Application of radio-immunoassays to assess the fate of estrogen EDCs in full scale wastewater treatment plants

References

• National Water Act . 1998 . Act 36 of, www.dwa.gov.za (Accessed January 2011)
   Google Scholar
• D’Ascenzo , G. , Ci Corcia , A. , Gentili , A. , Mancini , R. , Mastropasqua , R. , Nazzari , M. and Samperi , R. 2003 . Fate of natural estrogen conjugates in municipal sewage transport and treatment facilities . Sci.Tot. Environ. , 302 : 199 – 209 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mastrup , M. , Schäfer , A. I. and Khan , S. J. 2005 . Predicting fate of the contraceptive pill in wastewater treatment and discharge . Water Sci. Technol. , 52 ( 8 ) : 279 – 286 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsui , S. , Takigami , H. , Matsuda , T. , Taniguchi , N. , Adachi , J. , Kawami , H. and Shimizu , Y. 2000 . Estrogen and estrogen mimics contamination in water and the role of sewage treatment . Water Sci.Technol. , 42 ( 12 ) : 173 – 179 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Servos , M. R. , Bennie , D. T. , Burnison , B. K. , Jurkovic , A. , McInnis , R. , Neheli , T. , Schnell , A. , Seto , P. , Smyth , S. A. and Ternes , T. A. 2005 . Distribution of estrogens, 17βEstradiol and estrone in Canadian municipal wastewater treatment plants . Sci. Tot. Environ. , 336 : 155 – 170 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baronti , C. , Curini , R. , Ascenzo , G. D. , Di Corcia , A. , Gentili , A. and Samperi , R. 2000 . Monitoring natural and synthetic estrogens at activated sludge sewage treatment plants and in a receiving river water . Env. Sci. Tech. , 34 ( 24 ) : 5059 – 5066 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ying , G.-G. , Kookana , R. S. and Ru , Y-J. 2002 . Occurrence and fate of hormone steroids in the environment . Environ. Int. , 28 : 545 – 551 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UK. Environmental Agency . 2002 . Proposed Predicted-No-Effect-Concentrations (PNECs) for natural and synthetic steroid oestrogens in surface waters . R&D Technical Report , P2 T04/TR1
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , A. C. , Belfroid , U. A. and Di Corcia , A. 2002 . Estimating steroid oestrogen inputs into activated sludge treatment works and observations on their removal from the effluent . Sci. Tot. Environ. , 56 : 163 – 173 .
   Google Scholar
• Aneck-Hahn , N. H. , de Jager , C. , Bornman , M. S. and du Toit , D. 2005 . Oestrogenic activity using a recombinant yeast screen assay (RCBA) in South African laboratory water sources . Water SA. , 31 ( 2 ) : 253 – 256 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodbard , D. Statistical quality control and routine data processing for radioimmunoassays and immunoradiometric assays . Clin. Chem. , 202 ( 10 ) 1255 – 1270 .
   Google Scholar
• Onda , K. , Nakamura , Y. , Takatoh , C. , Miya , A. and Katsu , Y. 2003 . The behaviour of estrogenic substances in the biological treatment process of sewage . Water Sci. Technol. , 47 ( 9 ) : 109 – 116 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson , A. C. , Aerni , H.-R. , Gerritsen , A. , Gibert , M. , Giger , W. , Hylland , K. , J(rgens , M. , Nakari , T. , Pickering , A. , Suter , M. J.-F. , Svenson , A. and Wettstein , F. E. 2005 . Comparing steroid estrogen, and nonylphenol content across a range of European sewage plants with different treatment and management practices . Water Res. , 39 ( 1 ) : 47 – 58 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibson , R. , Smith , M. D. , Spary , C. J. , Tyler , C. R. and Hill , E. M. 2005 . Mixtures of estrogenic contaminants in bile of fish exposed to wastewater treatment works effluents . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 39 : 2461 – 2471 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desbrow , C. , Routledge , E. J. , Brighty , G. C. , Sumpter , J. P. and Waldock , M. 1998 . Identification of estrogenic chemicals in STW effluent 1. Chemical fractionation and in vitro biological screening . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 32 ( 11 ) : 1549 – 1558 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drewes , J. E. , Hemming , J. , Ladenburger , S. J. , Schauer , J. and Sonzogni , W. 2005 . An assessment of endocrine disrupting activity changes during wastewater treatment through the use of bioassays and chemical measurements . Water Environ. Res. , 77 ( 1 ) : 12 – 23 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ternes , T. A. , Kreckel , P. and Mueller , J. 1999 . Behaviour and occurrence of estrogens in municipal sewage treatment plants – II. Aerobic batch experiments with activated sludge . Sci. Tot. Environ. , 225 : 91 – 99 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snyder , S. A. , Keith , T. L. , Verbrugge , D. A. , Snyder , E. M. , Gross , T. S. , Kannan , K. and Giesy , J. P. 1999 . Analytical methods for detection of selected estrogenic compounds in aqueous mixtures . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 33 : 2814 – 2820 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• López de Alda , M. J. and Barceló , D. 2001 . Review of analytical methods for the determination of estrogens and progestogens in wastewaters . Fres. J. Anal. Chem. , 371 : 437 – 447 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Swart , N. and Pool , E. 2007 . Rapid detection of selected steroid hormones from sewage effluents using an ELISA in the Kuils River water catchment area, South Africa . J. Immuno. Immunochem. , 28 ( 4 ) : 395 – 408 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lai , K. M. , Scrimshaw , M. D. and Lester , J. N. 2002 . The effects of natural and synthetic steroid estrogens in relation to their environmental occurrence . Crit. Rev. Toxicol. , 32 ( 2 ) : 113 – 132 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braga , O. , Smythe , G. A. , Schafer , A. I. and Feitz , A. J. 2005 . Steroid estrogens in primary and tertiary wastewater treatment plants. Water Sci. Technol . 52 ( 8 ) : 273 – 278 .
   Google Scholar
• Kreuzinger , N. , Clara , M. , Strenn , B. and Kroiss , H. 2004 . Relevance of the sludge retention time (SRT) as design criteria for wastewater treatment plants for the removal of endocrine disruptors and pharmaceuticals from wastewater . Water Sci. Technol. , 50 ( 5 ) : 149 – 156 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ifelebuegu , A. O. 2011 . The fate and behaviour of selected endocrine disrupting chemicals in full scale wastewater and sludge treatment unit processes . Env. Sci. Technol. , 8 ( 2 ) : 245 – 254 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanford , B. D. and Weinberg , H. S. 2010 . Evaluation of on-site wastewater treatment technology to remove estrogens, nonylphenols and estrogenic activity from wastewater . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 44 : 2994 – 3001 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ivashechkin , P. , Corvini , P. F.X. and Dohmann , M. 2004 . Behaviour of endocrine disrupting chemicals during the treatment of municipal sewage sludge . Water Sci. Technol. , 50 ( 5 ) : 133 – 149 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Filby , A. L. , Neuparth , T. , Thorpe , K. L. , Owen , R. , Galloway , T. S. and Tyler , C. R. 2007 . Health impacts of estrogens in the environment, considering complex mixture effects . Environ. Health Perspectives. , 115 ( 12 ) : 1704 – 1710 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christiansen , B. L. , Nielsen , M. W. and Helweg , C. 2002 . Feminisation of fish: The effect of estrogenic compounds and their fate in sewage treatment plants and nature . Miljoprojekt. Danish Environmental Protection Agency. , : 729 Environmental Project No
   Google Scholar
• Larsson , D. G.J. , Dolfsson-Erici , M. A. , Parkkonen , J. , Pettersson , M. , Berg , A. H. , Olsson , P. E. and Forlin , L. 1999 . Ethinyloestradiol-an undesired fish contraceptive . Aqua. Toxicol. , 45 : 91 – 97 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tabata , A , Kashiwada , S , Ohnishi , Y , Ishikawa , H , Miyamoto , N , Itoh , M. and Magara , Y. 2001 . Estrogenic influences of estradiol-17β, ρ-nonylphenol and bisphenol-A on Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes) at detected environmental concentrations . Water Sci. Technol. , 43 ( 2 ) : 109 – 116 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liney , K. E. , Hagger , J. A. , Tyler , C. R. , Depledge , M. H. , Galloway , T. S. and Jobling , S. 2006 . Health effects in fish of long-term exposure to effluents from wastewater treatment works. Environ. Health Perspect . 114 ( S-1 ) : 81 – 89 .
   Google Scholar
• Pool , E. J. 2008 . The estrogenicity of sewage effluent entering the Eerste-Kuils River catchment system . WRC Report No. 1590/1/08
   Google Scholar