Recognizing Traumatization in Children Aged 4 to 8: A Pilot Validation Study of the Odense Child Trauma Screening (OCTS) Measure in Lithuania

References

• Becker, A., Rothenberger, A., & Sohn, A. (2015). Six years ahead: A longitudinal analysis regarding course and predictive value of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) in children and adolescents. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 24(6), 715–725. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-014-0640-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker, A., Steinhausen, H. C., Baldursson, G., Dalsgaard, S., Lorenzo, M. J., Ralston, S. J., Döpfner, M., Rothenberger, A., Coghill, D., Curatolo, P., Falissard, B., Hervas, A., Le Heuzey, M. F., Nøvik, T. S., Pereira, R. R., Preuss, U., Rasmussen, P., Riley, A. W., Spiel, G., & Vlasveld, L. (2006). Psychopathological screening of children with ADHD: Strengths and difficulties questionnaire in a pan-European study. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 15(S1), i56–i62. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-006-1008-7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brown, A. D., Becker-Weidman, E., & Saxe, G. N. (2021). A developmental perspective on childhood traumatic stress. In M. J. Friedman, P. P. Schnurr, & T. M. Keane (Eds.), Handbook of PTSD: Science and practice (pp. 246–262). The Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bunting, L., McCartan, C., Davidson, G., Grant, A., Mulholland, C., Schubotz, D., McBride, O., Murphy, J., & Shevlin, M. (2022). Rationale and methods of the ‘Northern Ireland Youth Wellbeing Survey’ and initial findings from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 27(3), 670–685. https://doi.org/10.1177/13591045221075525
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butchart, A., & World Health Organization., & International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect. (2006). Preventing child maltreatment: A guide to taking action and generating evidence. World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Cicchetti, D. (2013). Annual research review: Resilient functioning in maltreated children - past, present, and future perspectives. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54(4), 402–422. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02608.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences second edition. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• De Young, A. C., Kenardy, J. A., & Cobham, V. E. (2011). Diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder in preschool children. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 40(3), 375–384. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2011.563474
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Young, A. C., Kenardy, J. A., Cobham, V. E., & Kimble, R. (2012). Prevalence, comorbidity and course of trauma reactions in young burn-injured children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 53(1), 56–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02431.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Young, A. C., & Landolt, M. A. (2018). PTSD in children below the age of 6 years. In Current Psychiatry Reports, 20(11), Current Medicine Group LLC 1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-018-0966-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Euser, S., Alink, L. R. A., Pannebakker, F., Vogels, T., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2013). The prevalence of child maltreatment in the Netherlands across a 5-year period. Child Abuse and Neglect, 37(10), 841–851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.07.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finkelhor, D., Turner, H. A., Shattuck, A., & Hamby, S. L. (2015). Prevalence of childhood exposure to violence, crime, and abuse: Results from the national survey of children’s exposure to violence. JAMA Pediatrics, 169(8), 746–754. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.0676
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilbert, R., Widom, C. S., Browne, K., Fergusson, D., Webb, E., & Janson, S. (2009). Child maltreatment 1 burden and consequences of child maltreatment in high-income countries. The Lancet, 373(9657), 68–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61706-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gintiliene, G., Girdzijauskiene, S., Cerniauskaite, D., Lesinskiene, S., Povilaitis, R., & Puras, D. (2004). A standardised Lithuanian version of strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) for school-aged children. Psichologija, 29, 88–105. https://doi.org/10.15388/Psichol.2004.4355
   Google Scholar
• Goodman, R. (1997). The strengths and difficulties questionnaire: A research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 38(5), 581–586. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greeson, J. K. P., Briggs, E. C., Kisiel, C. L., Layne, C. M., Ake, G. S., Ko, S. J., Gerrity, E. T., Steinberg, A. M., Howard, M. L., Pynoos, R. S., & Fairbank, J. A. (2011). Complex trauma and mental health in children and adolescents placed in foster care. Source: Child Welfare. 90(6), 91–108. https://doi.org/10.2307/48625371
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heilmann, A., Mehay, A., Watt, R. G., Kelly, Y., Durrant, J. E., van Turnhout, J., & Gershoff, E. T. (2021). Physical punishment and child outcomes: A narrative review of prospective studies. The Lancet, 398(10297), 355–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00582-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodges, M., Godbout, N., Briere, J., Lanktree, C., Gilbert, A., & Kletzka, N. T. (2013). Cumulative trauma and symptom complexity in children: A path analysis. Child Abuse and Neglect, 37(11), 891–898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.04.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kazlauskas, E., Jovarauskaite, L., Abe, K., Brewin, C. R., Cloitre, M., Daniunaite, I., Haramaki, Y., Hihara, S., Kairyte, A., Kamite, Y., Sugimura, K., Thoresen, S., Zelviene, P., & Truskauskaite-Kuneviciene, I. (2022). Trauma exposure and factors associated with ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD in adolescence: A cross-cultural study in Japan and Lithuania. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 31. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796022000336
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kazlauskas, E., Zelviene, P., Daniunaite, I., Hyland, P., Kvedaraite, M., Shevlin, M., & Cloitre, M. (2020). The structure of ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD in adolescents exposed to potentially traumatic experiences. Journal of Affective Disorders, 265, 169–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.061
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koo, T. K., & Li, M. Y. (2016). A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability research. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine, 15(2), 155–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcm.2016.02.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levendosky, A. A., Bogat, G. A., & Martinez-Torteya, C. (2013). PTSD symptoms in young children exposed to intimate partner violence. Violence Against Women, 19(2), 187–201. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801213476458
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis, S. J., Arseneault, L., Caspi, A., Fisher, H. L., Matthews, T., Moffitt, T. E., Odgers, C. L., Stahl, D., Teng, J. Y., & Danese, A. (2019). The epidemiology of trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder in a representative cohort of young people in England and Wales. The Lancet Psychiatry, 6(3), 247–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30031-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Løkkegaard, S. S. (2019). How can we identify traumatized children? A study on validating assessment tools for identifying children who suffer from trauma symptomatology. Faculty of Health, University of Southern Denmark.
   Google Scholar
• Løkkegaard, S. S., Andersen, M. E., Eriksen, S. B., & Elklit, A. (2017). Odense child trauma screening: Administration manual. English version. Danish National Center of Psychotraumatology, Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark.
   Google Scholar
• Løkkegaard, S. S., Andersen, M. E., Eriksen, S. B., & Elklit, A. (2018). Odense child trauma screening: Coding manual. English version. Danish National Center for Psychotraumatology, Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark.
   Google Scholar
• Løkkegaard, S. S., Elmose, M., & Elklit, A. (2021). Development and initial validation of the Odense Child Trauma Screening: A story stem screening tool for preschool and young schoolchildren. Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 9(1), 113–126. https://doi.org/10.21307/sjcapp-2021-013
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maurice-Stam, H., Haverman, L., Splinter, A., van Oers, H. A., Schepers, S. A., & Grootenhuis, M. A. (2018). Dutch norms for the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) - parent form for children aged 2-18years. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-018-0948-1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nikolaidis, G., Petroulaki, K., Zarokosta, F., Tsirigoti, A., Hazizaj, A., Cenko, E., Brkic-Smigoc, J., Vajzovic, E., Stancheva, V., Chincheva, S., Ajdukovic, M., Rajter, M., Raleva, M., Trpcevska, L., Roth, M., Antal, I., Ispanovic, V., Hanak, N., Olmezoglu-Sofuoglu, Z., … Browne, K. (2018). Lifetime and past-year prevalence of children’s exposure to violence in 9 Balkan countries: THE BECAN study. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-017-0208-x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sachser, C., Berliner, L., Holt, T., Jensen, T. K., Jungbluth, N., Risch, E., Rosner, R., & Goldbeck, L. (2017). International development and psychometric properties of the child and adolescent trauma screen (CATS). Journal of Affective Disorders, 210, 189–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.12.040
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheeringa, M. S. (2011). PTSD in children younger than the age of 13: Toward developmentally sensitive assessment and management. Journal of Child and Adolescent Trauma, 4(3), 181–197. https://doi.org/10.1080/19361521.2011.597079
   Google Scholar
• Slone, M., & Mann, S. (2016). Effects of war, terrorism and armed conflict on young children: A systematic review. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 47(6), 950–965. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-016-0626-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson, R., & Tabone, J. K. (2010). The impact of early alleged maltreatment on behavioral trajectories. Child Abuse and Neglect, 34(12), 907–916. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2010.06.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vachon, D. D., Krueger, R. F., Rogosch, F. A., & Cicchetti, D. (2015). Assessment of the harmful psychiatric and behavioral effects of different forms of child maltreatment. JAMA Psychiatry, 72(11), 1135–1142. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.1792
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vibhakar, V., Allen, L. R., Gee, B., & Meiser-Stedman, R. (2019). A systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of depression in children and adolescents after exposure to trauma. Journal of Affective Disorders, 255, 77–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.05.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zelviene, P., Daniunaite, I., Hafstad, G. S., Thoresen, S., Truskauskaite-Kuneviciene, I., & Kazlauskas, E. (2020). Patterns of abuse and effects on psychosocial functioning in Lithuanian adolescents: A latent class analysis approach. Child Abuse and Neglect, 108, 108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104684
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar