“She didn’t want to…and I’d obviously insist”: Canadian University Men’s Normalization of their Sexual Violence Against Intimate Partners

References

• Abbey, A., BeShears, R., Clinton-Sherrod, A. M., & McAuslan, P. (2004). Similarities and differences in women’s sexual assault experiences based on tactics used by the perpetrator. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 28, 323–332. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2004.00149.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abbey, A., & Jacques-Tiura, A. J. (2011). Sexual assault perpetrators’ tactics: Associations with their personal characteristics and aspects of the incident. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 26, 2866–2889. doi:10.1177/0886260510390955
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams, P. J., Towns, A., & Gavey, N. (1995). Dominance and entitlement: The rhetoric men use to discuss their violence towards women. Discourse & Society, 6, 387–406. doi:10.1177/0957926595006003006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basile, K. C., Chen, J., Black, M. C., & Saltzman, L. E. (2007). Prevalence and characteristics of sexual violence victimization among U.S. adults, 2001–2003. Violence and Victims, 22, 437–448.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Black, M. C., Basile, K. C., Breiding, M. J., Smith, S. G., Walters, M. L., Merrick, M. T., … Stevens, M. R. (2011). The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS): 2010 summary report. Atlanta, GA: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
   Google Scholar
• Blagden, N., Winder, B., Gregson, M., & Thorne, K. (2014). Making sense of denial in sexual offenders: A qualitative phenomenological and repertory grid analysis. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 29, 1698–1731. doi:10.1177/0886260513511530
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burt, M. R. (1998). Rape myths. In M. Odem & J. Clay-Warner (Eds.), Confronting rape and sexual assault (pp. 129–144). Lanham, MD: Scholarly Resources.
   Google Scholar
• Collins, E., Brown, J., & Lennings, C. (2010). Qualitative review of community treatment with sex offenders: Perspective of the offender and the expert. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 17, 290–303. doi:10.1080/13218710903421282
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dworkin, S. L., & O’Sullivan, L. (2005). Actual versus desired initiation patterns among a sample of college men: Tapping disjunctures within traditional male sexual scripts. Journal of Sex Research, 42, 150–158. doi:10.1080/00224490509552268
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ewoldt, C., Monson, C. M., & Langhinrichsen-Rohling, J. (2000). Attributions about rape in a continuum of dissolving marital relationships. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 15, 1175–1174. doi:10.1177/088626000015011004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faulkner, G. E., Kolts, R. L., & Hicks, G. F. (2008). Sex role ideology, relationship context, and response to sexual coercion in college females. Sex Roles, 59, 139–150. doi:10.1007/s11199-008-9435-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gavey, N. (1989). Feminist poststructuralism and discourse analysis: Contributions to feminist psychology. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 13, 459–475. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1989.tb01014.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gavey, N. (2005). Just sex?: The cultural scaffolding of rape (Women and psychology). New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Gavey, N., McPhillips, K., & Doherty, M. (2001). “If it’s not on, it’s not on”—Or is it?: Discursive constraints on women’s condom use. Gender & Society, 15, 917–934. doi:10.1177/089124301015006008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gidycz, C. A., Warkentin, J. B., Orchowski, L. M., & Edwards, K. M. (2011). College men’s perceived likelihood to perpetrate sexual aggression. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 20, 260–279. doi:10.1080/10926771.2011.562480
   Google Scholar
• Harris, D. A. (2014). Desistance from sexual offending: Findings from 21 life history narratives. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 29, 1554–1578. doi:10.1177/0886260513511532
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hearn, J. (1998). The violences of men: How men talk about and how agencies respond to men's violence to women. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Hollway, J. (1989). Subjectivity and method in psychology: Gender, meaning and science. Beverly Hills, CA: SAGE.
   Google Scholar
• Hollway, W. (2005). Gender difference and the production of subjectivity. In J. Henriques, W. Hollway, C. Urwin, C. Venn, & V. Walkerdine (Eds.), Changing the subject: Psychology, social regulation, and subjectivity (pp. 223–261). New York, NY: Taylor & Francis e-Library.
   Google Scholar
• Jeffrey, N. K., & Barata, P. C. (2017). “He didn’t necessarily force himself upon me, but…”: Women’s lived experiences of sexual coercion in intimate relationships with men. Violence Against Women, 23, 911–933. doi:10.1177/1077801216652507
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly, L., & Westmarland, N. (2016). Naming and defining ‘domestic violence’: Lessons from research with violent men. Feminist Review, 112, 113–127. doi:10.1057/fr.2015.52
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitzinger, C., & Frith, H. (1999). Just say no? The use of conversation analysis in developing a feminist perspective on sexual refusal. Discourse & Society, 10, 293–316. doi:10.1177/0957926599010003002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolivas, E. D., & Gross, A. M. (2007). Assessing sexual aggression: Addressing the gap between rape victimization and perpetration prevalence rates. Aggression & Violent Behavior, 12, 315–328. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2006.10.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koss, M. P., Abbey, A., Campbell, R., Cook, S., Norris, J., Testa, M., … White, J. (2006). The Sexual Experiences Short Form Perpetration (SES-SFP). Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona.
   Google Scholar
• Koss, M. P., & Oros, C. J. (1982). Sexual experiences survey: A research instrument investigating sexual aggression and victimization. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 50, 455–457. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.50.3.455
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazar, R. (2010). Negotiating sex: The legal construct of consent in cases of wife rape in Ontario, Canada. Canadian Journal of Women and the Law, 22, 329–363. doi:10.3138/cjwl.22.2.329
   Google Scholar
• Lea, S., & Auburn, T. (2001). The social construction of rape in the talk of a convicted rapist. Feminism & Psychology, 11, 11–33. doi:10.1177/0959353501011001002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacKinnon, C. A. (1987). A feminist/political approach: “Pleasure under patriarchy”. In J. H. Greer & W. T. O’Donohue (Eds.), Theories of human sexuality (pp. 65–90). New York, NY: Plenum Press.
   Google Scholar
• Margolin, L., Moran, P. B., & Miller, M. (1989). Social approval for violations of sexual consent in marriage and dating. Violence and Victims, 4, 45–55.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McCormick, N. B. (2010). Preface to sexual scripts: Social and therapeutic implications. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 25, 91–95. doi:10.1080/14681990903563707
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Sullivan, L. F. (2005). Sexual coercion in dating relationships: Conceptual and methodological issues. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 20, 3–11. doi:10.1080/14681990500037246
   Google Scholar
• Raghavan, C., Cohen, S., & Tamborra, T. (2014). Development and preliminary validation of The Multidimensional Sexual Coercion Questionnaire (MSCQ). Journal of Sexual Aggression, 1–19. doi:10.1080/13552600.2014.917341
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salwen, J. K., & O’Leary, K. D. (2013). Adjustment problems and maladaptive relational style: A meditational model of sexual coercion in intimate relationships. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 28, 1969–1988. doi:10.1177/0886260512471079
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scully, D. (1990). Understanding sexual violence: A study of convicted rapists. Boston, MA: Unwin Hyman.
   Google Scholar
• Shotland, R. L., & Goodstein, L. (1992). Sexual precedence reduces the perceived legitimacy of sexual refusal: An examination of attributions concerning date rape and consensual sex. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18, 756–764. doi:10.1177/0146167292186012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strang, E., & Peterson, Z. D. (2013). The relationships among perceived peer acceptance of sexual aggression, punishment certainty, and sexually aggressive behavior. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 28, 3369–3385. doi:10.1177/0886260513502126
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strang, E., Peterson, Z. D., Hill, Y. N., & Heiman, J. R. (2013). Discrepant responding across self-report measures of men’s coercive and aggressive sexual strategies. Journal of Sex Research, 50, 458–469. doi:10.1080/00224499.2011.646393
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suarez, E., & Gadalla, T. M. (2010). Stop blaming the victim: A meta-analysis on rape myths. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 25, 2010–2035. doi:10.1177/0886260509354503
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamborra, T. L., Dutton, L. B., & Terry, K. J. (2014). Verbally coerced sex: Does she have to say ‘no’? International Review of Victimology, 20, 227–241. doi:10.1177/0269758014521740
   Google Scholar
• Weedon, C. (1997). Feminist practice & poststructuralist theory (2nd ed.). Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Wegner, R., Pierce, J., & Abbey, A. (2014). Relationship type and sexual precedence: Their associations with characteristics of sexual assault perpetrators and incidents. Violence Against Women, 20, 1360–1382. doi:10.1177/1077801214552856
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss, K. G. (2009). “Boys will be boys” and other gendered accounts: An exploration of victims’ excuses and justifications for unwanted sexual contact and coercion. Violence Against Women, 15, 810–834. doi:10.1177/1077801209333611
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar