Estimating the proportion of bioaccessible lead (BaPb) in household dust wipe samples: a comparison of IVBA and PBET methods

References

• Thomason, M. E.; Hect, J. L.; Rauh, V. A.; Trentacosta, C.; Wheelock, M. D.; Eggebrecht, A. T.; Espinoza-Heredia, C.; Burt, S. A. Prenatal Lead Exposure Impacts Cross-Hemispheric and Long-Range Connectivity in the Human Fetal Brain. Neuroimage 2019, 191, 186–192. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Environmental Health Science and Practice. Health Effects of Lead Exposure. https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/ (accessed Mar 9, 2022).
   Google Scholar
• Han, Z.; Bi, X.; Li, Z.; Yang, W.; Wang, L.; Yang, H.; Li, F.; Ma, Z. Occurrence, Speciation and Bioaccessibility of Lead in Chinese Rural Household Dust and the Associated Health Risk to Children. Atmos. Environ. 2012, 46, 65–70. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.10.025.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calabrese, E. J.; Stanek, E. J.; Gilbert, C. E. Evidence of Soil-Pica Behaviour and Quantification of Soil Ingested. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 1991, 10, 245–249. DOI: 10.1177/096032719101000403.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United State Environmental Protection Agency. Child Specific Exposure Factors Handbook. Report No. 600-P-002B. U.S. EPA: Washington, DC, 2002.
   Google Scholar
• United State Environmental Protection Agency. Protect Your Family from Sources of Lead. 2022. https://www.epa.gov/lead/protect-your-family-sources-lead (accessed Mar 20, 2022).
   Google Scholar
• Pelley, J. Dust, Unsettled. ACS Cent. Sci. 2017, 3, 5–9. https://cenm.ag/housedust. DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, C. H.; Yiin, L. M.; Lioy, P. J. The Bioaccessibility of Lead (Pb) from Vacuumed House Dust on Carpets in Urban Residences. Risk Anal 2006, 26, 125–134. DOI: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00710.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner, A.; Ip, K. H. Bioaccessibility of Metals in Dust from the Indoor Environment: Application of a Physiologically Based Extraction Test. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41, 7851–7856. DOI: 10.1021/es071194m.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hettiarachchi, G. M.; Pierzynski, G. M. Soil Lead Bioavailability and in Situ Remediation of Lead-Contaminated Soils: A Review. Environ. Prog. 2004, 23, 78–93. DOI: 10.1002/ep.10004.
   Google Scholar
• Kelley, M. E.; Brauning, S. E.; Schoof, R. A.; Ruby, M. V. Assessing Oral Bioavailabilty of Metals in Soil. Battelle Press: Columbus, OH, 2002, pp. 1–5.
   Google Scholar
• Gorkhali, R.; Huang, K.; Kirberger, M.; Yang, J. J. Defining Potential Roles of Pb(2+) in Neurotoxicity From a Calciomics Approach. Metallomics: Integra Biome Sci. 2016, 8, 563–578. DOI: 10.1039/C6MT00038J.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanders, T.; Liu, Y.; Buchner, V.; Tchounwou, P. Neurotoxic Effects and Biomarkers of Lead Exposure: A Review. Rev. Environ. Health 2009, 24, 15–45. DOI: 10.1515/reveh.2009.24.1.15.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pelfrêne, A.; Douay, F. Assessment of Oral and Lung Bioaccessibility of Cd and Pb from Smelter-Impacted Dust. Environ. Sci. Poll. Res. 2017, 25, 3718–3730. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0760-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruby, M. V.; Davis, A.; Link, T. E.; Schoof, R.; Chaney, R. L.; Freeman, G. B.; Bergstrom, P. Development of an in Vitro Screening Test to Evaluate the in Vivo Bioaccessibility of Ingested Mine-Waste Lead. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1993, 27, 2870–2877. DOI: 10.1021/es00049a030.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoof, R. A.; Butcher, M. K.; Sellstone, C.; Ball, R. W.; Fricke, J. R.; Keller, V.; Keehn, B. An Assessment of Lead Absorption from Soil Affected by Smelter Emissions. Environ. Geochem. Health 1995, 17, 189–199. DOI: 10.1007/BF00661331.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casteel, S. W.; Weis, C. P.; Henningsen, G. M.; Brattin, W. J. Estimation of Relative Bioavailability of Lead in Soil and Soil-Like Materials Using Young Swine. Environ. Health Persp. 2006, 114, 1162–1171. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.8852.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United States Environmental Protection Agency. Oswer 9285.7-77 2007, Estimation of relative bioavailability of lead in soil and soil-like materials using in vivo and in vitro methods. United States Environmental Protection Agency: Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. 2007. https://semspub.epa.gov/work/HQ/175416.pdf (accessed Jan 3, 2023).
   Google Scholar
• Drexler, J. W.; Brattin, W. J. An in Vitro Procedure for Estimation of Lead Relative Bioavailability: With Validation. Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. 2007, 13, 383–401. DOI: 10.1080/10807030701226350.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rasmussen, P. E.; Beauchemin, S.; Chénier, M.; Levesque, C.; MacLean, L. C. W.; Marro, L.; Jones-Otazo, H.; Petrovic, S.; McDonald, L. T.; Gardner, H. D. Canadian House Dust Study: Lead Bioaccessibility and Speciation. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 145, 4959–4965. DOI: 10.1021/es104056m.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denys, S.; Caboche, J.; Tack, K.; Delalain, P. Bioaccessibility of Lead in High Carbonate Soils. J. Environ. Sci. Health A: Tox. Hazard. Substit. Environ. Eng. 2007, 42, 1331–1339. DOI: 10.1080/10934520701435569.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, S. W.; Liu, X.; Sun, H. J.; Li, M. Y.; Zhao, D.; Luo, J.; Li, H. B.; Ma, L. Q. Effect of Phosphate Amendment on Relative Bioavailability and Bioaccessibility of Lead and Arsenic in Contaminated Soils. J. Hazard. Mater. 2017, 339, 256–263. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.06.040.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haque, E.; Jing, X.; Bostick, B. C.; Thorne, P. S. In Vitro and in Silico Bioaccessibility of Urban Dusts Contaminated by Multiple Legacy Sources of Lead (Pb). J. Hazard. Mater. Adv. 2022, 8, 100178. DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2022.100178.
   Google Scholar
• Sowers, T. D.; Nelson, C. M.; Diamond, G. L.; Blackmon, M. D.; Jerden, M. L.; Kirby, A. M.; Noerpel, M. R.; Scheckel, K. G.; Thomas, D. J.; Bradham, K. D. High Lead Bioavailability of Indoor Dust Contaminated with Paint Lead Species. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2021, 55, 402–411. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06908.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Attanayake, C. P.; Hettiarachchi, G. M.; Ma, Q.; Pierzynski, G. M.; Ransom, M. D. Lead Speciation and in Vitro Bioaccessibility of Compost-Amended Urban Garden Soils. J. Environ. Qual. 2017, 46, 1215–1224. DOI: 10.2134/jeq2017.02.0065.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheckel, K. G.; Diamond, G. L.; Burgess, M. F.; Klotzbach, J. M.; Maddaloni, M.; Miller, B. W.; Partridge, C. R.; Serda, S. M. Amending Soils with Phosphate as Means to Mitigate Soil Lead Hazard: A Critical Review of the State of the Science. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B: Crit. Rev. 2013, 16, 337–380. DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2013.825216.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karna, R.; Noerpel, M. P.; Nelson, C.; Elek, B.; Herbin-Davis, K.; Diamond, G.; Bradham, K.; Thomas, D. J.; Scheckel, K. G. Bioavailable Soil Pb Minimized by in Situ Transformation to Plumbojarosite. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2021, 118, 1–6. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2020315117.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosso, S. T.; Enzweiler, J.; Angelica, R. S. Lead Bioaccessibility in Soil and Mine Wastes after Immobilization with Phosphate. Water Air Soil Pollut. 2008, 195, 257–273. DOI: 10.1007/s11270-008-9744-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lanphear, B. P.; Weitzman, M.; Winter, N. L.; Eberly, S.; Yakir, B.; Tanner, M.; Emond, M.; Matte, T. D. Lead-Contaminated House Dust and Urban Children’s Blood Lead Levels. Am. J. Pub. Health 1996, 86, 1416–1421. DOI: 10.2105/ajph.86.10.1416.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oomen, A. G.; Rompelberg, C. J. M.; Bruil, M. A.; Dobbe, C. J. G.; Pereboom, D. P. K. H.; Sips, A. J. A. M. Development of an in Vitro Digestion Model for Estimating the Bioaccessibility of Soil Contaminants. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2003, 44, 281–287. DOI: 10.1007/s00244-002-1278-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mushak, P. Gastro-Intestinal Absorption of Lead in Children and Adults: Overview of Biological and Biophysico-Chemical Aspects. Chem. Spec. Bioava. 1991, 3, 87–104. 10.1080/09542299.1991.11083160. DOI: 10.1080/09542299.1991.11083160.
   Google Scholar
• Zia, M. H.; Codling, E. E.; Scheckel, K. G.; Chaney, R. L. In Vitro and in Vivo Approaches for the Measurement of Oral Bioavailability of Lead (Pb) in Contaminated Soils: A Review. Environ. Pollut. 2011, 159, 2320–2327. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.04.043.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradham, K. D.; Nelson, C. M.; Kelly, J.; Pomales, A.; Scruton, K.; Dignam, T.; Misenheimer, J. C.; Li, K.; Obenour, D. R.; Thomas, D. J. Relationship between Total and Bioaccessible Lead on Children’s Blood Lead Levels in Urban Residential Philadelphia Soils. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2017, 51, 10005–10011. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02058.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boros, K.; Fortin, D.; Jayawardene, I.; Chénier, M.; Levesque, C.; Rasmussen, P. E. Comparison of Gastric versus Gastrointestinal PBET Extractions for Estimating Oral Bioaccessibility of Metals in House Dust. IJERPH 2017, 14, 92. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14010092.
   Google Scholar
• Sowers, T. D.; Bone, S. E.; Noerpel, M. R.; Blackmon, M. D.; Karna, R. R.; Scheckel, K. G.; Juhasz, A. L.; Diamond, G. L.; Thomas, D. J.; Bradham, K. D. Plumbojarosite Remediation of Soil Affects Lead Speciation and Elemental Interactions in Soil and in Mice Tissues. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2021, 55, 15950–15960. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06908.https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c06908.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deshommes, E.; Tardif, R.; Edwards, M.; Sauvé, S.; Prévost, M. Experimental Determination of the Oral Bioavailability and Bioaccessibility of Lead Particles. Chem. Cent. J. 2012, 6, 138. DOI: 10.1186/1752-153X-6-138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henry, H.; Naujokas, M. F.; Attanayake, C.; Basta, N. T.; Cheng, Z.; Hettiarachchi, G. M.; Maddaloni, M.; Schadt, C.; Scheckel, K. G. Bioavailability-Based in Situ Remediation to Meet Future Lead (Pb) Standards in Urban Soils and Gardens. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2015, 49, 8948–8958. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01693.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, E.; Scheckel, K.; Miller, B. W.; Weber, J.; Juhasz, A. L. Influence of in Vitro Assay pH and Extractant Composition on as Bioaccessibility in Contaminated Soils. Sci. Total Environ. 2014, 473-474, 171–177. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.030.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United State Environmental Protection Agency. “Method 3051A (SW-846): Microwave Assisted Acid Digestion of Sediments, Sludges, and Oils,” Revision 1. Washington, DC. 2007. https://www.epa.gov/esam/us-epa-method-3051a-microwave-assisted-acid-digestion-sediments-sludges-and-oils (accessed Aug 2, 2019)
   Google Scholar
• United State Environmental Protection Agency. Guidance for the Sampling and Analysis of Lead in Indoor Residential Dust for Use in the Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic (IEUBK) Model, United States Environmental Protection Agency. Oswer 9285.7-81, https://semspub.epa.gov/work/HQ/174572.pdf. (accessed Apr 19, 2020), 2008.
   Google Scholar
• United State Environmental Protection Agency. Hazard Standards and Clearance Levels for Lead in Paint, Dust and Soil (TSCA Sections 402 and 403). US EPA/Lead paint program, Office of pollution prevention and toxics. Washington (accessed Jan 2, 2023), 2020
   Google Scholar
• American Society for Testing and Materials. ASTM E 1728: “Standard Practice for Field Collection of Settled Dust Samples Using Wipe Sampling Methods for Subsequent Lead Determination, 2021” http://www.astm.org/Standards/E1728.htm. (accessed Mar 9, 2020).
   Google Scholar
• United State Environmental Protection Agency. Method 1340: In Vitro Bioaccessibility Assay for Lead in Soil. SW-846 hazardous waste test methods. https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2017-03/documents/method_1340_update_vi_final_3-22-17.pdf (accessed 21 Feb. 2023).
   Google Scholar
• Ruby, M. V.; Davis, A.; Schoof, R.; Eberle, S.; Sellstone, C. M. Estimation of Lead and Arsenic Bioavailability Using a Physiologically Based Extraction Test. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1996, 30, 422–−430. DOI: 10.1021/es950057z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Attanayake, C. P.; Hettiarachchi, G. M.; Harms, A.; Presley, D.; Martin, S.; Pierzynski, G. M. Field Evaluations on Soil Plant Transfer of Lead from an Urban Garden Soil. J Environ Qual 2014, 43, 475–487. DOI: 10.2134/jeq2013.07.0273.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obrycki, J. F.; Basta, N. T.; Scheckel, K.; Stevens, B. N.; Minca, K. K. Phosphorus Amendment Efficacy for in Situ Remediation of Soil Lead Depends on the Bioaccessible Method. J. Environ. Qual. 2016, 45, 37–44. DOI: 10.2134/jeq2015.05.0244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, S. L.; Chaney, R. L. A Rapid in-Vitro Procedure to Characterize the Effectiveness of a Variety of in-Situ Lead Remediation Technologies. In Proc. of the 4th Int. Conf. on the Bio-Geochemistry of Trace Elements; Iskandar, I. K.; Hardy, S. E.; Chang, A. C.; Pierzynski G. M. Eds.; U.S. Army Cold Regions Res. and Eng. Lab.: Berkeley, CA. 23–26 June 1997.
   Google Scholar
• American Society for Testing and Materials. ASTM E 1644 -17 Standard Practice for Hot Plate Digestion of Dust Wipe Samples for the Determination of Lead. 2021, American Society of Testing and Materials: Philadelphia, PA.
   Google Scholar
• International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, No. 87. IARC working group on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. 2006, International Agency for Research on Cancer: Lyon. https://monographs.iarc.who.int/. (accessed May 12, 2022).
   Google Scholar
• Scheckel, K. G.; Ryan, J. A.; Allen, D.; Lescano, N. V. Determining Speciation of Pb in Phosphate-Amended Soils: Method Limitations. Sci. Total Environ. 2005, 350, 261–272. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.01.020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kastury, F.; Smith, E.; Lombi, E.; Donnelley, M. W.; Cmielewski, P. L.; Parsons, D. W.; Noerpel, M.; Scheckel, K. G.; Kingston, A. M.; Myers, G. R.; et al. Dynamics of Lead Bioavailability and Speciation in Indoor Dust and X-Ray Spectroscopic Investigation of the Link between Ingestion and Inhalation Pathways. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2019, 53, 11486–11495. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03249.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, S.; Chaney, R.; Hallfrisch, J.; Ryan, J. A.; Berti, W. R. In Situ Soil Treatments to Reduce the Phyto- and Bioavailability of Lead, Zinc, and Cadmium. J. Environ. Qual. 2004, 33, 522–531. DOI: 10.2134/jeq2003.1000.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, H. B.; Cui, X. Y.; Li, K.; Li, J.; Juhasz, A. L.; Ma, L. Q. Assessment of in Vitro Lead Bioaccessibility in House Dust and Its Relationship to in Vivo Lead Relative Bioavailability. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48, 8548–8555. DOI: 10.1021/es501899j.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armstrong, D. Review Article: Gastric pH - the Most Relevant Predictor of Benefit in Reflux Disease? Aliment Pharmacol. Ther. 2004, 20, 19–26. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.02140.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tutuian, R.; Katz, P. O.; Bochenek, W.; Castell, D. O. Dose-Dependent Control of Intragastric pH by Pantoprazole, 10, 20 or 40 Mg, in Healthy Volunteers. Aliment Pharmacol. Ther. 2002, 16, 829–836. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2002.01232.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, J. Q.; Goldwater, D. R.; Thomson, A. B. R.; Appelman, S. A.; Sridhar, S.; James, C. F.; Chiu, Y. L.; Pilmer, B. L.; Keith, R. G.; Hunt, R. H. Acid Suppression in Healthy Subjects following Lansoprazole or Pantoprazole. Aliment Pharmacol. Ther. 2002, 16, 425–433. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2007.00909.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crawford, M.; Lerman, J.; Christensen, S.; Farrow-Gillespie, A. Effects of Duration of Fasting on Gastric Fluid pH and Volume in Healthy Children. Anesth. Analg. 1990, 71, 400–403. DOI: 10.1213/00000539-199010000-00014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Razak, M. A.; Begum, P. S.; Viswanath, B.; Rajagopal, S. Multifarious Beneficial Effect of Nonessential Amino Acid, Glycine: A Review. Oxid. Med. Cell Longev. 2017, 2017, 1716701. DOI: 10.1155/2017/1716701.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pikal-Cleland, K. A.; Cleland, J. L.; Anchordoquy, T. J.; Carpenter, J. F. Effect of Glycine on pH Changes and Protein Stability during Freeze-Thawing in Phosphate Buffer Systems. J. Pharm. Sci. 2002, 91, 1969–1979. DOI: 10.1002/jps.10184.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, D. D.; Schricker, B. R.; Rasmussen, R. R.; Van Campen, D. An in Vitro Method for Estimation of Iron Availability from Meals. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1981, 34, 2248–2256. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/34.10.2248.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "pepsin". Encyclopedia Britannica, 3 Jul. 2020, https://www.britannica.com/science/pepsin. (accessed Jan 10 2022).
   Google Scholar
• Yang, K.; Cattle, S. R. Bioaccessibility of Lead in Urban Soil of Broken Hill, Australia: A Study Based on in Vitro Digestion and the IEUBK Model. Sci. Total Environ. 2015, 538, 922–933. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.084.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero, F. M.; Villalobos, M.; Aguirre, R.; Gutiérrez, M. E. Solid-Phase Control on Lead Bioaccessibility in Smelter-Impacted Soils. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2008, 55, 566–575. DOI: 10.1007/s00244-008-9152-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, J.; Mosby, D. E.; Casteel, S. W.; Blanchar, R. W. In Vitro Lead Bioaccessibility and Phosphate Leaching as Affected by Surface Application of Phosphoric Acid in Lead-Contaminated Soil. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2002, 43, 399–405. DOI: 10.1007/s00244-002-1197-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar