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Original Articles

High levels of exposure to vanadium by children aged 1–4

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Pages 2359-2371 | Received 17 Jun 1993, Accepted 16 Jul 1993, Published online: 15 Dec 2008

References

  • Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) . 1992 . Toxicological Profile for Vanadium Atlanta, GA
  • Byrne , A.R. and Kosta , L. 1978 . Vanadium in foods and in human body fluids and tissues . Sci. Total. Environ. , 10 : 17 – 30 .
  • Calabrese , E.J. , Barnes , R. , Stanek , E.J. , Pastides , H. , Gilbert , C.E. , Veneman , P. , Wang , X. , Lasztity , A. and Kostecki , P.T. 1989 . How much soil do young children ingest: An epidemiologic study . Reg. Toxic. and Pharm. , 10 : 123 – 137 .
  • Myron , D.R. , Zimmerman , T.J. , Shuler , T.R. , Klevay , L.M. , Lee , D.E. and Nielsen , F.H. 1978 . Intake of nickel and vanadium by humans. A survey of selected diets . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 31 : 527 – 531 .
  • Stanek , E.J. , Calabrese , E.J. , Barnes , R.M. , Keegan , E. , Lasxtity , A. , Wang , X. , Gilbert , C. , Pastides , H. and Kostecki , P.T. 1988 . Ingestion of trace elements from food among preschool children: Al, Ba, Mn, Si, Ti, V, Y, and Zr . J. Trace Elements Exper. Med. , 1 : 179 – 190 .
  • Vouk , V.B. 1979 . “ Vanadium ” . In Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals , Edited by: Friberg , L. , Nordberg , G.R. and Vouk , V.B. 659 – 674 . New York : Elsevier North Holland .
  • WHO . 1988 . “ Vanadium ” . In Environmental Health Criteria 81 , Geneva, , Switzerland : World Health Organization .

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