Removal of heavy metals from synthetic leachate using a biologically generated electric field

References

• Fungaroli , A. A. 1971 . Pollution of Subsurface Water by Sanitary Landfills , Vol. I , 1 – 200 . Washington, DC : US EPA . Report SW-12 RG-71, (NTIS No. PB-209 000)
   Google Scholar
• USEPA . 1988 . “ Summary of data on Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Leachate Characteristics ” . In Criteria for Municipal Solid Waste Landfills , 394 – 450 . Washington, DC : Office of Solid Waste, U.S.E.P.A. . (40 CFR Part 258), EPA/530-SW-88-038
   Google Scholar
• Qasim , S. R. and Chiang , W. 1992 . Sanitary Landfill Leachate , 129 – 146 . Lancaster, PA : Technomic Publishing Company .
   Google Scholar
• La Grega , M. D. , Buckingham , P. L. and Evans , J. C. 2001 . Hazardous Waste Management , 812 – 864 . New York : McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Daniel , D. E. 1993 . Geotechnical practice for waste disposal , 124 – 128 . New York : Chapman & Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Christensen , J. B. , Jensen , D. L. and Christensen , T. H. 1996 . Effect of dissolved organic carbon on the mobility of cadmium, nickel and zinc in leachate polluted groundwater . Water Res. , 30 ( 12 ) : 3037 – 3049 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuo , W.-C. and Parkin , G. F. 1996 . Characterization of soluble microbial products from anaerobic treatment by molecular weight distribution and nickel-chelating properties . Water Res. , 30 ( 4 ) : 915 – 922 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamed , J. , Acar , Y. B. and Gale , R. J. 1991 . Pb(II) removal from kaolinite using electrokinetics . ASCE J. Geotech. Eng. , 112 ( 2 ) : 241 – 271 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Lageman , R. , Pool , W. and Seffinga , G. 1989 . Electro-reclamation: Theory and practice . Chem. Ind. (London) , 18 : 585 – 590 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Probstein , R. F. and Hicks , R. E. 1993 . Removal of contaminants from soil by electric fields . Science , 260 : 498 – 503 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Runnels , D. D. and Wahli , C. A. 1993 . In situ electromigration as a method for removing sulfate, metals, and other contaminants from groundwater . Groundwater Monitor. Rev. , : 121 – 129 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eykholt , J. and Daniel , D. E. 1994 . Impact of system chemistry on electroosmosis in contaminated soil . ASCE J. Geotech. Eng. , 120 ( 5 ) : 797 – 815 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Alshawabkeh , A. and Acar , Y. B. 1996 . Electrokinetic remediation: II. Theoretical model . ASCE J. of Geotech. Eng. , 122 ( 3 ) : 186 – 196 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Shapiro , A. P. , Renauld , P. and Probstein , R. 1989 . Preliminary studies on the removal of chemical species from saturated porous media by electro-osmosis . Physicochem. Hydrodyn. , 11 ( 5/6 ) : 785 – 802 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Acar , Y. B. , Ozsu , E. E. , Alshawabkeh , A. N. , Fazle Rabbi , M. and Gale , R. 1996 . Enhanced soil Bioremediation with electric fields . Chemtech , 26 ( 4 ) : 40 – 44 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Bruell , C. J. , Segall , B. A. and Walsh , M. T. 1992 . Electroosmotic removal of gasoline hydrocarbons and TCE from clay . J. of Env. Eng. , 118 ( 1/2 ) : 68 – 83 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho , S. V. , Athmer , P. W. , Sheridan , P. W. and Shapiro , A. 1997 . “ Scale-up aspects of the Lasagna process for in-situ soil remediation ” . In Journal of Hazardous Materials, Special Edition on Electrochemical Decontamination of Soil and Water , Edited by: Acar , Y. B. and Alshawabkeh , A. N. 39 – 60 . Amsterdam, , Netherlands : Elsevier Sci B.V. .
   Google Scholar
• Maillacheruvu , K. Y. and Alshawabkeh , A. 2000 . “ Anaerobic microbial activity under electric fields ” . In Emerging Technologies in Hazardous Waste Management VIII , Edited by: Tedder , D. W. and Pohland , F. G. 69 – 79 . New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Alshawabkeh , A. N. and Maillacheruvu , K. Y. 2001 . “ Electrochemical and biogeochemical interactions in soils under electric fields ” . In Physiochemical Groundwater Remediation , Edited by: Smith , J. A. and Burns , S. E. 73 – 90 . New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Masscheleyn , P. H. , DeLaune , R. D. and Patrick , W. H. Jr. 1991 . Effect of redox potential and pH on arsenic speciation and solubility in a contaminated soil . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 25 ( 8 ) : 1414 – 1419 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung , K. H. , Ro , K. S. and Roy , D. 1995 . Anaerobic atrazine biotransformation in wetland sediment under different nutrient conditions . J. Env. Sci. Health , A30 ( 1 ) : 109 – 120 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Stumm , W. and Morris , J. C. 1996 . “ Oxidation and reduction; Equilibria and microbial mediation ” . In Aquatic Chemistry: Chemical Equilibria and Rates in Natural Waters, , 3rd Edition , Edited by: Stumm , W. C. and Morgan , J. J. 425 – 513 . New York : John Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Capone , D. G. , Reese , D. D. and Kiene , R. P. 1983 . Effect of metals on methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, carbon dioxide evolution, and microbial biomass in anoxic salt marsh sediments . Appl. Env. Microbiol. , 45 ( 5 ) : 1586 – 1591 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minton , M. and Molof , A. H. 1999 . Platinum electrode response in anaerobic sludge . Water Environ. Res. , 71 ( 3 ) : 260 – 267 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sawyer , C. , McCarty , P. L. and Parkin , G. F. 2003 . Chemistry for Environmental Engineering, , 5th Edition , 752 New York : McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Speece , R. E. 1985 . Environmental requirements for anaerobic digestion of biomass . Adv. Solar Energy , 2 : 51 – 123 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• American Public Health Association . 2001 . Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, , 21st Edition , Washington, DC : American Public Health Association .
   Google Scholar
• Acar , Y. B. and Alshawabkeh , A. 1996 . Electrokinetic remediation: I. Pilot-scale tests with lead spiked kaolinite . ASCE J. Geotech. Eng. , 122 ( 3 ) : 173 – 185 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Koryta , J. , Dvorak , J. , Karvan , L. and Heinze , J. 1994 . Principles of Electrochemistry . Angewandte Chemie , 33 ( 19 ) : 1989 [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Holmes , P. J. 1962 . The Electrochemistry of Semi-Conductors , 1 – 396 . London : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Alshawabkeh , A. N. , Ozsu-Acar , E. , Gale , R. J. and Puppala , S. K. 1998 . Remediation of soils contaminated with tetraethyl lead by electric fields . Transport. Res. Rec. , 1615 : 79 – 85 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell , J. K. 1993 . Fundamentals of Soil Behavior , 1 – 437 . New York : John Wiley and Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Lide , David E. , ed. 1996 . CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, , 77th Edition , Vol. 5 , 100 Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press . 98–5
   Google Scholar