Ecological risk assessment of sewage sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants: a case study

References

• Bochenek, D. Environment. Central Statistical Office: Warsaw, 2016; pp 192–195.
   Google Scholar
• Szpadt, R. Forecast of Changes in the Field of Waste Management. Natl. Fund Environ. Protect. Water Manage. 2010, 1–82 (in Polish).
   Google Scholar
• Eurostat. Sewage sludge production and disposal from urban wastewater (in dry substance (d.s)), 2015. www.data.europa.eu (accessed Oct 4, 2018).
   Google Scholar
• Cai, Q.-Y.; Mo, C.-H.; Wu, Q.-T.; Zeng, Q.-Y.; Katsoyiannis, A. Concentration and Speciation of Heavy Metals in Six Different Sewage Sludge-Composts. J. Hazard. Mater. 2007, 147, 1063–1072.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaniuczak, J.; Hajduk, E.; Zmorska, J.; Ilek, M. Characteristics of Sewage Sludge in Terms of its Suitability for Use in Nature. Sci. Papers PTIE PTG Branch Rzeszów 2009, 11, 89–94 (in Polish).
   Google Scholar
• Gupta, A. K.; Sinha, S. Phytoextraction Capacity of the Plants Growing on Tannery Sludge Dumping Sites. Bioresour. Technol. 2007, 98, 1788–1794.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, F. X.; Banin, A.; Kingery, W. L.; Triplett, G. B.; Zhou, L. X.; Zheng, S. J.; Ding, W. X. New Approach to Studies of Heavy Metal Redistribution in Soil. Adv. Environ. Res. 2003, 8, 113–120.
   Google Scholar
• Miretzky, P.; Avendaño, M. R.; Muñoz, C.; Carrillo-Chavez, A. Use of Partition and Redistribution Indexes for Heavy Metal Soil Distribution after Contamination with a Multi-Element Solution. J. Soils Sediments 2011, 11, 619–627.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu, H. N.; Yuan, X. Z.; Zeng, G. M.; Jiang, M.; Liang, J.; Zhang, C.; Yin, J.; Huang, H. J.; Liu, Z. F.; Jiang, H. W. Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sediments of Xiawan Port based on Modified Potential Ecological Risk Index. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China (English edition) 2012, 22, 1470–1477.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ostrowska, A.; Gawliński, S.; Szczubiałka, Z. Methods of Analysis and Assessment of Soil Properties and Plants. Institute of Environmental Protection: Warsaw, 1991; p 333.
   Google Scholar
• Pueyo, M.; Mateu, J.; Rigol, A.; Vidal, M.; Lopez-Sanchez, J. F.; Rauret, G. Use of the Modified BCR Three-Step Sequential Extraction Procedure for the Study of Trace Element Dynamics in Contaminated Soils. Environ. Pollut. 2008, 152, 330–341.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gusiatin, Z. M.; Klimiuk, E. Metal (Cu, Cd and Zn) Removal and Stabilization during Multiple Soil Washing by Saponin. Chemosphere 2012, 86, 383–391.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hakanson, L. An Ecological Risk Index for Aquatic Pollution Control – a Sediment Ecological Approach. Water Res. 1980, 14, 975–1000.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang, X.; Ning, X. A.; Chen, G.; Lin, M.; Liu, J.; Wang, Y. Concentrations and Speciation of Heavy Metals in Sludge from Nine Textile Dyeing Plants. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2013, 98, 128–134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kujawska, J.; Pawłowska, K. M.; Czechowska-Kosacka, M. A.; Cel, W. Application of Anaerobically Digested Municipal Sewage Sludge in Drill Cuttings Utilization. Environ. Prot. Eng. 2014, 4, 583–595 (in Polish).
   Google Scholar
• OME, Ordinance of the Minister of Environment on municipal sewage sludges. J. Law 2015, 257, 1–9 (in Polish).
   Google Scholar
• Milik, J.; Pasela, R.; Lachowicz, M.; Chalamoński, M. The Concentration of Trace Elements in Sewage Sludge from Wastewater Treatment Plant in Gniewino. J. Ecol. Eng. 2017, 18, 118–124.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Łukowski, A. Fractionation of Heavy Metals (Pb, Cr and Cd) in Municipal Sewage Sludges from Podlasie. J. Ecol. Eng. 2017, 18, 132–138.
   Google Scholar
• Łukowski, A. Fractionation of Selected Heavy Metals (Zn, Ni, Cu) in Municipal Sewage Sludges from Podlasie. J. Ecol. Eng. 2017, 18, 133–139.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tytła, M.; Widziewicz, K. The Influence of Sewage Sludge Processing in Wastewater Treatment Plant on the Heavy Metals Contents. ACEE 2013, 6, 43–48.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, C.; Li, X. C.; Ma, H. T.; Qian, J.; Zhai, J. B. Distribution of Extractable Fractions of Heavy Metals in Sludge during the Wastewater Treatment Process. J. Haz. Mat. 2006, 137, 1277–1283.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tu, J.; Zhao, Q.; Wei, L.; Yang, Q. Heavy Metal Concentration and Speciation of Seven Representative Municipal Sludges from Wastewater Treatment Plants in Northeast. Environ. Monit. Assess. 2012, 184, 1645–1655.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gawdzik, J.; Gawdzik, B. Mobility of Heavy Metals in Municipal Sewage Sludge from Different Throughput Sewage Treatment Plants. Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2012, 21, 1603–1611.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szymanski, K.; Janowska, B.; Sidelko, R. Estimation of Bioavailability of Copper, Lead and Zinc in Municipal Solid Waste and Compost. Asian J. Chem. 2005, 17, 1646–1660.
   Google Scholar
• Egiarte, G.; Corti, G.; Pinto, M.; Arostegui, J.; Macías, F.; Ruíz-Romero, E.; Arbestain, M. C. Fractionation of Cu, Pb, Cr, and Zn in a Soil Column Amended with an Anaerobic Municipal Sewage Sludge. Water. Air. Soil Pollut. 2009, 198, 133–148.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tytła, M.; Widziewicz, K.; Zielewicz, E. Heavy Metals and its Chemical Speciation in Sewage Sludge at Different Stages of Processing. Environ. Technol. 2016, 37, 899–908.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, J. Y.; Sun, S. Y. Total Concentrations and Different Fractions of Heavy Metals in Sewage Sludge from Guangzhou, China. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 2013, 23, 2397–2407.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez, M. J. Ramos, L; Hernandez, L. M. Organochlorine and Heavy Metal Residues in the Water/Sediment System of the Southeast Regional Park in Madrid, Spain. Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 1994, 57, 135–150.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanay, Ö.; Hasar, H.; Kocer, N. N.; Aslan, S. Evaluation for Agricultural Usage with Speciation of Heavy Metals in a Municipal Sewage Sludge. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2008, 81, 42–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Hwaiti, M. S.; Brumsack, H. J.; Schnetger, B. Fraction Distribution and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Waste Clay Sediment Discharged Through the Phosphate Beneficiation Process in Jordan. Environ. Monit. Assess. 2015, 187, 1–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gusiatin, Z. M.; Kulikowska, D. The Usability of the IR, RAC and MRI Indices of Heavy Metal Distribution to Assess the Environmental Quality of Sewage Sludge Composts. Waste Manag. 2014, 34, 1227–1236.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kulikowska, D.; Gusiatin, Z. M. Sewage Sludge Composting in a Two-Stage System: Carbon and Nitrogen Transformations and Potential Ecological Risk Assessment. Waste Manag. 2015, 38, 312–320.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, J.; He, M.; Han, W.; Gu, Y. Analysis and Assessment on Heavy Metal Sources in the Coastal Soils Developed from Alluvial Deposits using Multivariate Statistical Methods. J. Haz. Mat. 2009, 164, 976–981.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sungur, A.; Soylak, M.; Yilmaz, E.; Yilmaz, S.; Ozcan, H. Characterization of Heavy Metal Fractions in Agricultural Soils by Sequential Extraction Procedure: The Relationship Between Soil Properties and Heavy Metal Fractions. Soil Sediment Contam. 2015, 24, 1–15.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nuamah, D. O. B. Heavy Metal Source Identification and Analysis Using Multivariate Statistical Methods in Soils from Akuse Area, South-Eastern Ghana. Geosci. Eng. 2016, 5, 124–134.
   Google Scholar
• Diao, C. P.; Wei, C. H. Fraction of Heavy Metals in Sludges from Typical Coking Wastewater Treatment Plants by Modified BCR Sequential Extraction Procedure. Environ. Protect. Eng. 2017, 43, 191–207.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar