References
- Ahmed, S. M. (2005). Intimate partner violence against women: Experiences from a woman-focused development programme in Matlab, Bangladesh. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 23(1), 95–101.
- Angelucci, M., & Heath, R. (2020). Women empowerment programs and intimate partner violence. AEA Papers & Proceedings, 110, 610–614. https://doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20201047
- Arango, D. J., & Rubiano-Matulevich, E. (2019). Intimate partner violence in Latin America and the Caribbean needs urgent attention. https://blogs.worldbank.org/es/latinamerica/la-violencia-de-la-pareja-en-america-latina-y-el-caribe-requiere-atencion-urgente
- Batliwala, S. (1993). Empowerment of women in South Asia: Concepts and practices. In Asian-South Pacific Bureau of Adult Education; FAO’s Freedom from Hunger Campaign - Action for Development (pp. 88).
- Batliwala, S. (1994). The meaning of Women’s empowerment: New concepts from action | eldis. Population Policies Reconsidered: Health, Empowerment and Rights, 17. https://www.eldis.org/document/A53502
- Brownmiller, S. (2005). Against Our Will: Men, Women and Rape (1975). https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2004-20005-001
- Bucheli, M., & Rossi, M. (2019). Attitudes toward intimate partner violence against Women in Latin America and the Caribbean. SAGE Open, 9(3), 215824401987106. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019871061
- Calvès, A.-E. (2009). « empowerment »: Généalogie d’un concept clé du discours contemporain sur le développement. Revue Tiers Monde, 200(4), 735–749. https://doi.org/10.3917/rtm.200.0735
- Casique, I. (2010). Factores de empoderamiento y protección de las mujeres contra la violencia / Factors of Women’s Empowerment and Protection from Violence. Revista Mexicana de Sociología, 72(1), 37–71. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25677031
- Dobash, R., & Dobash, R. E. (1979). Violence against wives: A case against the patriarchy.
- Echeburúa, E., & de Corral, P. (2006). Secuelas emocionales en víctimas de abuso sexual en la infancia. Cuadernos de Medicina Forense, 43–44(43–44), 75–82. https://doi.org/10.4321/S1135-76062006000100006
- Eggers Del Campo, I., & Steinert, J. I. (2022). The effect of female economic empowerment interventions on the risk of intimate partner violence: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Trauma, Violence, and Abuse, 23(3), 810–826. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838020976088
- Ehrensaft, M. K., & Langhinrichsen-Rohling, J. (2022). Intergenerational transmission of intimate partner violence: Summary and Current research on processes of transmission. Handbook of Interpersonal Violence and Abuse Across the Lifespan, 2485–2509. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89999-2_152
- FGE. (2021). Ecuador: Las Cifras del Femicidio. https://www.fiscalia.gob.ec/estadisticas-fge/
- Freiré, P. (1973). Pedagogy of the Oppressed. Bloomsbury publishing. https://books.google.es/bookshl=es&lr=&id=OrVLDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR3&dq=The+Pedagogy+of+the+Oppressed&ots=JBjId72L0W&sig=FDKqyRFSxebnHG57wWxXZcV6sOk#v=onepage&q=ThePedagogyoftheOppressed&f=false
- Gamba, S. (2008). Feminismo: historia y corrientes. Diccionario de Estudios de Género y Feminismos, 3, 1–8. https://do i.org/http://www.mujeresenred.net/spip.php?article1397
- García, B. (2003). Empoderamiento y autonomía de las mujeres en la investigación sociodemográfica actual. Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos, 18(2), 221–253. https://doi.org/10.24201/edu.v18i2.1162
- García, B., & de Oliviera, O. (2000). La dinámica familiar en la Ciudad de México y Monterrey. https://biblio.flacsoandes.edu.ec/catalog/resGet.php?resId=21181
- Gram, L., Morrison, J., & Skordis-Worrall, J. (2019). Organising concepts of ‘Women’s empowerment’ for measurement: A typology. Social Indicators Research, 143(3), 1349–1376. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-018-2012-2
- Gujarati, D., & Porter, D. (2011). In P. A. AMGH (Ed.), Econometría Básica. McGraw Hill.
- Hashemi, S. M., Schuler, S. R., & Riley, A. P. (1996). Rural credit programs and women’s empowerment in Bangladesh. World Development, 24(4), 635–653. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750X(95)00159-A
- Heise, L. L. (1998). Violence against women: An integrated, ecological framework. Violence Against Woman, 4(3), 262–290. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801298004003002
- Heise, L., Ellsberg, M., & Gottmoeller, M. (2002). A global overview of gender-based violence. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 78(S1), S5–S14. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7292(02)00038-3
- Hidalgo, N., Aguirre, C., Luna, I. M., Suasnavas, A., & Albán, A. (2018). Encuesta nacional sobre relaciones familiares y violencia de género contra las mujeres (envigmu) metodología. https://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/documentos/web-inec/Estadisticas_Sociales/Violencia_de_genero_2019/Principales%20resultados%20ENVIGMU%202019.pdf
- Hindin, M. J. (2000). Women’s autonomy, women’s status and fertility-related behavior in Zimbabwe. Population Research and Policy Review, 19(3), 255–282. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026590717779
- INEC. (2011). Encuesta Nacional de Relaciones Familiares y Violencia de Género Contra las Mujeres. https://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec//documentos/web-inec/Estadisticas_Sociales/sitio_violencia/presentacion.pdf
- INEC. (2019). Encuesta Nacional Sobre Relaciones Familiares Y Violencia De Género Contra Las Mujeres (Envigmu) Boletín. https://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/documentos/web-inec/Estadisticas_Sociales/Violencia_de_genero_2019/Boletin_Tecnico_ENVIGMU.pdf
- INEC, N. I. of S. and C. (2019). Encuesta Nacional sobre Relaciones Familiares y Violencia de Género contra las Mujeres-ENVIGMU.
- Kabeer, N. (1998). Money Can’t Buy Me Love? Re-Evaluating Gender, Credit and Empowerment in Rural Bangladesh. Institute of Development Studies. https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/20.500.12413/13879
- Kabeer, N. (1999). Resources, agency, achievements: Reflections on the measurement of women’s empowerment. Development and Change, 30(3), 435–464. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-7660.00125
- Kalmuss, D. S., & Straus, M. A. (1982). Wife’s marital dependency and wife abuse. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 44(2), 277. https://doi.org/10.2307/351538
- Kilburn, K. N., Pettifor, A., Edwards, J. K., Selin, A., Twine, R., MacPhail, C., Wagner, R., Hughes, J. P., Wang, J., & Kahn, K. (2018). Conditional cash transfers and the reduction in partner violence for young women: An investigation of causal pathways using evidence from a randomized experiment in South Africa (HPTN 068). Journal of the International AIDS Society, 21(S1), e25043. https://doi.org/10.1002/JIA2.25043
- Koenig, M., Ahmed, S., & Haaga, J. (1999). Individual and Community-Level Determinants of Domestic Violence in Rural Bangladesh. https://dspace-prod.mse.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/969
- Levinson, D. (1989). Family Violence in Cross-Cultural Perspective. SAGE Publications Inc. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1989-97364-000
- Ley No 175 Ley Orgánica Integral para Prevenir y Erradicar la Violencia Contra las Mujeres. (2018). https://www.igualdad.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2018/05/ley_prevenir_y_erradicar_violencia_mujeres.pdf
- Malhotra, A., & Schuler, S. R. (2002). Measuring Women’s empowerment as a variable in international development.
- Medea, A., & Thompson, K. (1974). Against Rape. https://books.google.com.ec/books/about/Against_Rape.html?id=N_oDAQAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y
- Moreira Cedeño, G. E., Salazar Ponce, E., & Loor Moreira, B. V. (2020). Políticas públicas en el ecuador: ¿tienen un impacto real en la violencia de género? UNESUM-Ciencias: Revista Científica Multidisciplinaria, ISSN 2602-8166 4(4), 93–104. https://doi.org/10.47230/UNESUM-CIENCIAS.V4.N4.2020.336
- Moreno, A. (2007). La primera infancia y la adolescencia (Vol. 8). UOC. http://openaccess.uoc.edu/webapps/o2/bitstream/10609/110987/7/LaadolescenciaCAST.pdf
- Mundosur. (2022). Mapa Latinoamericano de Feminicidios 2.0 | Tableau Public. https://public.tableau.com/app/profile/mundosur/viz/MapaLatinoamericanodeFeminicidios2_0_16560990451280/Dashboard1
- O’neil, T., Domingo, P., & Valters, C. (2014). Progress on women’s Empowerment from Technical Fixes to Political Action. https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/9282.pdf
- Peterman, A., Bleck, J., & Palermo, T. (2015). Age and intimate partner violence: An analysis of global trends among women experiencing victimization in 30 developing countries. Journal of Adolescent Health, 57(6), 624–630. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JADOHEALTH.2015.08.008
- Pinto, W. A. (2003). Historia del feminismo. Revista de La Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, (225), 30–45. https://www.revistauniversitaria.uady.mx/pdf/225/ru2254.pdf
- Rahman, M., Hoque, M. A., & Makinoda, S. (2011). Intimate partner violence against women: Is women empowerment a reducing factor? A study from a national Bangladeshi sample. Journal of Family Violence, 26(5), 411–420. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10896-011-9375-3
- Rennison, C. M. (2001). Intimate partner violence and Age of Victim, 1993-99. http://policeprostitutionandpolitics.com/pdfs_all/GOVERNMENTREPORTSUSJusticeDeptstatsSEEALSOTRAFFICKINGALL/RapeandSexualAbuseAdultsIncludingRapesinPrison/intimatepartnerviolencethrough1999.pdf
- Richardson, R. A. (2018). Measuring Women’s empowerment: A critical review of Current practices and recommendations for researchers. Social Indicators Research, 137(2), 539–557. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-017-1622-4
- Rudman, L. A. (1998). Self-promotion as a risk factor for women: The costs and benefits of counterstereotypical impression management. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(3), 629–645. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.3.629
- Russell, D. E. H. (1975). Politics of Rape: The Victim’s Perspective. Stein and Day. https://www.ojp.gov/library/abstracts/politics-rape-victims-perspective-0
- Russo, N. F., & Denious, J. E. (2001). Violence in the lives of women having abortions: Implications for practice and public policy. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 32(2), 142–150. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.32.2.142
- Russo, N. F., & Pirlott, A. (2006). Gender-Based Violence: Concepts, Methods, and Findings. https://do i.org/psycnet.apa.org/record/2007-00377-014
- Samari, G. (2017). First birth and the trajectory of women’s empowerment in Egypt. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 17(2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-017-1494-2
- Simon, B. L. (1994). The Empowerment Tradition in American Social Work: A History. Columbia University Press. http://cup.columbia.edu/book/the-empowerment-tradition-in-american-social-work/9780231074452
- SITEAL. (2019). Ecuador. https://siteal.iiep.unesco.org/sites/default/files/sit_informe_pdfs/dpe_ecuador-_25_09_19.pdf
- Speizer, I. S., & Pearson, E. (2010). Association between early marriage and intimate partner violence in India: A focus on youth from Bihar and Rajasthan. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 26(10), 1963–1981. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260510372947
- Subsecretaría Prevención y Erradicación de la Violencia contra la Mujer. (n.d.) Servicio de Protección Integral.
- UN. (1996). United Nations report of the fourth world conference on women Beijing. September 4-15, 1995.
- UN. (2015). Objetivos y metas de desarrollo sostenible - Desarrollo Sostenible. https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/es/objetivos-de-desarrollo-sostenible/
- UN WOMEN. (n.d.) World Conferences on Women.
- Vacacela Márquez, S., Mideros Mora, A., Vacacela Márquez, S., & Mideros Mora, A. (2022). Identificación de los factores de riesgo de violencia de género en el Ecuador como base para una propuesta preventiva. Desarrollo y Sociedad, 2022(91), 111–142. https://doi.org/10.13043/DYS.91.3
- Vara-Horna, A. (2013). Los costos invisibles de la violencia contra las mujeres para las microempresas ecuatorianas. 29. http://www.administracion.usmp.edu.pe/investigacion/files/Costos-empresariales-Ecuador-1.pdf?subid1=20230317-0251-0358-9b12-ecbf28b1b1ac
- Vara-Horna, A. (2020). The country costs of violence against women in Ecuador. https://www.facebook.com/MujeressinV/
- Wado, Y. D., Mutua, M. K., Mohiddin, A., Ijadunola, M. Y., Faye, C., Coll, C. V. N., Barros, A. J. D., & Kabiru, C. W. (2021). Intimate partner violence against adolescents and young women in sub-saharan Africa: Who is most vulnerable? Reproductive Health, 18(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-021-01077-z
- WHO. (2012). Understanding and addressing violence against women.
- Wooldridge, J. (2015). Introductory econometrics: A modern approach. Cengage learning.
- World Bank. (2020). Población, mujeres - Ecuador | Data. https://datos.bancomundial.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL.FE.IN?locations=EC
- The World Bank. (2020). World Development Indicators | The World Bank.
- Yapp, E., & Pickett, K. E. (2019). Greater income inequality is associated with higher rates of intimate partner violence in Latin America. Public Health, 175, 87–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PUHE.2019.07.004
- Yoshihama, M., & Horrocks, J. (2010). Risk of intimate partner violence: Role of childhood sexual abuse and sexual initiation in women in Japan. Children and Youth Services Review, 32(1), 28–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHILDYOUTH.2009.06.013