Removal of naphthenic acids using adsorption process and the effect of the addition of salt

References

• Silva , J. P. , Senna , L. F. , Lago , D. C.B. , Silva , P. F. Jr. , Dias , E. G. , Figueiredo , M. A.G. and Chiaro , S. S.X. 2007 . Characterization of commercial ceramic adsorbents and its application on naphthenic acids removal of petroleum distillates . Mater. Res , 10 ( 2 ) : 219 – 225 .
   Google Scholar
• Allen , E. W. 2008 . Process water treatment in Canada's oil sands industry: I. Target pollutants and treatment objectives . J. Environ. Eng. Sci , 7 ( 2 ) : 123 – 138 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grayson , M. 1984 . Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, , 3rd Ed. , 749 New York : John Wiley and Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Brient , J. A. , Wessner , P. J. and Doyle , M. N. 2005 . Naphthenic Acids , John Wiley & Sons . Available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/book/10.1002/9780471740032/homepage/Order.html (accessed Sep 2012)
   Google Scholar
• Clemente , J. S. and Fedorak , P. M. 2005 . A review of the occurrence, analyses, toxicity, and biodegradation of naphthenic acids . Chemosphere , 60 : 585 – 600 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Headley , J. V. and McMartin , D. W. 2004 . A review of the occurrence and fate of naphthenic acids in aquatic environments . J. Environ. Sci. Health Pt. A , 39 ( 8 ) : 1989 – 2010 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kannel , P. R. and Gan , T. Y. 2012 . Naphthenic acids degradation and toxicity mitigation in tailing wastewater systems and aquatic environments: A review . J. Environ. Sci. Health Pt. A , 47 : 1 – 21 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers , V. V. , Wickstrom , M. , Liber , K. and MacKinnon , M. D. 2002 . Acute and subchronic mammalian toxicity of naphthenic acids from oil sands tailings . Toxicol. Sci , 66 : 347 – 355 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patin , S. 1999 . Environmental Impact of the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry , Translation by Elena Cascio; Ecomonitor Publishing: East Northport, NY .
   Google Scholar
• Mohamed , M. H. , Wilson , L. D. , Headley , J. V. and Peru , K. M. 2008 . Screening of oil sands naphthenic acids by UV-Vis adsorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopy . J. Environ. Sci. Health Pt. A , 43 : 1700 – 1705 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnard , G. Z. 2011 . Conversion of Petroleum Coke to Activated Carbon and its Application to Naphthenic Acid Removal from Tailing Pond Water , Calgary , , Alberta, Canada : Master's Thesis, University of Calgary .
   Google Scholar
• Gaikar , V. G. and Maiti , D. 1996 . Adsorptive recovery of naphthenic acids using ion-exchange resins . React. Funct. Polym , 31 : 155 – 164 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walcarius , A. and Mercier , L. 2010 . Mesoporous organosilica adsorbents: nanoengineered materials for removal of organic and inorganic pollutants . J. Mater. Chem , 20 : 4478 – 4511 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang , A. , Ma , Q. and Wang , K. 2005 . Improved Processes to Remove Naphthenic Acids , CA : Final Technical Report, California Institute of Technology: Pasadena .
   Google Scholar
• Zhang , A. , Ma , Q. and Wang , K. 2004 . Improved Processes to Remove Naphthenic Acids , CA : Annual Technical Progress Report, California Institute of Technology: Pasadena .
   Google Scholar
• Headley , J. V. , Barrow , M. P. , Peru , K. M. and Derrick , P. J. 2011 . Salting-out effects on the characterization of naphthenic acids from Atabasca oil sands using electrospray ionization . J. Environ. Sci. Health Pt. A , 46 : 844 – 854 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanford , L. A. , Kim , S. , Klein , G. C. , Smith , D. F. , Rogers , R. P. and Marshal , A. G. 2007 . Identification of water-soluble heavy crude oil organic-acids, bases, and neutrals by electrospray ionization and Field desorption ionization resonance mass spectroscopy . Environ. Sci. Technol , 41 : 2696 – 2702 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Small , C. 2011 . Activation of Delayed and Fluid Petroleum Coke for the Adsorption and Removal of Naphthenic Acids from Oil Sands Tailings Pond Water Master's Thesis, The University of Alberta: Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
   Google Scholar
• Nodwell , M. 2011 . On the Interactions between Naphthenic Acids and Inorganic Minerals Master's Thesis, Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, The University of British Columbia: Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
   Google Scholar
• Scott , A. C. , Zubot , W. , MacKinnon , M. D. , Smith , D. W. and Fedorak , P. M. 2008 . Ozonation of oil sands process water removes naphthenic acids and toxicity . Chemosphere , 71 : 156 – 160 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar