Removal of stigmasterol from Kraft mill effluent by aerobic biological treatment with steroidal metabolite detection

References

• Dykstra, C.M.; Giles, H.D.; Banerjee, S.; Pavlostathis, S.G. Biotransformation of phytosterols under aerobic conditions. Water Res. 2014, 58, 71–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xavier, C.R.; Mosquera-Corral, A.; Becerra, J.; Hernández, V.; Vidal, G. Activated sludge versus aerated lagoon treatment of kraft mill effluents containing β-sitosterol and stigmasterol. J. Environ. Sci. Health A. 2009, 44(4), 327–335.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dykstra, C., Giles, H., Banerjee, S., Pavlostathis, G. Fate and biotransformation of phytosterol during treatment of pulp and paper wastewater in a simulated aerated satbilization basin. Water Res. 2015, 68, 589–600.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahmood-Khan, Z.; Hall, E.. Quantification of plant sterols in pulp and paper mill effluents. Water Qual. Res. J. Can. 2008, 43(2/3), 93–102.
   Google Scholar
• Chamorro, S.; Monsalvez, E.; Hernández, V.; Becerra, J.; Mondaca, M.A.; Piña, B.; Vidal, G. Detection of estrogenic activity from kraft mill effluents by yeast estrogen screen. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2010, 84, 165–169.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xavier, C.; Chamorro, S.; Vidal, G.. Chronic effects of kraft mill effluents and endocrine active chemicals on Daphnia magna. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2005, 76, 670–676.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chamorro, S.; Xavier, C.; Hernández, V.; Becerra, J.; Vidal, G.. Aerobic removal of stigmaterol contained in kraft mill effluents. Electron. J. Biotechnol. 2009, 12(2), 1–7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahmood-Khan, Z.; Hall, E.. Occurrence and removal of plant sterols in pulp and paper mill effluents J. Environ. Eng. Sci. 2003, 2(1), 17–26.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vidal, G.; Becerra, J.; Hernández, V.; Decap, J.; Xavier, C.R. Anaerobic biodegradation of sterols contained in kraft mill effluents. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 2007, 104(6), 476–480.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kostamo, A.; Holmbom, B.; Kukkonen, J.V. Fate of wood extractives in wastewater treatment plants at kraft pulp mill and mechanical pulp mills. Water Res. 2004, 38, 972–982.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cook, D.L.; LaFleur, L.; Parrish, A.; Jones, J.; Hoy, D. Characterization of plant sterols from 22 US pulp and paper mills. Water Sci. Technol. 1997, 35, 297–303.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chamorro, S.; Pozo, G.; Jarpa, M.; Hernández, V.; Becerra, J.; Vidal, G.. Monitoring endocrine activity in kraft mill effluent treated by aerobic moving bed bioreactor system. Water Sci. Technol. 2010, 62(1), 154–161.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rusten, B.; Eikebrokk, B.; Ulgenes, Y.; Lygren, E.. Design and operations of the kaldnes moving bed biofilm reactors. Aquacult. Eng. 2006, 34, 322–331.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ødegaard, H.; Gisvold, B.; Strickland, J.. The influence of carrier size and shape in the moving bed biofilm process. Water Sci. Technol. 2000, 41(4–5), 383–391.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Navia, R.; Levet, L.; Mora, M.L.; Vidal, G.; Diez, M.C. Allophanic soil adsorption system as a bleached kraft mill aerobic effluent post-treatment. Water Air Soil Pollut. 2003, 148, 323–333.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belmonte, M.; Xavier, C.; Decap, J.; Martínez, M.; Sierra, R.; Vidal, G. Improvement of the abietic acid biodegradation contained in ECF effluent due to biomass adaptation. J. Hazard. Mater. 2006, 135, 256–263.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar, V.; Dhall, P.; Kumar, R.; Singh, Y.P.; Kumar, A. Bioremediation of agro-based pulp mill effluent by microbial consortium comprising autochthonous bacteria. Sci. World J. 2012, 1–7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guang-Guo,Y.; Kookana, R.; Ru, Y.J. Occurrence and fate of hormone steroids in the environment. Environ. Int. 2002, 28(6), 545–551.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chamorro, S.; Xavier, C.; Vidal, G.. Behavior of aromatic compounds contained in kraft mill effluents treated by aerated lagoon. Biotechnol. Progr. 2005, 21, 1567–1571.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• APHA-AWWA-WPCF. Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater, 16th edition; American Public Health Association: Washington, DC, 1985.
   Google Scholar
• Conceição, E.; do Carmo, M.; Bastos, E. Solid phase extraction applied to chlorinated phenolics present in the effluent from a pulp mill. J. Sep. Sci. 2002, 25, 356–360.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hernández, V.; Eberlin, M.; Chamorro, S.; Becerra, J.; Silva, M.. Steroidal metabolites in Chilean river sediment influenced by pulp mill effluents. J. Chil. Chem. Soc. 2013, 58(4), 2035–2037.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diez, M.C.; Castillo, G.; Aguilar, L.; Vidal, G.; Mora, M.L. Operational factors and nutrient effects on activated sludge treatment for phenolic compounds degradation from Pinus radiata kraft mill effluents. Bioresour. Technol 2002, 83(2), 131–138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pozo, G.; Villamar, C.; Martinez, M.; Vidal, G.. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) biosynthesis from kraft mill wastewaters: Biomass origin and C:N relationship influence. Water Sci. Technol. 2011, 63(3), 449–455.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vidal, G.; Videla, S.; Diez, M.C. Molecular weight distribution of Pinus radiata kraft mill wastewater treated by anaerobic digestion. Bioresour. Technol. 2001, 77(2), 183–191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahmood-Khan, Z.; Hall, E.. Biological removal of phyto-sterols in pulp mill effluents. J. Environ. Manage. 2013, 131, 407–414.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandes, P.; Cabral, J.M. Phytosterols: Applications and recovery methods. Bioresour. Technol. 2007, 98(12), 2335–2350.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dykstra, C.M.; Giles, H.D.; Banerjee, S.; Pavlostathis, S.G. Biotransformation potential of phytosterols under anoxic and anaerobic conditions. Water Sci. Technol. 2014, 69(8), 166–168.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sripalakit, P.; Wichai, U.; Saraphanchotiwitthaya, A.. Biotransformation of various natural sterols to androstenones by Mycobacterium sp. and some steroid-converting microbial strains. J. Mol. Catal B-Enzym. 2006, 41, 49–54.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malaviya, A.; Gomes, J.. Androstenedione production by biotransformation of phytosterols. Bioresour. Technol. 2008, 99, 6725–6737.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, F.; Yao, K.; Wei, D.. From soybean phytosterols to steroid hormones. In Soybean and Health; El-Shemy, H., Ed.; CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 license, InTech: Rijeka, Croatia, 2011; Vol. 11, 232–252.
   Google Scholar
• Wolf, C.; Hotchkiss, A.; Ostby, J.; LeBlanc, G.; Gray, L.. Effects of prenatal testosterone propionate on the sexual development on male and female rats: A dose-response study. Toxicol. Sci. 2002, 65, 71–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilbrink, M.; Petrusma, M.; Dijkhuizen, L.; and van der Geize, R.. Fad19 of Rhodococcus rhodochrous DSM 43269, a steroid coenzyme a ligase essential for degradation of C24 branched sterol side chains. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2011, 77, 4455–4464.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandra, R.; Ghosh, A.; Jain, K.R.; Singh, S. Isolation and characterization of two potential pentachlorophenol degrading aerobic bacteria from pulp paper effluent sludge. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. 2006, 52(2), 125–130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandes, P.; Cruz, A.; Angelova B.; Pinheiro H.M.; Cabral, J.M. Microbial conversión of steroid compounds: Recent developments. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 2003, 32, 688–705.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van der Geize, R.; Hessels, G.I.; Nienhuis-Kuiper, M.; Dijkhuizen, L. Characterization of a second Rhodococcus erythropolis SQ1 3-ketosteroid 9α-hydroxylase activity comprising a terminal oxygenase homologue, KshA2, active with oxygenase-reductase component KshB. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2008, 74(23), 7197–7203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szczebara, F.M.; Chandelier, C.; Villeret, C.; Masurel, A.; Bourot, S.; Duport, C.; Blanchard, S.; Groisillier, A.; Testet, E.; Costaglioli, P.; Cauet, G.; Degryse, E.; Balbuena, D.; Winter, J.; Achstetter, T.; Spagnoli, R.; Pompon, D.; Dumas, B. Total biosynthesis of hydrocortisone from a simple carbon source in yeast. Nat. Biotechnol. 2003, 21, 143–149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, X.; Peng, Y.; Su, Z.; Chen, Q.; Ruan, H.; He, Q. Optimization of biotransformation from phytosterol to androstenedione by a mutant Mycobacterium neoaurum ZJUVN-08. J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B. 2013, 14(2), 132–143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perez, C.; Falero, A.; Duch, H.L.; Balcinde, Y.; Hung, B.R. A very efficient bioconversion of soybean phytosterol mixture to androstanes by mycobacteria. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2006, 33(8), 719–723.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aparicio, J.F.; Martin, J.F. Microbial cholesterol oxidases: Bioconversion enzymes or signal proteins?. Mol. Biosyst. 2008, 4, 804–809.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doukyu, N. Characteristics and biotechnological applications of microbial cholesterol oxidases. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2009, 83, 825–837.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freitas, A.C.; Ferreira, F.; Costa, A.M.; Pereira, R.; Antunes S.C.; Gonçalves, F.; Rocha-Santos, T.A.; Diniz, M.S.; Castro, L.; Peres, I.; Duarte, A.C. Biological treatment of the effluent from a bleached kraft pulp mill using basidiomycete and zygomycete fungi. Sci. Total Environ. 2009, 407(10), 3282–3289.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raj, A.; Reddy, M.; Chandra, R.; Purohit, H.; Kapley, A.. Biodegradation of kraft-lignin by Bacillus sp. isolated from sludge of pulp and paper mill. Biodegradation 2007, 18, 783–792.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, S.J.; Kweon, O.; Cerniglia, C.E. Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by Mycobacterium Strains. In: Handbook of Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology; Timmis, K.N., Ed.; Springer: Berlin, Germany, 2010; 1479–1490.
   Google Scholar
• Kreit, J.; Sampson, N.. Cholesterol oxidase: Physiological functions. FEBS J. 2009, 276(23), 6844–6856.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szentirmai, A. Microbial physiology of side chain degradation of sterols. J. Ind. Microbiol. 1990, 6(2), 101–116.
   Google Scholar
• Guerra, M.; Sanabria, M.; Grossman, G.; Petrusz, P.; Kempinas WdeG. Excess androgen during perinatal life alters steroid receptor expression, apoptosis, and cell proliferation in the uteri of the offspring. Reprod. Toxicol. 2013, 40, 1–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barla, A.; Birman H.; Öksüz, K.. Secondary metabolites from Euphorbia helioscopia and their vasodepressor activity. Turk. J. Chem. 2006, 30, 325–332.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexander-Lindo, R.; Morrison, E.; Nair, M.; McGrowder, D.. Effect of the fractions of the hexane bark extract and stigmast-4-en-3-one isolated from Anacardium occidentale on blood glucose tolerance test in animal model. Int. J. Pharmacol. 2006, 3, 41–47.
   Google Scholar
• Nguyen, P.N.; Billiards, S.S.; Walker, D.W.; Hirst, J.J. Changes in 5α-pregnane steroids and neurosteroidogenic enzyme expression in fetal sheep with umbilicoplacental embolization. Pediatr. Res. 2003, 54(6), 840–847.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laframboise, A.J.; Zielinski, B.S. Responses of round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) olfactory epithelium to steroids released by reproductive males. J. Comp. Physiol. A Neuroethol. Sens. Neural. Behav. Physiol. 2011, 197(10), 999–1008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar