References
- Andrews, G., & Harris, M. (1964). The syndrome of stuttering. Heinemann.
- Andrews, G., Hoddinott, S., Craig, A., Howie, P., Feyer, A.-M., & Neilson, M. (1983). Stuttering: A review of research findings and theories ca. 1982. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 48(3), 226–246. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1044/jshd.4803.226
- Beaver, K. M. (2016). Biosocial criminology: A primer (3rd ed.). Kendall/Hunt.
- Beaver, K. M., Boutwell, B. B., Barnes, J. C., Vaughn, M. G., & DeLisi, M. (2017). The association between psychopathic personality traits and criminal justice outcomes: Results from a nationally representative sample of males and females. Crime and Delinquency, 63(6), 708–730. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128715573617
- Blair, R. J. R. (2003). Neurobiological basis of psychopathy. British Journal of Psychiatry, 182(1), 5–7. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.182.1.5
- Boccio, C. M., & Beaver, K. M. (2018). Psychopathic personality traits and the successful criminal. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 62(15), 4834–4853. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X18787304
- Braun, A. R., Varga, M., Stager, S., Schulz, G., Selbie, S., Maisog, J. M., Carson, R. E., & Ludlow, C. L. (1997). Altered patterns of cerebral activity during speech and language production in developmental stuttering. An H2(15)O positron emission tomography study. Brain, 120(5), 761–784. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/120.5.761
- Büchel, C., & Sommer, M. (2017). What causes stuttering? PLoS Biology, 2(2), e46. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020046
- Crichton-Smith, I. (2002). Communicating in the real word: Accounts from people who stammer. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 27(4), 333–352. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0094-730X(02)00161-4
- Davis, S., Howell, P., & Cooke, F. (2002). Sociodynamic relationships between children who stutter and their non-stuttering classmates. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 43(7), 939–947. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00093
- Drayna, D., & Kang, C. (2011). Genetic approaches to understanding the causes of stuttering. Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 3(4), 374–380. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11689-011-9090-7
- Dworzynski, K., Remington, A., Rijsdijk, F., Howell, P., & Plomin, R. (2007). Genetic etiology in cases of recovered and persistent stuttering in an unselected, longitudinal sample of young twins. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 16(2), 169–178. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2007/021)
- Ellis, L., Beaver, K. M., & Wright, J. P. (2009). Handbook of crime correlates. Academic Press.
- Farrington, D. P. (1986). Age and crime. In M. Tonry & N. Morris (Eds.), Crime and justice: A review of research (Vol. 7, pp. 189–250). University of Chicago Press.
- Felsenfeld, S., Kirk, K. M., Zhu, G., Statham, D. J., Neale, M. C., & Martin, N. G. (2000). A study of the genetic and environmental etiology of stuttering in a selected twin sample. Behavior Genetics, 30(5), 359–366. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1002765620208
- Foundas, A. L., Bollich, A. M., Corey, D. M., Hurley, M., & Heilman, K. M. (2001). Anomalous anatomy of speech-language areas in adults with persistent developmental stuttering. Neurology, 57(2), 207–215. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.57.2.207
- Harris, K. M., Florey, F., Tabor, J., Bearman, P. S., Jones, J., & Udry, R. J. (2003). The national longitudinal study of adolescent health: Research design [www document]. Retrieved from http://www.cpc.unc.edu/projects/addhealth/design
- Jackson, D. B., & Beaver, K. M. (2016). The association between breastfeeding exposure and duration, neuropsychological deficits, and psychopathic personality traits in offspring: The moderating role of 5HTTLPR. Psychiatric Quarterly, 87(1), 107–127. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-015-9366-2
- Kang, C., Riazuddin, S., Mundorff, J., Krasenwich, D., Friedman, P., Mullikin, J. C., & Drayna, D. (2010). Mutations in the lysosomal enzyme-targeting pathway and persistent stuttering. The New England Journal of Medicine, 362(8), 677–685. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0902630
- Kraaimaat, F. W., Vanryckeghem, M., & Van Dam-Baggen, R. (2002). Stuttering and social anxiety. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 27(4), 319–331. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0094-730X(02)00160-2
- Maguire, G. A., Riley, G. D., Franklin, D. L., & Gottschalk, L. A. (2000). Risperidone for the treatment of stuttering. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 20(4), 479–482. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1097/00004714-200008000-00013
- Manning, W. (1996). Clinical decision making in the diagnosis and treatment of fluency disorders. Delmar.
- McAllister, J., Collier, J., & Shepstone, L. (2012). The impact of adolescent stuttering on educational and employment outcomes: Evidence from a birth cohort study. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 37(2), 106–121. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2012.01.002
- Meldrum, R. C., Trucco, E. M., Cope, L. M., Zucker, R. A., & Heitzeg, M. M. (2018). Brain activity, low self-control, and delinquency: An fMRI study of at-risk adolescents. Journal of Criminal Justice, 56(May-June), 107–117. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2017.07.007
- O’Brian, S., Jones, M., Packman, A., Menzies, R., & Onslow, M. (2011). Stuttering severity and educational attainment. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 36(2), 86–92. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2011.02.006
- Paden, E. P., Yairi, E., & Ambrose, N. G. (1999). Early childhood stuttering II: Initial status of phonological abilities. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 42(5), 1113–1124.
- Raine, A. (1993). The psychopathology of crime: Criminal behavior as a clinical disorder. Academic Press.
- Raine, A., Buchsbaum, M., & Lacasse, L. (1997). Brain abnormalities in murderers indicated by positron emission tomography. Biological Psychiatry, 42(6), 495–508.
- Riaz, N., Steinberg, S., Ahmad, J., Pluzhnikov, A., Riazuddin, S., Cox, J. J., & Drayna, D. (2005). Genomewide significant linkage to stuttering on chromosome 12. American Journal of Human Genetics, 76(4), 647–651. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1086/429226
- Rowe, D. C. (2002). Biology and crime. Roxbury.
- Shahed, J., & Jankovic, J. (2001). Re-emergence of childhood stuttering in Parkinson’s disease: A hypothesis. Movement Disorders, 16(1), 114–118. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/1531-8257(200101)16:1<114::AID-MDS1004>3.0.CO;2-2
- Thornberry, T. P., & Krohn, M. D. (2000). The self-report method for measuring delinquency and crime. In Measurement and analysis of crime and justice (pp. 33–83). National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice.
- Udry, J. R. (2003). The national longitudinal study of adolescent health (Add Health), waves I and II, 1994–1996, wave III, 2001–2002 [machine-readable data file and documentation]. Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
- Van Riper, C. (1982). The nature of stuttering. Prentice-Hall.
- Wittke-Thompson, J. K., Ambrose, N., Yairi, E., Roe, C., Cook, E. H., Ober, C., & Cox, N. J. (2007). Genetic studies of stuttering in a founder population. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 32(1), 33–50. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2006.12.002
- Wright, J. P., Tibbetts, S. G., & Daigle, L. E. (2015). Criminals in the making: Criminality across the life course (2nd ed.). Sage.
- Yairi, E., & Ambrose, N. G. (1999). Early childhood stuttering I: Persistency and recovery rates. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 42(5), 1097–1112. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4205.1097