Polonium, uranium and plutonium radionuclides in aquatic and land ecosystem of Poland

References

• Skwarzec , B. Polon, uran i pluton w ekosystemie południowego Bałtyku (Polonium, uranium and plutonium in the southern Baltic Sea ecosystem). Rozprawy i monografie, Instytut Oceanologii PAN 6 Sopot, 1995 (in Polish)
   Google Scholar
• Jaworowski , Z. and Kownacka , L. 1976 . Lead and radium in the lower stratosphere . Nature , 263 : 303 – 304 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardy , E. P. , Krey , P. W. and Volchok , H. L. 1973 . Global inventory and distribution of fallout plutonium . Nature , 241 : 444 – 445 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bem , H. 2005 . Radioaktywność w środowisku naturalnym (Radioactivity in the natural environment) . Komisja Ochrony Środowiska PAN Łódź , in Polish
   Google Scholar
• Daish , S. R. , Dale , A. A. , Dale , C. J. , May , R. and Rowe , J. E. 2005 . The temporal variations of 7Be, 210Pb and 210Po in air in England . J. Environ. Radioact. , 84 : 457 – 467 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kigashi , K. 1971 . Alpha-recoil, thorium—234: dissolution into water and uranium-234 (uranium-238) disequilibrium in nature . Science , 173 : 47 – 48 .
   Google Scholar
• Fleischer , R. L. and Raabe , O. G. 1978 . Recoiling alpha-emitting nuclei. Mechanisms for uranium-series disequilibrium . Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , 42 : 973 – 978 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skwarzec , B. , Boryło , A. and Strumińska , D. I. 2002 . Isotopes of 234U and 238U in sediments of the southern Baltic . J. Environ. Radioact. , 61 : 345 – 363 .
   Google Scholar
• Skwarzec , B. , Boryło , A. and Strumińska , D. I. 2004 . Activity disequilibrium between 234U and 238U isotopes in southern Baltic . Water, Air Soil Poll. , 159 : 165 – 173 .
   Google Scholar
• Langmuir , D. 1978 . Uranium solution – mineral equilibria at low temperature with applications to sedimentary deposits. Geochim . Cosmochim. Acta , 42 : 547 – 569 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coughtrey , P. J. , Jackson , D. , Jones , C. H. , Kane , P. and Thorne , M. C. 1984 . Radionuclide distribution and transport terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems . : 302 – 343 . A critical review of data, Published by A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam
   Google Scholar
• Aarkrog , A. 1988 . The radiological impact of the Chernobyl debris compared with that from weapons fallout . J. Environ. Radioact. , 6 : 151 – 162 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choppin , G. R. and Allard , B. 1985 . Complexes of actinides with naturally occurring organic compounds, in: Handbook on the physics and chemistry of the actinides , 407 – 427 . Amsterdam : Part II, North Holland .
   Google Scholar
• Gasco , C. , Anton , M. P. , Pozuelo , M. , Meralm , J , Gonzalez , A. M. , Papucci , C. and Delfanti , R. 2002 . Distributions of Pu, Am and Cs in margin sediments from the western Mediterranean (Spanish coast) . J. Environ. Radioact. , 59 : 75 – 89 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szefer , P . 2002 . Metals, metaloids and radionuclides in the Baltic Sea ecosystem. Vol. 5 , Amsterdam-London_New York-Oxford-Paris-Shannon-Tokyo : Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Kershaw , P. J. , Woodhead , D. S. , Lovett , M. B. and Leonard , K. S. 1995 . Plutonium from European reprocessing operations – its behaviour in the marine environment . Appl. Radiat. Isot. , 46 ( 11 ) : 1121 – 1134 .
   Google Scholar
• HELCOM . 1995 . Baltic Sea environment proceedings. Radioactivity in the Baltic Sea 1984–1991 . Helsinki Commissions , 61 : 69 – 113 .
   Google Scholar
• Holm , E . 1995 . Plutonium in the Baltic Sea . Appl. Radiat. Isot. , 46 ( 11 ) : 1225 – 1229 .
   Google Scholar
• Salo , A. , Tuomainen , K. and Voipio , A. 1986 . Inventories of certain long-lived radionuclides in the Baltic Sea, Study of radioactive materials in the Baltic Sea . : 53 – 62 . IAEA-TECDOC-362
   Google Scholar
• Skwarzec , B. , Strumińska , D. I. and Prucnal , M. 2003 . Estimates of 239+240Pu inventories in Gdańsk Bay and Gdańsk Basin . J. Environ. Radioact. , 70 : 237 – 252 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alberts , J. J. and Wahlgren , M. A. 1981 . Laboratory and field studies of the relative mobility of 239,240Pu and 241Am from lake sediments under oxic and anoxic conditions . Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , 45 : 1931
   Google Scholar
• Saxen , R. and Ilus , E. 2000 . “ Discharge of 137Cs by Finnish rivers to the Baltic Sea in 1986–1996 ” . In Radiological exposure of the population of the European Community to radioactivity in the Baltic sea, Marina-Balt project, Radiation Protection Edited by: Nielsen , S. P. Vol. 110 , 333 – 347 . (ed.),
   Google Scholar
• Andersson , P. S. , Wasserburg , G. J. , Chen , J. H. , Papanastassiou , D. A. and Ingri , J. 1995 . 238U, 234U and 232Th, 230Th in the Baltic Sea and river water . Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , 124 : 217 – 234 .
   Google Scholar
• Makinia , J. , Dunnette , D. and Kowalik , P. 1996 . Water pollution in Poland . Eur. Water Poll. Cont. , 6 ( 2 ) : 26 – 33 .
   Google Scholar
• GUS . 2005 . Ochrona środowiska, Informacje i opracowania statystyczne (Environmental protection, Information and statistical description) , Warszawa . in Polish
   Google Scholar
• Flues , M. , Morales , M. and Mazzilli . 2002 . . The influence of a coal-fired plant operation on radionuclides in soil . J. Environ. Radioact. , 63 : 285 – 294 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boryło , A. , Nowicki , W. and Skwarzec , B. 2009 . Isotopes of polonium (210Po) and uranium (234U and 238U) in the industrialized area of Wiślinka (North Poland) . Intern. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. , 89 : 677 – 685 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GUS . 2005 . Użytkowanie gruntów, powierzchnia zasiewów i pogłowie zwierząt gospodarskich w 2005 roku, Informacje i opracowania statystyczne (Agriculture, Information and statistical description) , Warszawa . in Polish
   Google Scholar
• Skwarzec , B. 1997 . Radiochemical methods for the determination of polonium, radiolead, uranium and plutonium in environmental samples . Chem. Anal. , 42 : 107 – 115 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skwarzec , B. 2009 . “ Determination of radionuclides in aquatic environment ” . In Analytical measurement in the aquatic environments , Edited by: Namieśnik , J. and Szefer , P. 241 – 259 . Boca Raton-London-New York : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Skwarzec , B. and Jahnz , A. 2007 . The inflow of polonium 210Po from Vistula river catchments area . J. Environ. Sci. Health A , 42 : 1 – 6 .
   Google Scholar
• Skwarzec , B. , Jahnz-Bielawska , A. and Boryło , A. 2010 . The inflow of uranium 234U and 238U from the Vistula River catchment area to the Baltic Sea . Radiochim. Acta , 98 : 367 – 375 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skwarzec , B. , Jahnz-Bielawska , A. and Strumińska-Parulska , D. I. 2011 . The inflow of 238Pu and 239+240Pu from the Vistula River catchment area to the Baltic Sea . J. Environ. Radioact. , 102 : 728 – 734 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skwarzec , B. and Bojanowski , R. 1992 . Distribution of plutonium in selected components of the Baltic ecosystem within the Polish economic zone . J. Environ. Radioact. , 15 : 249 – 263 .
   Google Scholar
• Skwarzec , B. and Tuszkowska , A. 2008 . Inflow of 210Po from the Odra river catchment area to the Balic Sea . Chem. Anal. , 53 : 809 – 820 .
   Google Scholar
• Skwarzec , B. , Tuszkowska , A. and Boryło , A. 2010 . The inflow of 238U and 234U from the River Odra drainage basin to the Baltic Sea . Oceanologia , 53 ( 4 ) : 705 – 725 .
   Google Scholar
• Skwarzec , B. , Tuszkowska , A. and Strumińska-Parulska , D. I. 2011 . The inflow of 238Pu and 239+240Pu from the Odra River drainage area to the Baltic Sea . Water, Air Soil Poll. , in press
   Google Scholar
• Skwarzec , B. and Bojanowski , R. 1988 . The 210Po content in sea water and its accumulation in southern Baltic plankton . Mar. Biol. , 97 : 301 – 307 .
   Google Scholar
• Skwarzec , B . 1997 . Polonium, uranium and plutonium in the southern Baltic Sea . Ambio , 26 ( 2 ) : 113 – 117 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robins , J. 1978 . “ Geochemical and geophysical applications of radioactive lead ” . In The biogeochemistry of lead in the environment , Edited by: Nroagi , J . 285 – 393 . Amsterdam : Elsvier .
   Google Scholar
• Pempkowiak , J . 1991 . Enrichment factors of heavy metals in the southern Baltic surface sediment dated with 210Po and 137Cs . Environ. Int. , 17 : 421 – 428 .
   Google Scholar
• Suplińska , M. and Pietrzak-Flis , Z. 2008 . Sedimentation rates and dating of bottom sediments in the Southern Baltic Sea region . Nukleonika , 53 : 105 – 111 .
   Google Scholar
• Skwarzec , B. 1988 . Accumulation of 210Po in selected species of Baltic fish . J. Environ. Radioact. , 8 : 111 – 118 .
   Google Scholar
• Skwarzec , B. and Falkowski , L. 1988 . Accumulation of 210Po in Baltic invertebrates . J. Environ. Radioact. , 8 : 99 – 109 .
   Google Scholar
• Holm , E . 1994 . Radioecology , 63 Singapore-New Jersey-London-Hong Kong : World Scientific .
   Google Scholar
• Dahlgaard , H. 1996 . Polonium-210 in mussels and fish from the Baltic-North sea estuary . J. Environ. Radioact. , 32 : 91 – 96 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skwarzec , B. and Fabisia , J. 2007 . Bioaccumulation of polonium 210Po in marine birds . J. Environ. Radioact. , 93 : 119 – 126 .
   Google Scholar
• Boryło , A. , Skwarzec , B. and Fabisiak , J. 2010 . Bioaccumulation of uranium 234U and 238U in marine birds . J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. , 284 : 165 – 172 .
   Google Scholar
• Suplińska , M. 1995 . Plutonium in sediments of the Baltic Sea in the period of 1991–1993 . Nukleonika , 40 : 33 – 44 .
   Google Scholar
• Pawlukowska , M . 2009 . Specjacja plutonu w osadach dennych południowego Bałtyku (Plutonium speciation in the southern Baltic Sea sediments), PhD thesis , University of Gdańsk .
   Google Scholar
• Strumińska-Parulska , D. I. and Skwarzec , B. 2010 . Plutonium isotopes 238Pu, 239+240Pu, 241Pu and 240Pu/239Pu atomic ratios in the southern Baltic Sea ecosystem . Oceanologia , 52 ( 3 ) : 499 – 512 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skwarzec , B. , Strumińska , D. I. and Boryło , A. 2001 . Bioaccumulation and distribution of plutonium in fish from Gdańsk Bay . J. Environ. Radioact. , 55 : 167 – 178 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strumińska , D. I. and Skwarzec , B. Plutonium 241Pu concentrations in southern Baltic Sea ecosystem . J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2006 , 268 59 – 63 .
   Google Scholar
• Strumińska , D. I. and Skwarzec , B. 2004 . Plutonium concentration in water from the southern Baltic Sea and their distribution in cod (Gadus morhua) skin and girls . J. Environ. Radioact. , 72 : 355 – 361 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strumińska-Parulska , D. I. , Skwarzec , B. and Fabisiak , J. 2011 . Plutonium bioaccumulation in seabirds . J. Environ. Radioact. , in press
   Google Scholar
• Skwarzec , B. , Kabat , K. and Astel , A. 2009 . Seasonal and spatial variability of 210Po, 238U and 239+240Pu levels in the river catchment area assessed by application of neural-network based classification . J. Environ. Radioact. , 100 : 167 – 175 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strzelecki , R. , Wołkowicz , S. and Lewandowski , P. 1994 . Atlas Radioekologiczny Polski (Radioecological Atlas of Poland) , Warszawa : Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny . in Polish
   Google Scholar
• Mietelski , J. W. , Baeza , A. S. , Guillen , J. , Buzinny , M. , Tsigakov , N. , Gaca , P. , Jasińska , M. and Tomankiewicz , E. 2002 . Plutonium and other alpha emitters in mushrooms form Poland, Spain and Ukraine . Appl. Radiat. Isot. , 56 : 717 – 729 .
   Google Scholar