Kerr, J., & Owen, R. (2014). Online frauds: Learning from victims why they fall for these scams. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 47(3), 391–408. doi:10.1177/0004865814521224
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlson, R., Lammert, C., & O’Leary, J. (2012). The evolution of group and online support for families who have experienced perinatal or neonatal loss. Illness, Crisis and Loss, 20(3), 275–293. doi:10.2190/IL.20.3.e
   Google Scholar
• Copes, H., Kerley, K., Mason, K., & van Wyk, J. (2001). Reporting behaviour of fraud victims and Black’s theory of law: An empirical assessment. Justice Quarterly, 18(2), 343–363. doi:10.1080/07418820100094931
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cross, C. (2013). “Nobody’s holding a gun to your head…” examining current discourses surrounding victims of online fraud. In K. Richards & J. Tauri (Eds.), Crime, justice and social democracy: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference (pp. 25–32). Brisbane, QLD: Crime and Justice Research Centre, QUT.
   Google Scholar
• Cross, C. (2015). No laughing matter: Blaming the victim of online fraud. International Review Of Victimology, 21(2), 187–204.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cross, C. (2016). ‘They’re very lonely’: Understanding the fraud victimisation of seniors. International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy, 5(4), 60–75. doi:10.5204/ijcjsd.v5i4.268.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cross, C. (2018). Denying victim status to online fraud victims: The challenges of being a “non-ideal victim”. In M. Duggan (Ed.), Revisiting the ideal victim concept (pp. 243–262). London: Policy Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cross, C., Dragiewicz, M., & Richards, K. (2018). Understanding romance fraud: Insights from domestic violence research. British Journal of Criminology, 58(6), 1303–1322. doi:10.1093/bjc/azy005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cross, C., & Kelly, M. (2016). The problem of ‘white noise’: examining current prevention approaches to online fraud. Journal of Financial Crime 23(4), 806–828. doi:10.1108/JFC-12-2015-0069
   Google Scholar
• Cross, C., Richards, K., & Smith, R. (2016a). Improving the response to online fraud victims: An examination of reporting and support. Canberra, Australia: Australian Institute of Criminology.
   Google Scholar
• Cross, C., Richards, K., & Smith, R. G. (2016b). The reporting experiences and support needs of victims of online fraud. Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, 518, 1–14.
   Google Scholar
• Cross, C., Smith, R., & Richards, K. (2014). Challenges of responding to online fraud victimisation in Australia. Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, 474, 1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Deem, D. (2000). Notes from the field: Observations in working with the forgotten victims of personal financial crimes. Journal of Elder Abuse and Neglect, 12(2), 33–48. doi:10.1300/J084v12n02_05
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dennis, C. L. (2003). Peer support within a health care context: A concept analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 40, 321–332.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganzini, L., McFarland, B., & Bloom, J. (1990). Victims of fraud: Comparing victims of white collar crime and violent crime. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and Law, 18(1), 55–63.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gold, K., Normandin, M., & Boggs, M. (2016). Are participants in face-to-face and internet support groups the same? Comparison of demographics and depression levels among women bereaved by stillbirth. Arch Women’s Mental Health, 19, 1073–1078. doi:10.1007/s00737-016-0657-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grabosky, P., & Smith, R. G. (1998). Crime in the digital age: Controlling telecommunications and cyberspace illegalities. Sydney, Australia: The Federation Press.
   Google Scholar
• Green, D., Choi, J., & Kane, M. (2010). Coping strategies for victims of crime: Effects of the use of emotion-focused, problem-focused, and avoidance-oriented coping. Journal of Human Behaviour in the Social Environment, 20(6), 732–743. doi:10.1080/10911351003749128
   Google Scholar
• Ho, A. P. Y. (2007). A peer counselling program for the elderly with depression living in the community. Aging and Mental Health, 11(1), 69–74. doi:10.1080/13607860600735861
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leibert, T., Archer, J., Munson, J., & York, G. (2006). An exploratory study of client perceptions of internet counselling and the therapeutic alliance. Journal of Mental Health Counselling, 28(1), 69–83. doi:10.17744/mehc.28.1.f0h37djrw89nv6vb
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, P., Kineberg, E., Towns, S., Moore, K., & Steinbeck, K. (2016). The effects of introducing peer support to young people with a chronic illness. Journal of Children and Family Studies, 21, 2541–2553. doi:10.1007/s10826-016-0427-4
   Google Scholar
• Loumpa, V. (2012). Promoting recovery through peer support: Possibilities for social work practice. Social Work in Healthcare, 51(1), 53–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowe, M., Willan, R., Brooks, M., Robinson, P., Graham-Kevan, N., Stokes, R., … Bryce, J. (2016). Predictors of engagement with support services in a sample of UK victims of violent crime. British Journal of Community Justice, 13(3), 21–34.
   Google Scholar
• Marsh, I. (2004). Criminal justice: An introduction to philosophies, theories and practice. London, UK: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Mead, S., Hilton, D., & Curtis, L. (2001). Peer support: A theoretical perspective. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 25(2), 134–141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendoza, N., Resko, S., Wohlert, B., & Baldwin, A. (2016). “We have to help each other heal”: The path to recovery and becoming a professional peer support. Journal of Human Behaviour in the Social Environment, 26(2), 137–148. doi:10.1080/10911359.2015.1052912
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• News, C. B. C. (2017). Flirting with fraud: Police take aim at romance scams. CBC. Retrieved from http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/romance-scam-fraud-prevention-month-winnipeg-1.4004692
   Google Scholar
• Parkman, T., Lloyd, C., & Splisbury, K. (2015). Self-help groups for alcohol dependency: A scoping review. Journal of Groups in Addiction and Recovery, 10(2), 102–124. doi:10.1080/1556035X.2015.1034824
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross, S., & Smith, R. G. 2011. Risk factors for advance fee fraud victimisation. Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice No. 420. Canberra, Australia: Australian Institute of Criminology
   Google Scholar
• Sanders, J. (2012). Use of mutual support to counteract the effects of socially constructed stigma: Gender and drug addiction. Journal of Groups in Addiction and Recovery, 7(2–4), 237–252. doi:10.1080/1556035X.2012.705705
   Google Scholar
• Setoyama, Y., Yamazaki, Y., & Nakayama, K. (2010). Comparing support to breast cancer patients from online communities and face-to-face support groups. Patient Education and Counseling, 85, 95–100. doi:10.1016/j.pec.2010.11.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sims, B., Yost, B., & Abbott, C. (2005). Use and non-use of victim services programs: Implications from a statewide survey of crime victims. Criminology and Public Policy, 4(2), 361–384. doi:10.1111/cpp.2005.4.issue-2
   Google Scholar
• Spalek, B. (1999). Exploring the impact of financial crime: A study looking into the effects of the Maxwell scandal upon Maxwell pensioners. International Review of Victimology, 6(3), 213–230. doi:10.1177/026975809900600304
   Google Scholar
• Tutty, L., Ogden, C., Wyllie, K., & Silverstone, A. (2017). “When I dealt with my issues, I was ready to give back”: Peer leader’s perspectives of support groups for women abused by intimate partners. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment and Trauma, 26(2), 155–174. doi:10.1080/10926771.2016.1241332
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Uden-Kraan, C., Drossaert, C., Taal, E., Smit, W., Benelot Moens, H., & Van de Laar, M. (2011). Determinants of engagement in face-t-face and online patient support groups. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 13(4), 106. doi:10.2196/jmir.1658
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Wyk, J., & Mason, K. (2001). Investigating vulnerability and reporting behavior for consumer fraud victimization: Opportunity as a social aspect for age. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 17(4), 328–345. doi:10.1177/1043986201017004003
   Google Scholar
• Vayshenker, B., Mulay, A., Gonzales, L., West, M., Brown, I., & Yanos, P. (2016). Participation in peer support services and outcomes related to recovery. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 39(3), 274–281. doi:10.1037/prj0000178
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitty, M. (2013). The scammers persuasive techniques model: Development of a stage model to explain the online dating romance scam. British Journal of Criminology, 53(4), 665–884. doi:10.1093/bjc/azt009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitty, M., & Buchanan, T. (2012). The psychology of the online dating romance scam. Leicester, UK: University of Leicester. Retrieved from https://www2.le.ac.uk/departments/media/people/monica-whitty/Whitty_romance_scam_report.pdf
   Google Scholar