Infrared wave analysis after hydrodynamic and acoustic cavitation as effective method of confirming sewage sludge destruction

References

• Appels , L. , Baeyens , J. , Degrève , J. and Dewil , R. 2008 . Principles and potential of the anaerobic digestion of waste-activated sludge . Progr. Energy Combust. Sci. , 34 : 755 – 781 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camacho , P. , Ginestet , P. and Audic , J. M. 2005 . Understanding the mechanisms of thermal disintegrating treatment in the reduction of sludge production . Water Sci. Technol. , 10–11 : 235 – 245 .
   Google Scholar
• Phothilangka , P. , Schoen , M. A. , Huber , M. , Luchetta , P. , Winkler , T. and Wett , B. 2008 . Prediction of thermal hydrolysis pretreatment on anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge . Water Sci. Technol. , 58 ( 7 ) : 1467 – 1473 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barjenbruch , M. and Kopplow , O. 2003 . Enzymatic, mechanical and thermal pre-treatment of surplus sludge . Adv. Environ. Res. , 7 : 715 – 720 .
   Google Scholar
• Roman , H. J. , Burgess , J. E. and Pletschke , B. I. 2006 . Enzyme treatment to decrease solids and improve digestion of primary sewage sludge . Afr. J. Biotechnol. , 5 : 963 – 967 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song , K. G. , Choung , Y. K. , Ahtf , K. H. , Cho , J. and Yun , H. 2003 . Performance of membrane bioreactor system with sludge ozonation process for minimization of excess sludge production . Desalination , 157 : 353 – 359 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carballa , M. , Manterola , G. , Larrea , L. , Ternes , T. , Omil , F. and Lema , J. M. 2007 . Influence of ozone pre-treatment on sludge anaerobic digestion: Removal of pharmaceutical and personal care products . Chemosphere , 67 : 1444 – 1452 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodard , S. E. and Wukasch , R. F. 1994 . A hydrolysis/thickening/filtration process for the treatment of waste activated sludge . Water Sci. Technol. , 30 : 29 – 38 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukherjee , S. R. and Levine , A. D. 1992 . Chemical solubilization of particulate organics as a pretreatment approach . Water Sci. Technol. , 26 : 2289 – 2292 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vlyssides , A. G. and Karlis , P. K. 2004 . Thermal-alkaline solubilization of waste activated sludge as a pre-treatment stage for anaerobic digestion . Bioresour. Technol. , 91 : 201 – 206 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jean , D. , Chang , B. , Liao , G. , Tsou , G. and Lee , D. 2000 . Reduction of microbial density level in sewage sludge through pH adjustment and ultrasonic treatment . Water Sci. Technol. , 42 ( 9 ) : 97 – 102 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Müller , J. 2000 . Disintegration as a key-step in sewage sludge treatment . Water Sci. Technol. , 41 : 123 – 130 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , F. , Lu , S. and Ji , M. 2006 . Components of released liquid from ultrasonic waste activated sludge disintegration . Ultrason Sonochem. , 13 : 334 – 338 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antoniadis , A. , Poulios , I. , Nikolakaki , E. and Mantzavinos , D. 2007 . Sonochemical disinfection of municipal wastewater . J. Hazard. Mater. , 146 : 492 – 495 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kampas , P. , Parsons , S. A. , Pearce , P. , Ledoux , S. , Vale , P. , Churchley , J. and Cartmell , E. 2007 . Mechanical sludge disintegration for the production of carbon source for biological nutrient removal . Water Res. , 41 : 1734 – 1742 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy , K. J. , Thibault , G. and Droste , R. L. 2007 . Microwave enhanced digestion of aerobic SBR sludge . Water SA , 33 : 261 – 270 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang , P. , Zhang , G. and Wang , W. 2007 . Ultrasonic treatment of biological sludge: Floc disintegration, cell lysis and inactivation . Bioresour. Technol. , 98 : 207 – 210 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grűbel , K. and Machnicka , A. 2009 . Use of hydrodynamic disintegration to accelerate anaerobic digestion of surplus activated sludge . Water Environ. Res. , 81 ( 12 ) : 2420 – 2426 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neyens , E. , Bbaeyens , J. , Dwil , R. and de Heyder , B. 2004 . Advanced sludge treatment affects extracellular polymeric substances to improve activated sludge dewatering . J. Hazard. Mater. , 106B : 83 – 92 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar , S. P. , Kumar , S. M. and Pandit , A. B. 2000 . Experimental quantification of chemical effects of hydrodynamic cavitation . Chem. Eng. Sci. , 55 : 1633 – 1639 .
   Google Scholar
• Vichare , N. P. , Gogate , P. R. and Pandit , A. B. 2000 . Optimization of hydrodynamic cavitation using model reaction . Chem. Eng. Technol. , 23 : 683 – 690 .
   Google Scholar
• Chu , C. , Chang , B. , Liao , D. , Jean , D. and Lee , D. 2001 . Observations on changes in ultrasonically treated waste-activated sludge . Water Res. , 35 ( 4 ) : 1038 – 1046 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiechm , A. and Nickel , K. 2001 . Ultrasonic waste activated sludge disintegration for improving anaerobic stabilization . Water Res. , 35 ( 8 ) : 2003 – 2009 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris , M. D. , ed. 1993 . Microscopic and Spectroscopic Imaging of the Chemical State , New York, Basel , , Hong-Kong : Marcel Dekker, Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Zieliński , W. and Rajca , A. , eds. 2000 . “ Metody spektroskopowe i ich zastosowanie do identyfikacji związków organicznych [Spectroscopic methods and their application to identification organic compounds] ” . Warszawa , , Poland : Publisher of Science and Technology .
   Google Scholar
• American Public Health Association (APHA)/American Water Works Association (AWWA)/Water Environment Federation (WEF) . 1998 . Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th Ed. , Washington, DC , , USA : Authors .
   Google Scholar
• Gerhardt , P. , Murray , R. GE. , Wood , W. A. and Krieg , N. R. 2005 . Methods for General and Molecular Bacteriology , Wahington , DC : American Society for Microbiology Press .
   Google Scholar
• Flemming , C. and Wingender , J. 2001 . Relevance of microbial extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs). Part I. Structural and ecological aspects . Water Sci. Technol. , 43 ( 6 ) : 1 – 8 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dignac , M. F. , Urbain , V. , Rybacki , D. , Bruchet , A. , Snidaro , D. and Scribe , P. 1998 . Chemical description of extracellular polymers: implication on activated sludge floc structure . Water Sci. Technol. , 38 ( 8–9 ) : 45 – 53 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frolund , B. , Griebe , T. and Nielsen , P. H. 1995 . Enzymatic activity in the activated-sludge floc matrix . Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. , 43 ( 4 ) : 755 – 761 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Commenges-Bernole , N. and Marguerie , J. 2009 . Adsorption of heavy metals on sonicated activated sludge . Ultrasonics Sonochem. , 16 : 83 – 87 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Socrates , G. 2004 . Infrared and Raman Characteristic Group Frequencies. Tables and Charts, 3rd Ed. , Chichester , , UK : John Wiley & Sons Ltd. .
   Google Scholar