Self Psychology, Risk Assessment of Individuals with Exhibitionistic Disorder and the Good Lives Model—More Than Meets the Eye

References

• Abel, G. G., Becker, J. V., Cunningham-Rather, J., Mittelman, M. S., & Rouleau, J. L. (1988). Multiple paraphilic diagnoses among sex offenders. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 16, 153–168.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Allen, D. W. (1980). A psychoanalytic view. In D. J. Cox & R. J. Daitzman (Eds.), Exhibitionism: Description, assessment and treatment (pp. 59–82). New York, NY: Garland.
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Andrews, D. A., Bonta, J., & Wormith, J. S. (2006). The recent past and near future of risk and/or need assessment. Crime & Delinquency, 52, 7−27. doi:10.1177/0011128705281756
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anechiarico, B. (1990). Understanding and treating sex offenders from a self-psychological perspective: The missing piece. Clinical Social Work, 18, 281–292. doi:10.1007/BF00755102
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bacal, H. A., & Carlton, L. (2010). Kohut’s last words on analytic cure and how we hear them now—A view from specificity theory. International Journal of Psychoanalytic Self Psychology, 5, 132–143. doi:10.1080/15551021003610059
   Google Scholar
• Banai, E., Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2005). “Selfobject” needs in Kohut’s self psychology: Links with attachment, self-cohesion, affect regulation, and adjustment. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 29, 224–260. doi:10.1037/0736-9735.22.2.224
   Google Scholar
• Barnao, M., Ward, T., & Robertson, P. (2016). The Good Lives Model: A new paradigm for forensic mental health. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 23, 288–301. doi:10.1080/13218719.2015.1054923
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blair, C. D., & Laynon, R. I. (1981). Exhibitionism: Etiology and treatment. Psychological Bulletin, 89, 439–463.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradford, J. M. W., Boulet, J., & Pawlak, A. (1992). The paraphilias: A multiplicity of deviant behaviors. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 37, 104–108. doi:10.1177/070674379203700206
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douglas, K. S., & Kropp, P. R. (2002). A prevention-based paradigm for violence risk assessment: Clinical and research applications. Criminal Justice & Behavior, 29, 617–658. doi:10.1177/009385402236735
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fenichel, O. (1946). The psychoanalytic theory of neurosis. London, UK: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Firestone, P., Kingston, D. A., Wexler, D. A., & Bradford, J. M. (2006). Long- term follow-up of exhibitionists: Psychological, phallometric, and offense characteristics. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and Law, 34, 349–359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freund, K., Seto, M. C., & Kuban, M. (1997). Frotteurism and the theory of courtship disorder. In D. R. Laws & W. T. O’Donohue (Eds.), Sexual deviance: Theory, assessment and treatment (pp. 111–130). New York, NY: Guilford.
   Google Scholar
• Freund, K., Watson, R., & Rienzo, D. (1988). The value of self-reports in the study of voyeurism and exhibitionism. Annals of Sex Research, 1, 243–262. doi:10.1007/BF00852800
   Google Scholar
• Gebhard, P., Gagnon, J., Pomeroy, W., & Christensen, C. (1965). Sex offenders: An analysis of types. New York, NY: Harper and Row.
   Google Scholar
• Grant, J. E. (2005). Clinical characteristics and psychiatric comorbidity in males with exhibitionism. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 66, 1367–1371.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hart, S. D. (1998). The role of psychopathy in assessing risk for violence: Conceptual and methodological issues. Legal & Criminological Psychology, 3, 121–137. doi:10.1111/lcrp.1998.3.issue-1
   Google Scholar
• Hart, S. D., Michie, C., & Cooke, D. J. (2007). Precision of actuarial risk assessment instruments. British Journal of Psychiatry, 190, s60–s65. doi:10.1192/bjp.190.5.s60
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill, J. K. (1995). Countertransference in conflict: One client or two? Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and Law, 23, 105–116.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kohut, H. (1959). Introspection, empathy and psychoanalysis : An examination of the relationship between modes of observation and theory. Journal Of American Psychoanalytic Association, 7, 459–483.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohut, H. (1968). The psychoanalytic treatment of narcissistic personality disorders: Outline of a systematic approach. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 23, 86–113.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kohut, H. (1971). The analysis of the self. New York, NY: International Universities Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kohut, H. (1977). The restoration of the self. New York, NY: International Universities Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kohut, H. (1981). On empathy. In P. Ornstein (Ed.), The search for the self: Selected writings of Heinz Kohut, 1978–1981 (Vol. 4, pp. 525–535). Madison, CT: International Universities Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kohut, H. (1982). Introspection, empathy, and the semi-circle of mental health. International Journal Of Psychoanalysis, 63, 395–407.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohut, H. (1984). How does analysis cure? Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kohut, H., & Wolf, E. S. (1978). The disorders of the self and their treatment: An outline. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 59, 413–425.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langstrom, N., & Seto, M. C. (2006). Exhibitionistic and voyeuristic behavior in a Swedish national population survey. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 35, 427–435. doi:10.1007/s10508-006-9042-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Longo, R., & McFadin, B. (1981). Sexually inappropriate behavior: Development of the sexual offender. Law and Order, 3, 21–23.
   Google Scholar
• Mann, R. E., & Shingler, J. (2001, November). Collaborative risk assessment with sexual offenders. Paper presented at the National Organisation for the Treatment of sexual abusers, San Antonio, TX.
   Google Scholar
• Marshall, W. L., & Barbaree, H. E. (1990). An integrated theory of the etiology of sexual offending. In W. L. Marshall, D. R. Laws, & H. E. Barbaree (Eds.), Handbook of sexual assault: Issues, theories, and treatment of the offender (pp. 257–275). New York, NY: Plenum.
   Google Scholar
• Marshall, W. L. (1997). The relationship between self-esteem and deviant sexual arousal in nonfamilial child molesters. Behavior Modification, 21, 86–96. doi:10.1177/01454455970211005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall, W. L., Champagne, F., Brown, C., & Miller, S. (1997). Empathy, intimacy, loneliness, and self-esteem in nonfamilial child molesters. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 6, 87–97. doi:10.1300/J070v06n03_06
   Google Scholar
• Marshall, W. L., & Christie, M. M. (1982). The enhancement of self-esteem. Canadian Counsellor, 16, 82–89.
   Google Scholar
• Marshall, W. L., Christie, M. M., Lanthier, R. D., & Cruchley, J. (1982). The nature of the reinforce in the enhancement of social self-esteem. Canadian Counsellor, 16, 90–96.
   Google Scholar
• Marshall, W. L, Cripps, E, Anderson, D, & Cortoni, F. A. (1999). Self-esteem and coping strategies in child molesters. Journal Of Interpersonal Violence, 14, 955–962.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall, W. L., Eccles, A., & Barbaree, H. E. (1991). The treatment of exhibitionists: A focus on sexual deviance versus cognitive and relationship features. Behavior Research and Therapy, 29, 129–135. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(91)90041-Z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall, W. L., & Marshall, L. E. (2000). The origins of sexual offending. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 1, 250–263. doi:10.1177/1524838000001003003
   Google Scholar
• Marshall, W. L., Ward, T., Mann, R. E., Moulden, H., Fernandez, Y. M., Serran, G., & Marshall, L. E. (2005). Working positively with sexual offenders: Maximizing the effectiveness of treatment. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 20, 1096–1114. doi:10.1177/0886260505278514
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNally, M. R., & Fremouw, W. J. (2014). Examining risk of escalation: A critical review of the exhibitionistic behavior literature. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 19, 474–485. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2014.07.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell, D., & Melikian, K. (1995). The treatment of male sexual offenders: Countertransference reactions. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 4, 87–93. doi:10.1300/J070v04n01_06
   Google Scholar
• Murphy, D. W., & Page, J. I. (2008). Exhibitionism: Psychopathology and theory. In D. R. Laws & W. T. O’Donohue (Eds.), Sexual deviance: Theory, assessment and treatment (Second ed., pp. 61–75). New York, NY: Guilford.
   Google Scholar
• Murphy, W. D. (1997). Exhibitionism: Psychopathology and theory. In R. D. Laws & W. O’Donohue (Eds.), Sexual deviance: Theory, assessment and treatment (pp. 22–39). New York, NY: Guilford.
   Google Scholar
• Murray, J., & Thomson, M. E. (2010). Clinical judgment in violence risk assessment. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 6, 128–149.
   Google Scholar
• Potik, D. (2014). Self psychology conceptualization of postpsychotic depression and recovery among paranoid schizophrenia patients. The Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 78, 70–86. doi:10.1521/bumc.2014.78.1.70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Purvis, M. (2010). Seeking a good life: Human goods and sexual offending. Germany: Lambert Academic Press. Retrieved from http://brochure.omniscriptum.com/info-lap/0537275001445433253
   Google Scholar
• Singh, J. P., & Fazel, S. (2010). Forensic risk assessment: A metareview. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 37, 965–988. doi:10.1177/0093854810374274
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Storr, A. (1964). Sexual deviance. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin Books.
   Google Scholar
• Sugarman, P., Dumughn, C., Saad, K., Hinder, S., & Bluglass, R. (1994). Dangerousness in exhibitionists. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry, 5, 287–296. doi:10.1080/09585189408412299
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swindell, S., Stroebel, S. S., O’Keefe, S. L., Beard, K. W., Robinett, S. R., & Kommor, M. J. (2011). Correlates of exhibition-like experiences in childhood and adolescence: A model for development of exhibitionism in heterosexual males. Sexual Addiction and Compulsivity, 18, 135–156. doi:10.1080/10720162.2011.593432
   Google Scholar
• Ward, T., & Gannon, T. (2006). Rehabilitation, etiology, and self-regulation: The Good Lives Model of rehabilitation for sexual offenders. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 11, 77−94. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2005.06.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward, T., Mann, R. E., & Gannon, T. A. (2007). The good lives model of offender rehabilitation: Clinical implications. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 12, 87−107.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward, T., & Siegert, R. J. (2002). Toward a comprehensive theory of child sexual abuse: A theory knitting perspective. Psychology, Crime and Law, 8, 319–351. doi:10.1080/10683160208401823
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wells, L. A., & Frank, J. B. (2012). Psychodynamic psychotherapy: From psychoanalytic arrogance to evidence-based modesty. In R. D. Alarcon & J. B. Frank (Eds.), The psychotherapy of hope: The legacy of persuasion and healing (pp. 190–214). Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Willis, G., Yates, P., Gannon, T., & Ward, T. (2013). How to integrate the Good Lives Model into treatment programs for sexual offending: An introduction and overview. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 25, 123–142. doi:10.1177/1079063212452618
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woldgabreal, Y., Day, A., & Ward, T. (2016). Linking positive psychology to offender supervision outcomes: The mediating role of psychological flexibility, general self-efficacy, optimism, and hope. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 43, 697–721. doi:10.1177/0093854815620816
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar