The possible impacts of nano and microplastics on human health: lessons from experimental models across multiple organs

References

• Abbasi, S., B. Keshavarzi, F. Moore, A. Turner, F. J. Kelly, A. O. Dominguez, and N. Jaafarzadeh. 2019. “Distribution and Potential Health Impacts of Microplastics and Microrubbers in Air and Street Dusts from Asaluyeh County. Iran.” Environmental Pollution 244:153–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.039.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akhmedov, A., T. Sawamura, C. H. Chen, S. Kraler, D. Vdovenko, and T. F. Lüscher. 2021. “Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1): A crucial driver of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.” European Heart Journal 42 (18): 1797–1807. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa770.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alaraby, M., A. Villacorta, D. Abass, A. Hernández, and R. Marcos. 2023. “The Hazardous Impact of True-To-Life PET Nanoplastics in Drosophila.” Science of the Total Environment 863:160954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160954.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alimba, C. G., C. Faggio, S. Sivanesan, A. L. Ogunkanmi, and K. Krishnamurthi. 2021. “Micro (Nano)-Plastics in the Environment and Risk of Carcinogenesis: Insight into Possible Mechanisms.” Journal of Hazardous Materials 416:126143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126143.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amato-Lourenço, L. F., N. S. X. Costa, K. C. Dantas, L. S. Galvão, F. N. Moralles, S. C. F. S. Lombardi, A. M. Júnior, et al. 2022. “Airborne Microplastics and SARS-CoV-2 in Total Suspended Particles in the Area Surrounding the Largest Medical Centre in Latin America.” Environmental Pollution 292:118299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118299.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amato-Lourenço, L. F., L. S. Galvão, L. A. Weger, P. S. Hiemstra, M. G. Vijver, and T. Mauad. 2020. “An Emerging Class of Air Pollutants: Potential Effects of Microplastics to Respiratory Human Health?” Science of the Total Environment 749:141676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141676.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amato-Lourenço, L. F., R. C. Oliveira, G. R. Júnior, L. S. Galvão, R. A. Ando, and T. Mauad. 2021. “Presence of Airborne Microplastics in Human Lung Tissue.” Journal of Hazardous Materials 416:126124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amereh, F., M. Babaei, A. Eslami, S. Fazelipour, and M. Rafiee. 2020. “The Emerging Risk of Exposure to Nano(micro)plastics on Endocrine Disturbance and Reproductive Toxicity: From a Hypothetical Scenario to a Global Public Health Challenge.” Environmental Pollution 261:114158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amereh, F., A. Eslami, S. Fazelipour, M. Rafiee, M. I. Zibaii, and M. Babaei. 2019. “Thyroid endocrine status and biochemical stress responses in adult male Wistar rats chronically exposed to pristine polystyrene nanoplastics.” Toxicology Research 8 (6): 953–963. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9tx00147f.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrady, A. L. 2011. “Microplastics in the marine environment.” Marine Pollution Bulletin 62 (8): 1596–1605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.05.030.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Annangi, B., A. Villacorta, M. L. Mesas, V. F. Cebrian, R. Marcos, and A. Hernández. 2023. “Hazard Assessment of Polystyrene Nanoplastics in Primary Human Nasal Epithelial Cells, Focusing on the Autophagic Effects.” Biomolecules 13 (2): 220. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13020220.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• An, R., X. Wang, L. Yang, J. Zhang, N. Wang, F. Xu, Y. Hou, H. Zhang, and L. Zhang. 2021. “Polystyrene Microplastics Cause Granulosa Cells Apoptosis and Fibrosis in Ovary Through Oxidative Stress in Rats.” Toxicology 449:152665. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2020.152665.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arriagada, D. C. 2021. “Elucidating the Co-Transport of Bisphenol a with Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Nanoplastics: A Theoretical Study of the Adsorption Mechanism.” Environmental Pollution 270:116192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116192.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atanasova, N., S. Stoitsova, T. Paunova-Krasteva, and M. Kambourova. 2021. “Plastic Degradation by Extremophilic Bacteria.” International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22 (11): 5610. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115610.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babaei, A. A., M. Rafiee, F. Khodagholi, E. Ahmadpour, and F. Amereh. 2022. “Nanoplastics-Induced Oxidative Stress, Antioxidant Defense, and Physiological Response in Exposed Wistar Albino Rats.” Environmental Science and Pollution Research 29 (8): 11332–11344. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15920-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bai, Z., N. Wang, and M. Wang. 2021. “Effects of Microplastics on Marine Copepods.” Ecotoxicol Environ Safety 217:112243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112243.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balasch, J. C., I. Brandts, C. Barría, M. A. Martins, A. Tvarijonaviciute, L. Tort, M. Oliveira, and M. Teles. 2021. “Short-Term Exposure to Polymethylmethacrylate Nanoplastics Alters Muscle Antioxidant Response, Development and Growth in Sparus Aurata.” Marine Pollution Bulletin 172:112918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112918.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ban, M., R. Shimoda, and J. Chen. 2021. “Investigation of Nanoplastic Cytotoxicity Using SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cells and Polystyrene Nanoparticles.” Toxicology in Vitro: An International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA 76:105225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barboza, L. G. A., C. Lopes, P. Oliveira, F. Bessa, V. Otero, B. Henriques, J. Raimundo, M. Caetano, C. Vale, and L. Guilhermino. 2020. “Microplastics in Wild Fish from North East Atlantic Ocean and Its Potential for Causing Neurotoxic Effects, Lipid Oxidative Damage, and Human Health Risks Associated with Ingestion Exposure.” Science of the Total Environment 717:134625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134625.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barboza, L. G. A., A. D. Vethaak, B. R. B. O. Lavorante, A. K. Lundebye, and L. Guilhermino. 2018. “Marine Microplastic Debris: An Emerging Issue for Food Security, Food Safety and Human Health.” Marine Pollution Bulletin 133:336–348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.05.047.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrowclough, D., and C. D. Birkbeck. 2022. “Transforming the Global Plastics Economy: The Role of Economic Policies in the Global Governance of Plastic Pollution.” Social Sciences 11 (1): 26. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11010026.
   Google Scholar
• Basini, G., S. Bussolati, L. Andriani, S. Grolli, R. Ramoni, S. Bertini, T. Iemmi, A. Menozzi, P. Berni, and F. Grasselli. 2021. “Nanoplastics impair in vitro swine granulosa cell functions.” Domestic Animal Endocrinology 76:106611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.domaniend.2021.106611.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergmann, M., L. Gutow, and M. Klages. 2015. Marine Anthropogenic Litter;. Cham, Switzerland: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Bertoldi, C., L. Z. Lara, F. A. L. Mizushima, F. C. G. Martins, M. A. Battisti, R. Hinrichs, and A. N. Fernandes. 2021. “First Evidence of Microplastic Contamination in the Freshwater of Lake Guaíba, Porto Alegre, Brazil.” Science of the Total Environment 10 (759): 143503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143503.
   Google Scholar
• Bi, F., C. Huang, J. Tong, G. Qiu, B. Huang, Q. Wu, F. Li, et al. 2013. “Reactive astrocytes secrete lcn2 to promote neuron death.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110 (10): 4069–4074. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1218497110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackburn, K., and D. Green. 2022. “The Potential Effects of Microplastics on Human Health: What Is Known and What Is Unknown.” AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment 51 (3): 518–530. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-021-01589-9.
   Google Scholar
• Bojic, S., M. M. Falco, P. Stojkovic, B. Ljujic, M. G. Jankovic, L. Armstrong, N. Markovic, et al. 2020. “Platform to Study Intracellular Polystyrene Nanoplastic Pollution and Clinical Outcomes.” Stem Cells 38 (10): 1321–1325. https://doi.org/10.1002/stem.3244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brandts, I., J. C. Balasch, A. P. Gonçalves, M. A. Martins, M. L. Pereira, A. Tvarijonaviciute, M. Teles, and M. Oliveira. 2021. “Immuno-Modulatory Effects of Nanoplastics and Humic Acids in the European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax).” Journal of Hazardous Materials 414:125562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125562.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brun, N. R., P. V. Hage, E. R. Hunting, A. P. G. Haramis, S. C. Vink, M. G. Vijver, M. J. M. Schaaf, and C. Tudorache. 2019. “Polystyrene Nanoplastics Disrupt Glucose Metabolism and Cortisol Levels with a Possible Link to Behavioural Changes in Larval Zebrafish.” Communications Biology 2 (1): 382. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-019-0629-6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Burgos-Aceves, M. A., C. Faggio, M. Betancourt-Lozano, D. J. González-Mille, and C. A. Ilizaliturri-Hernández. 2022. “Ecotoxicological perspectives of microplastic pollution in amphibians.” Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B 25 (8): 405–421. https://doi.org/10.1080/10937404.2022.2140372.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cai, H., E. G. Xu, F. Du, R. Li, J. Liu, and H. Shi. 2021. “Analysis of Environmental Nanoplastics: Progress and Challenges.” Chemical Engineering Journal 410:128208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.128208.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cannata, D., A. Vijayakumar, Y. Fierz, and D. LeRoith. 2010. “The GH/IGF-1 Axis in Growth and Development: New Insights Derived from Animal Models.” Advances in Pediatrics 57 (1): 331–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yapd.2010.09.003.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cárdenas, A. M., A. V. G. Moroney, F. N. A. M. Van Pelt, J. O’Halloran, and M. A. K. Jansen. 2022. “Trophic Transfer of Microplastics in a Model Freshwater Microcosm; Lack of a Consumer Avoidance Response.” Food Webs 31:e00228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fooweb.2022.e00228.
   Google Scholar
• Carrasco-Navarro, V., A. Nuutinen, J. Sorvari, and J. V. K. Kukkonen. 2022. “Toxicity of Tire Rubber Microplastics to Freshwater Sediment Organisms.” Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 82 (2): 180–190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-021-00905-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, H., D. Wang, W. Xia, X. Pan, W. Huo, S. Xu, and Y. Li. 2016. “Epigenetic Disruption and Glucose Homeostasis Changes Following Low-Dose Maternal Bisphenol a Exposure.” Toxicological Research 5 (5): 1400–1409. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6tx00047a.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, S., Y. Chen, Y. Gao, B. Han, T. Wang, H. Dong, and L. Chen. 2023b. “Toxic Effects and Mechanisms of Nanoplastics on Embryonic Brain Development Using Brain Organoids Model.” Science of the Total Environment 15 (904): 166913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166913.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, Y. C., K. F. Chen, K. Y. A. Lin, J. K. Chen, X. Y. Jiang, and C. H. Lin. 2023a. “Evaluation of Toxicity of Polystyrene Microplastics Under Realistic Exposure Levels in Human Vascular Endothelial EA.Hy926 Cells.” Chemosphere 313:137582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137582.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chenet, T., A. Mancia, G. Bono, F. Falsone, D. Scannella, C. Vaccaro, A. Baldi, M. Catani, A. Cavazzini, and L. Pasti. 2021. “Plastic Ingestion by Atlantic Horse Mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) from Central Mediterranean Sea: A Potential Cause for Endocrine Disruption.” Environmental Pollution 284:117449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117449.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, Y., S. Yang, L. Yin, Y. Pu, and G. Liang. 2023. “Recent Consequences of Micro-Nanaoplastics (MNPLs) in Subcellular/Molecular Environmental Pollution Toxicity on Human and Animals.” Ecotoxicol Environ Safety 249:114385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114385.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, W., Y. Zhou, Y. Xie, Y. Li, R. Zhou, H. Wang, Y. Feng, and Y. Wang. 2022. “Combined Effect of Polystyrene Microplastics and Bisphenol a on the Human Embryonic Stem Cells-Derived Liver Organoids: The Hepatotoxicity and Lipid Accumulation.” Science of the Total Environment 1 (854): 158585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158585.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, X., L. B. Peng, D. Wang, Q. L. Zhu, and J. L. Zheng. 2022b. “Combined Effects of Polystyrene Microplastics and Cadmium on Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and GH/IGF Axis in Zebrafish Early Life Stages.” Science of the Total Environment 20 (813): 152514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152514.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, Q., X. Zhang, Q. Xie, Y. H. Lee, J. S. Lee, and H. Shi. 2021. “Microplastics Habituated with Biofilm Change Decabrominated Diphenyl Ether Degradation Products and Thyroid Endocrine Toxicity.” Ecotoxicol Environ Safety 228:112991. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112991.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, X., J. Zhuang, Q. Chen, L. Xu, X. Yue, and D. Qiao. 2022a. “Polyvinyl Chloride Microplastics Induced Gut Barrier Dysfunction, Microbiota Dysbiosis and Metabolism Disorder in Adult Mice.” Ecotoxicol Environ Safety 241:113809. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113809.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Çobanoğlu, H., M. Belivermiş, E. Sıkdokur, Ö. Kılıç, and A. Çayır. 2021. “Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Effects of Polyethylene Microplastics on Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes.” Chemosphere 272:129805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129805.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conkle, J. L., C. D. B. Del Valle, and J. W. Turner. 2018. “Are we underestimating microplastic contamination in aquatic environments?” Environmental Management 61 (1): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-017-0947-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox, K. D., G. A. Covernton, H. L. Davies, J. F. Dower, F. Juanes, and S. E. Dudas. 2019. “Human Consumption of Microplastics.” Environmental Science & Technology 53 (12): 7068–7074. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b01517.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Angelo, S., and R. Meccariello. 2021. “A Threat for Male Fertility.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18 (5): 2392. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052392.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daniel, D. B., P. M. Ashraf, and S. N. Thomas. 2020. “Microplastics in the Edible and Inedible Tissues of Pelagic Fishes Sold for Human C Onsumption in Kerala, India.” Environmental Pollution 266:115365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115365.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demir, E. 2021. “Adverse Biological Effects of Ingested Polystyrene Microplastics Using Drosophila Melanogaster As a Model In Vivo Organism.” Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A 84 (16): 649–660. https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2021.1913684.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demir, E., and F. T. Demir. 2023. “Drosophila melanogaster as a dynamic in vivo model organism reveals the hidden effects of interactions between microplastic/nanoplastic and heavy metals.” Journal of Applied Toxicology 43 (2): 212–219. https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.4353.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deng, Y., Y. Zhang, B. Lemos, and H. Ren. 2017. “Tissue Accumulation of Microplastics in Mice and Biomarker Responses Suggest Widespread Health Risks of Exposure.” Scientific Reports 7 (1): 46687. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep46687.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Desai, P., R. R. Patlolla, and M. Singh. 2010. “Interaction of Nanoparticles and Cell-Penetrating Peptides with Skin for Transdermal Drug Delivery.” Molecular Membrane Biology 27 (7): 247–59. https://doi.org/10.3109/09687688.2010.522203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimitriadi, A., C. Papaefthimiou, E. Genizegkini, I. Sampsonidis, S. Kalogiannis, K. Feidantsis, D. C. Bobori, et al. 2021. “Adverse Effects Polystyrene Microplastics Exert on Zebrafish Heart – Molecular to Individual Level.” Journal of Hazardous Materials 416:125969. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125969.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding, Y., R. Zhang, B. Li, Y. Du, J. Li, X. Tong, Y. Wu, X. Ji, and Y. Zhang. 2021. “Tissue Distribution of Polystyrene Nanoplastics in Mice and Their Entry, Transport, and Cytotoxicity to Ges-1 Cells.” Environmental Pollution 280:116974. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116974.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duan, Z., X. Duan, S. Zhao, X. Wang, J. Wang, Y. Liu, Y. Peng, Z. Gong, and L. Wang. 2020. “Barrier Function of Zebrafish Embryonic Chorions Against Microplastics and Nanoplastics and Its Impact on Embryo Development.” Journal of Hazardous Materials 395:122621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122621.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eriksen, M., L. C. M. Lebreton, H. S. Carson, M. Thiel, C. J. Moore, J. C. Borerro, F. Galgani, P. G. Ryan, and J. Reisser, Dam, H G. 2014. “Plastic Pollution in the world’s Oceans: More Than 5 Trillion Plastic Pieces Weighing Over 250,000 Tons Afloat at Sea.” PloS ONE 9:e111913. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0111913. 12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan, X., X. Wei, H. Hu, B. Zhang, D. Yang, H. Du, R. Zhu, X. Sun, Y. Oh, and N. Gu. 2022a. “Effects of Oral Administration of Polystyrene Nanoplastics on Plasma Glucose Metabolism in Mice.” Chemosphere 288:132607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132607.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan, Z., T. Xiao, H. Luo, D. Chen, K. Lu, W. Shi, C. Sun, and Q. Bian. 2022b. “A Study on the Roles of Long Non-Coding RNA and Circular RNA in the Pulmonary Injuries Induced by Polystyrene Microplastics.” Environment International 163:107223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2022.107223.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng, Y., H. Yuan, W. Wang, Y. Xu, J. Zhang, H. Xu, and F. Fu. 2022. “Co-Exposure to Polystyrene Microplastics and Lead Aggravated Ovarian Toxicity in Female Mice via the PERK/eIf2α Signaling Pathway.” Ecotoxicol Environ Safety 243:113966. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113966.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fenichel, P., N. Chevalier, and F. B. Davis. 2013. “Bisphenol A: An endocrine and metabolic disruptor.” Annales d’endocrinologie 74 (3): 211–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ando.2013.04.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferraz, M., A. L. Bauer, V. H. Valiati, and U. H. Schulz. 2020. “Microplastic Concentrations in Raw and Drinking Water in the Sinos River, Southern Brazil.” Water 12 (11): 3115. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12113115.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferreira, P., E. Fonte, M. E. Soares, F. Carvalho, and L. Guilhermino. 2016. “Effects of Multistressors on Juveniles of the Marine Fish Pomatoschistus microps: Gold Nanoparticles, Microplastics and Temperature.” Aquatic Toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 170:89–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.11.011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonte, E., P. Ferreira, and L. Guilhermino. 2016. “Temperature Rise and Microplastics Interact with the Toxicity of the Antibiotic Cefalexin to Juveniles of the Common Goby (Pomatoschistus microps): Post-Exposure Predatory Behaviour, Acetylcholinesterase Activity and Lipid Peroxidation.” Aquatic Toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 180:173–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.09.015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forest, V., and J. Pourchez. 2023. “Can the Impact of Micro- and Nanoplastics on Human Health Really Be Assessed Using in vitro Models? A Review of Methodological Issues.” Environment International 178:108115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2023.108115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gasperi, J., S. L. Wright, R. Dris, F. Collard, C. Mandin, M. Guerrouache, V. Langlois, F. J. Kelly, and B. Tassin. 2018. “Microplastics in Air: Are We Breathing it In?” Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health 1:1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coesh.2017.10.002.
   Google Scholar
• Gewert, B., M. M. Plassmann, and M. MacLeod. 2015. “Pathways for Degradation of Plasticpolymers Floating in the Marine Environment.” Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 17 (9): 1513–1521. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5em00207a.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gigault, J., A. T. Halle, M. Baudrimont, P. Y. Pascal, F. Gauffre, T. L. Phi, H. E. Hadri, B. Grassl, and S. Reynaud. 2018. “Current Opinion: What Is a Nanoplastic?” Environmental Pollution 235:1030–1034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.024.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonçalves, J. M., and M. J. Bebianno. 2021. “Nanoplastics Impact on Marine Biota: A Review.” Environmental Pollution 273:116426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116426.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodman, K. E., J. T. Hare, Z. I. Khamis, T. Hua, and Q. X. A. Sang. 2021. “Exposure of Human Lung Cells to Polystyrene Microplastics Significantly Retards Cell Proliferation and Triggers Morphological Changes.” Chemical Research in Toxicology 34 (4): 1069–1081. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00486.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodman, K. E., T. Hua, and Q. X. A. Sang. 2022. “Effects of Polystyrene Microplastics on Human Kidney and Liver Cell Morphology, Cellular Proliferation, and Metabolism.” American Chemical Society Omega 7 (38): 34136–34153. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c03453.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Haddadi, A., K. Kessabi, S. Boughammoura, M. B. Rhouma, R. Mlouka, M. Banni, and I. Messaoudi. 2022. “Exposure to Microplastics Leads to a Defective Ovarian Function and Change in Cytoskeleton Protein Expression in Rat.” Environmental Science and Pollution Research 29 (23): 34594–34606. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-18218-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamed, M., H. A. M. Soliman, A. G. M. Osman, and A. E. D. H. Sayed. 2019. “Assessment the Effect of Exposure to Microplastics in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Early Juvenile: I. Blood Biomarkers.” Chemosphere 228:345–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hecker, L. 2018. “Mechanisms and Consequences of Oxidative Stress in Lung Disease: Therapeutic Implications for an Aging Populace.” American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 314 (4): L642–L653. ht tps://d oi.org/ajplung.00275.2017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He, B., C. Shi, B. Chen, H. Wu, A. Goonetilleke, and N. Liu. 2023. “Occurrence and Risk Associated with Urban Road-Deposited Microplastics.” Journal of Hazardous Materials 459:132012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hesler, M., L. Aengenheister, B. Ellinger, R. Drexel, S. Straskraba, C. Jost, S. Wagner, et al. 2019. “Multi-Endpoint Toxicological Assessment of Polystyrene Nano- and Microparticles in Different Biological Models In Vitro.” Toxicology in Vitro: An International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA 61:104610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104610.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horvatits, T., M. Tamminga, B. Liu, M. Sebode, A. Carambia, L. Fischer, K. Puschel, S. Huber, and E. K. Fische. 2022. “Microplastics Detected in Cirrhotic Liver Tissue.” E Bio Medicine 82:104147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104147.
   Google Scholar
• Hou, B., F. Wang, T. Liu, and Z. Wang. 2021. “Reproductive Toxicity of Polystyrene Microplastics: In Vivo Experimental Study on Testicular Toxicity in Mice.” Journal of Hazardous Materials 405:124028. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124028.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, M., and D. Palić. 2020. “Micro-And Nano-Plastics Activation of Oxidative and Inflammatory Adverse Outcome Pathways.” Redox Biology 37:101620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2020.101620.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ibeh, C. C. 2011. Thermoplastic Materials: Properties, Manufacturing Methods, and Applications. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ijaz, M. U., S. Shahzadi, A. Samad, N. Ehsan, H. Ahmed, A. Tahir, H. Rehman, and H. Anwar. 2021. “Dose-Dependent Effect of Polystyrene Microplastics on the Testicular Tissues of the Male Sprague Dawley Rats.” Dose Response 19 (2): 15593258211019882. https://doi.org/10.1177/1593258211019882.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ilechukwu, I., B. E. Ehigiator, I. O. Bem, C. J. Okonkwo, O. S. Olorunfemi, U. E. Modo, C. E. Ilechukwu, and N. J. Ohagwa. 2022. “Chronic Toxic Effects of Polystyrene Microplastics on Reproductive Parameters of Male Rats.” Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology 37 (2): e2022015–0. https://doi.org/10.5620/eaht.2022015.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jakubowska, M., M. Białowąs, M. Stankevičiūtė, A. Chomiczewska, S. KJ, J. Pažusienė, A. Hallmann, A. Bučaitė, and B. U. Malinga. 2022. “Effects of Different Types of Primary Microplastics on Early Life Stages of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).” Science of the Total Environment 808:151909. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151909.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jakubowska, M., M. Białowąs, M. Stankevičiūtė, A. Chomiczewska, J. Pažusienė, K. J. Sobuś, A. Hallmann, and B. U. Malinga. 2020. “Effects of Chronic Exposure To Microplastics of Different Polymer Types on Early Life Stages of Sea Trout Salmo Trutta.” Science of the Total Environment 740:139922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139922.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jenner, L. C., J. M. Rotchell, R. T. Bennett, M. Cowen, V. Tentzeris, and L. R. Sadofsky. 2022. “Detection of Microplastics in Human Lung Tissue Using Μftir Spectroscopy.” Science of the Total Environment 831:154907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154907.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeong, B., J. Y. Baek, J. Koo, S. Park, Y. K. Ryu, K. S. Kim, S. Zhang, et al. 2022. “Maternal Exposure to Polystyrene Nanoplastics Causes Brain Abnormalities in Progeny.” Journal of Hazardous Materials 426:127815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127815.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeong, C. B., H. M. Kang, M. C. Lee, D. H. Kim, J. Han, D. S. Hwang, S. Souissi, et al. 2017. “Adverse Effects of Microplastics and Oxidative Stress-Induced MAPK/Nrf2 Pathway-Mediated Defense Mechanisms in the Marine Copepod Paracyclopina Nana.” Scientific Reports 7 (1): 41323. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep41323.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jiménez-Arroyo, C., A. Tamargo, N. Molinero, and M. V. M. Arribas. 2023. “The Gut Microbiota, a Key to Understanding the Health Implications of Micro(nano)plastics and Their Biodegradation.” Microbial Biotechnology 16 (1): 34–53. https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.14182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jin, Y., L. Lu, W. Tu, T. Luo, and Z. Fu. 2019. “Impacts of Polystyrene Microplastic on the Gut Barrier, Microbiota and Metabolism of Mice.” Science of the Total Environment 649:308–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.353.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung, B. K., S. W. Han, S. H. Park, J. S. Bae, J. Choi, and K. Y. Ryu. 2020. “Neurotoxic Potential of Polystyrene Nanoplastics in Primary Cells Originating from Mouse Brain.” Neurotoxicology 81:189–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2020.10.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasselman, L. J., N. A. Vernice, J. DeLeon, and A. B. Reiss. 2018. “The Gut Microbiome and Elevated Cardiovascular Risk in Obesity and Autoimmunity.” Atherosclerosis 271:203–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.02.036.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kauts, S., Y. Mishra, S. Yousuf, R. Bhardwaj, S. K. Singh, F. M. Alshabrmi, M. Abdurahman, E. Vamanu, and M. P. Singh. 2023. “Toxicological Profile of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Microplastic in Ingested Drosophila Melanogaster (Oregon R+) and Its Adverse Effect on Behavior and Development.” Toxics 11 (9): 782. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11090782.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kedzierski, M., B. Lechat, O. Sire, G. Le Maguer, V. Le Tilly, and S. Bruzaud. 2020. “Microplastic Contamination of Packaged Meat: Occurrence and Associated Risks.” Food Packaging and Shelf Life 24:100489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpsl.2020.100489.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kholy, S., and Y. Naggar. 2023. “Exposure to Polystyrene Microplastic Beads Causes Sex-Specific Toxic Effects in the Model Insect Drosophila Melanogaster.” Scientific Reports 13 (1): 204. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-27284-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kutralam-Muniasamy, G., V. C. Shruti, F. Pérez-Guevara, and P. D. Roy. 2023. “Microplastic Diagnostics in Humans: “The 3Ps” Progress, Problems, and Prospects.” Science of the Total Environment 856:159164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159164.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leko, M. B., I. Gunjača, N. Pleić, and T. Zemunik. 2021. “Environmental Factors Affecting Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone and Thyroid Hormone Levels.” International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22 (12): 6521. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22126521.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leslie, H. A., M. J. M. Velzen, S. H. Brandsma, A. D. Vethaak, J. J. G. Vallejo, and M. H. Lamoree. 2022. “Discovery and Quantification of Plastic Particle Pollution in Human Blood.” Environment International 163:107199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2022.107199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang, B., Y. Zhong, Y. Huang, X. Lin, J. Liu, L. Lin, M. Hu, et al. 2021. “Underestimated Health Risks: Polystyrene Micro- and Nanoplastics Jointly Induce Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction by Ros-Mediated Epithelial Cell Apoptosis.” Particle and Fibre Toxicology 18 (1): 20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12989-021-00414-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Y., M. Guo, S. Niu, M. Shang, X. Chang, Z. Sun, R. Zhang, X. Shen, and Y. Xue. 2023c. “ROS and DRP1 Interactions Accelerate the Mitochondrial Injury Induced by Polystyrene Nanoplastics in Human Liver HepG2 Cells.” Chemico-Biological Interactions 379:110502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110502.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, C., X. Huang, W. Min, H. Zhong, X. Yan, Y. Gao, J. Wang, H. Zhou, and B. Yan. 2023b. “Inflammatory Responses Induced by Synergistic Actions Between Nanoplastics and Typical Heavy Metal Ions in Human Cells.” Environmental Science: Nano 10 (6): 1599–1613. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2EN01097F.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, S., J. I. Keenan, C. I. Shaw, and F. A. Frizelle. 2023a. “Could Microplastics Be a Driver for Early Onset Colorectal Cancer?” Cancers (Basel) 15 (13): 3323. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15133323.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, Z., T. Jin, T. Zou, L. Xu, B. Xi, D. Xu, J. He, et al. 2022b. “Current Progress on Plastic/Microplastic Degradation: Fact Influences and Mechanism.” Environmental Pollution 304:119159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119159.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, S., H. Zhang, C. Wang, X. L. Su, Y. Song, P. Wu, Z. Yang, M. H. Wong, Z. Cai, and C. Zheng. 2022a. “Metabolomics reveal nanoplastic-induced mitochondrial damage in human liver and lung cells.” Environmental Science & Technology 56 (17): 12483–12493. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c03980.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lithner, D., A. Larsson, and G. Dave. 2011. “Environmental and Health Hazard Ranking and Assessment of Plastic Polymers Based on Chemical Composition.” Science of the Total Environment 409 (18): 3309–3324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.04.038.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, T., X. Guo, W. Liu, C. Hao, L. Wang, W. C. Hiscox, C. Liu, C. Jin, J. Xin, and J. Zhang. 2017. “Selective Cleavage of Ester Linkages of Anhydride-Cured Epoxy Using a Benign Method and Reuse of the Decomposed Polymer in New Epoxy Preparation.” Green Chemistry 19 (18): 4364–4372. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7GC01737E10.1039/C7GC01737E.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, X., H. Yang, X. Yan, S. Xu, Y. Fan, H. Xu, Y. Ma, W. Hou, R. Javed, and Y. Zhang. 2022a. “Co-Exposure of Polystyrene Microplastics and Iron Aggravates Cognitive Decline in Aging Mice via Ferroptosis Induction.” Ecotoxicol Environ Safety 233:113342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Z., Q. Zhuan, L. Zhang, L. Meng, X. Fu, and Y. Hou. 2022b. “Polystyrene Microplastics Induced Female Reproductive Toxicity in Mice.” Journal of Hazardous Materials 424:127629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127629.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, S., Q. Wang, H. Yu, L. Yang, Y. Sun, N. Xu, N. Wang, et al. 2021. “Polystyrene Microplastics Induce Blood–Testis Barrier Disruption Regulated by the MAPK-Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Rats.” Environmental Science and Pollution Research International 28 (35): 47921–47931. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13911-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Z., S. Zhu, Q. Liu, J. Wei, Y. Jin, X. Wang, and L. Zhang. 2020. “Polystyrene Microplastics Cause Cardiac Fibrosis by Activating Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway and Promoting Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis in Rats.” Environmental Pollution 265:115025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115025.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Llorca, M., and M. Marinella Farré. 2021. “Current Insights into Potential Effects of Micro-Nanoplastics on Human Health by In-Vitro Tests.” Frontiers in Toxicology 3:752140. https://doi.org/10.3389/ftox.2021.752140.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lots, F. A. E., P. Behrens, M. G. Vijver, H. AA, and T. Bosker. 2017. “A Large-Scale Investigation of Microplastic Contamination: Abundance and Characteristics of Microplastics in European Beach Sediment.” Marine Pollution Bulletin 123 (1–2): 219–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.08.057.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lozano, N. B. S., A. T. Vidal, S. Martínez-Llorens, S. N. Mérida, J. E. Blanco, A. M. López, M. P. Torres, and M. J. Cerdá. 2007. “Growth and Economic Profit of Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata, L.) Fed Sunflower Meal.” Aquaculture 272 (1–4): 528–534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.07.221.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu, Y. Y., M. Cao, M. Tian, and Q. Huang. 2023. “Internalization and Cytotoxicity of Polystyrene Microplastics in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells.” Journal of Applied Toxicology: JAT 43 (2): 262–271. https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.4378.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo, T., Y. Zhang, C. Wang, X. Wang, J. Zhou, M. Shen, Y. Zhao, Z. Fu, and Y. Jin. 2019. “Maternal Exposure to Different Sizes of Polystyrene Microplastics During Gestation Causes Metabolic Disorders in Their Offspring.” Environmental Pollution 255:113122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu, K. K., D. Zhan, Y. Fang, L. Li, G. Chen, S. Chen, and L. Wang. 2022. “Microplastics, Potential Threat to Patients with Lung Diseases.” Frontiers in Toxicology 4:958414. https://doi.org/10.3389/ftox.2022.958414.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Machado, A. A. S., W. Kloas, C. Zarfl, S. Hempel, and M. C. Rillig. 2018. “Microplastics As Na Emerging Threat to Terrestrial Ecosystems.” Global Change Biology 24 (4): 1405–1416. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magrì, D., P. S. Moreno, G. Caputo, F. Gatto, M. Veronesi, G. Bardi, T. Catelani, et al. 2018. “Laser Ablation As a Versatile Tool to Mimic Polyethylene Terephthalate Nanoplastic Pollutants: Characterization and Toxicology Assessment.” Agricultural Science & Technology Nano 8 (8): 7690–7700. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.8b01331.
   Google Scholar
• Makhdoumi, P., A. A. Amin, H. Karimi, M. Pirsaheb, H. Kim, and H. Hossini. 2021. “Occurrence of Microplastic Particles in the Most Popular Iranian Bottled Mineral Water Brands and an Assessment of Human Exposure.” Journal of Water Process Engineering 39:101708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101708.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mamun, A. A., T. A. E. Prasetya, I. R. Dewi, and M. Ahmad. 2023. “Microplastics in Human Food Chains: Food Becoming a Threat to Health Safety.” Science of the Total Environment 858:159834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159834.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcelino, R. C., R. M. Cardoso, E. L. B. C. Domingues, R. V. Gonçalves, G. D. A. Lima, and R. D. Novaes. 2022. “The Emerging Risk of Microplastics and Nanoplastics on the Microstructure and Function of Reproductive Organs in Mammals: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Evidence.” Life Sciences 295:120404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120404.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin-Folgar, R., C. Sabroso, A. I. CañCañAs-Portilla, M. Torres-Ruíz, M. C. González-Caballero, H. Dorado, I. Velasco, and M. Morales. 2024. “DNA Damage and Molecular Level Effects Induced by Polystyrene (PS) Nanoplastics (NPs) After Chironomus Riparius (Diptera) Larvae.” Chemosphere 346:140552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140552.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Matthews, S., E. G. Xu, E. R. Dumont, V. Meola, O. Pikuda, R. S. Cheong, M. Guo, R. Tahara, H. C. E. Larsson, and N. Tufenkji. 2021. “Polystyrene Micro- and Nanoplastics Affect Locomotion and Daily Activity of Drosophila Melanogaster.” Environmental Science: Nano 8 (1): 110–121. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0en00942c.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCarthy, M. M. 2008. “Estradiol and the Developing Brain.” Physiology 88 (1): 91–134. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00010.2007.
   Google Scholar
• Meeker, J. D., S. Sathyanarayana, and S. H. Swan. 2009. “Phthalates and Other Additives in Plastics: Human Exposure and Associated Health Outcomes.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364 (1526): 2097–2113. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meng, X., J. Zhang, W. Wang, G. G. Gil, J. S. Vrouwenvelder, and Z. Li. 2022. “Effects of Nano- and Microplastics on Kidney: Physicochemical Properties, Bioaccumulation, Oxidative Stress and Immunoreaction.” Chemosphere 288:132631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132631.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muhammad, A., N. Zhang, J. He, X. Shen, X. Zhu, J. Xiao, Z. Qian, C. Sun, and Y. Shao. 2023. “Multiomics Analysis Reveals the Molecular Basis for Increased Body Weight in Silkworms (Bombyx mori) Exposed to Environmental Concentrations of Polystyrene Micro- and Nanoplastics.” Journal of Advanced Research 57:43–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2023.09.010.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mukai, H., T. Tsurugizawa, G. Murakami, S. Kominami, H. Ishii, M. O. Ikeda, N. Takata, et al. 2007. “Rapid Modulation of Long-Term Depression and Spinogenesis via Synaptic Estrogen Receptors in Hippocampal Principal Neurons.” Journal of Neurochemistry 100 (4): 950–967. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04264.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murakami, G., Y. Hojo, M. O. Ikeda, H. Mukai, P. Chambon, K. Nakajima, Y. Ooishi, T. Kimoto, and S. Kawato. 2015. “Estrogen Receptor KO Mice Study on Rapid Modulation of Spines and Long-Term Depression in the Hippocampus.” Brain Research 1621:133–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2014.12.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murali, K., K. Kenesei, Y. Li, K. Demeter, Z. Környei, and E. Madarász. 2015. “Uptake and Bioreactivity of Polystyrene Nanoparticles Is Affected by Surface Modifications, Ageing and LPS Adsorption: In vitro Studies on Neural Tissue Cells.” Nanoscale 7 (9): 4199–4210. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4nr06849a.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nalbone, L., F. Cincotta, F. Giarratana, G. Ziino, and A. Panebianco. 2021. “Microplastics in Fresh and Processed Mussels Sampled from Fish Shops and Large Retail Chains in Italy.” Food Control 125:108003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naudé, P. J. W., C. Nyakas, L. E. Eiden, D. A. Ali, R. V. Heide, S. Engelborghs, P. G. M. Luiten, P. P. Deyn, J. A. Boer, and U. L. M. Eisel. 2012. “Lipocalin 2: Novel Component of Proinflammatory Signaling in Alzheimer’s Disease.” The FASEB Journal 26:2811–2823. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.11-202457. 7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen, B., D. C. Mallet, L. M. Hernandez, E. G. Xu, J. M. Farner, and N. Tufenkji. 2019. “Separation and Analysis of Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Complex environmental samples.” Accounts of Chemical Research 52 (4): 858–866. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00602.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OECD. 2022. Global Plastics Outlook: Economic Drivers, Environmental Impacts and Policy Options. Paris: OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/de747aef-en.
   Google Scholar
• Oliveri Conti, G., M. Ferrante, M. Banni, C. Favara, I. Nicolosi, A. Cristaldi, M. Fiore, and P. Zuccarello. 2020. “Micro- and Nano-Plastics in Edible Fruit and Vegetables. The First Diet Risks Assessment for the General Population.” Environmental Research 187:109677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109677.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panno, S. V., W. R. Kelly, J. Scott, W. Zheng, R. E. McNeish, N. Holm, J. Hoellein TJ, and L. B. Elizabeth. 2019. “Microplastic Contamination in Karst Groundwater Systems.” Groundwater 57 (2): 189–196. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12862.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, E. J., J. S. Han, E. J. Park, E. Seong, G. H. Lee, D. W. Kim, H. Y. Son, H. Y. Han, and B. S. Lee. 2020. “Repeated-Oral Dose Toxicity of Polyethylene Microplastics and the Possible Implications on Reproduction and Development of the Next Generation.” Toxicology Letters 324:75–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.01.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, J. H., S. Hong, O. H. Kim, C. H. Kim, J. Kim, J. W. Kim, S. Hong, and H. J. Lee. 2023. “Polypropylene Microplastics Promote Metastatic Features in Human Breast Cancer.” Scientific Reports 13 (1): 6252. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-33393-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pereira, D. M., S. C. Mazon, E. J. Mendes, R. Brunetto, B. Ozelame, F. S. Zembruski, A. L. F. Dalcin, et al. 2023. “Recycled Polyvinyl Chloride Microplastics: Investigation of Environmentally Relevant Concentrations on Toxicity in Adult Zebrafish.” Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A 86 (11): 347–360. https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2023.2203154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Persiani, E., A. Cecchettini, E. Ceccherini, I. Gisone, M. A. Morales, and F. Vozzi. 2023. “Microplastics: A Matter of the Heart (And Vascular System).” Biomedicines 11 (2): 264. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11020264.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinheiro, C. R., E. G. Moura, A. C. Manhães, M. C. Fraga, S. C. Neto, Y. A. Villaça, E. Oliveira, and P. C. Lisboa. 2015. “Concurrent Maternal and Pup Postnatal Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Wistar Rats Changes Food Preference and Dopaminergic Reward System Parameters in the Adult Male Offspring.” Neuroscience 301:178–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.06.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pitocco, D., M. D. Leo, L. Tartaglione, F. D. Leva, C. Petruzziello, A. Saviano, and A. P. V. Ojetti. 2020. “The Role of Gut Microbiota in Mediating Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus.” European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences 24 (3): 1548–1562. https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202002_20213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pitt, J. A., R. Trevisan, A. Massarsky, J. S. Kozal, E. D. Levin, and R. T. Giulio. 2018. “Maternal Transfer of Nanoplastics to Offspring in Zebrafish (Danio rerio): A Case Study with Nanopolystyrene.” Science of the Total Environment 643:324–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.186.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Podgórski, A., and L. Gradón. 1990. “Dynamics of Pulmonary Surfactant System and Its Role in Alveolar Cleansing.” The Annals of Occupational Hygiene 34 (2): 137–147. https://doi.org/10.1093/annhyg/34.2.137.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Prata, J. C., J. P. Costa, I. Lopes, A. C. Duarte, and T. R. Santos. 2020. “Environmental Exposure to MPs: An Overview on Possible Human Health Effects.” Science of the Total Environment 702:134455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134455.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prüst, M., J. Meijer, and R. H. S. Westerink. 2020. “The Plastic Brain: Neurotoxicity of Micro- and Nanoplastics.” Particle and Fibre Toxicology 17 (1): 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12989-020-00358-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qian, N., X. Gao, X. Lang, H. Deng, T. M. Bratu, Q. Chen, P. Stapleton, B. Yan, and M. Wei. 2024. “Rapid Single-Particle Chemical Imaging of Nanoplastics by SRS Microscopy.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 121 (3): e2300582121. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2300582121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qiang, L., L. LSH, Y. Gao, and J. Cheng. 2020. “Parental Exposure to Polystyrene Microplastics at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations Has Negligible Transgenerational Effects on Zebrafish (Danio rerio).” Ecotoxicol Environ Safety 206:111382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qu, N., X. M. Wang, T. Zhang, S. F. Zhang, Y. Li, F. Y. Cao, Q. Wang, L. N. Ning, and Q. Tian. 2020. “Estrogen Receptor α Agonist Is Beneficial for Young Female Rats Against Chronic Unpredicted Mild Stress-Induced Depressive Behavior and Cognitive Deficits.” Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease: JAD 77:1077–1093. https://doi.org/10.3233/jad-200486.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ragusa, A., V. Notarstefano, A. Svelato, A. Belloni, G. Gioacchini, C. Blondeel, E. Zucchelli, et al. 2022. “Raman Microspectroscopy Detection and Characterisation of Microplastics in Human Breastmilk.” Polymers (Basel) 14 (13): 2700. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14132700.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ragusa, A., A. Svelato, C. Santacroce, P. Catalano, V. Notarstefano, O. Carnevali, F. Papa, et al. 2021. “Plasticenta: First Evidence of Microplastics in Human Placenta.” Environment International 146:106274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.106274.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahman, A., A. Sarkar, O. M. Yadav, G. Achari, and J. Slobodnik. 2021. “Potential Human Health Risks Due to Environmental Exposure to Nano- and Microplastics and Knowledge Gaps: A Scoping Review.” Science of the Total Environment 757:143872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143872.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramsperger, A. F. R. M., E. Bergamaschi, M. Panizzolo, I. Fenoglio, F. Barbero, R. Peters, A. Undas, et al. 2023. “Nano- and Microplastics: A Comprehensive Review on Their Exposure Routes, Translocation, and Fate in Humans.” NanoImpact 29:100441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.impact.2022.100441.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Razak, S., N. M. Asharf, H. Abbas, G. Shaheen, W. Ahmad, T. Afsar, A. Almajwal, M. Shabbir, H. Shafique, and S. Jahan. 2023. “Mutation Pattern of Cancer Suppressor p53 Gene in Factory Workers Exposed to Polypropylene and Impact on Their Reproductive Hormones.” The Journal of Gene Medicine 25 (6): e3483. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgm.3483.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Revel, M., A. Châtel, and C. Mouneyrac. 2018. “Micro(nano)plastics: A Threat to Human Health?” Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health 1:17–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coesh.2017.10.003.
   Google Scholar
• Rochman, C. M., T. Kurobe, I. Flores, and S. J. Teh. 2014. “Early Warning Signs of Endocrine Disruption in Adult Fish from the Ingestion of Polyethylene with and without Sorbed Chemical Pollutants from the Marine Environment.” Science of the Total Environment 493:656–661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.051.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roje, Ž., K. Ilić, E. Galić, I. Pavičić, P. Turčić, Z. Stanec, and I. V. Vrček. 2019. “Synergistic Effects of Parabens and Plastic Nanoparticles on Proliferation of Human Breast Cancer Cells.” Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 70 (4): 310–314. https://doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2019-70-3372.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roshanzadeh, A., N. E. Oyunbaatar, S. E. Ganjbakhsh, S. Park, D. S. Kim, P. P. K. S. Lee, D. W. Lee, E. S. Kim, and E.-S. Kim. 2021. “Exposure to Nanoplastics Impairs Collective Contractility of Neonatal Cardiomyocytes Under Electrical Synchronization.” Biomaterials 278:121175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rotchell, J. M., L. C. Jenner, E. Emma Chapman, R. T. Bennett, I. O. Bolanle, M. Loubani, L. Sadofsky, T. M. Palmer, and A. Mukherjee. 2023. “Detection of Microplastics in Human Saphenous Vein Tissue Using μFTIR: A Pilot Study.” Public Library of Science ONE 18 (2): e0280594. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280594.
   Google Scholar
• Rubio, L., R. Marcos, and A. Hernández. 2020. “Potential Adverse Health Effects of Ingested Micro- and Nanoplastics on Humans. Lessons Learned from In Vivo and In Vitro Mammalian Models.” Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B 23 (2): 51–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/10937404.2019.1700598.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schirinzi, G. F., I. Pérez-Pomeda, J. Sanchís, C. Rossini, M. Farré, and D. Barceló. 2017. “Cytotoxic Effects of Commonly Used Nanomaterials and Microplastics on Cerebral and Epithelial Human Cells.” Environmental Research 159:579–587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.08.043.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneider, M., F. Stracke, S. Hansen, and U. F. Schaefer. 2009. “Nanoparticles and Their Interactions with the Dermal Barrier.” Dermato-Endocrinology 1 (4): 197–206. https://doi.org/10.4161/derm.1.4.9501.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schwabl, P., S. Köppel, P. Königshofer, T. Bucsics, M. Trauner, T. Reiberger, and B. Liebmann. 2019. “Detection of Various Microplastics in Human Stool a Prospective Case Series.” Annals of Internal Medicine 171 (7): 453–457. https://doi.org/10.7326/M19-0618.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sendra, M., P. Pereiro, A. Figueras, and B. Novoa. 2021. “An Integrative Toxicogenomic Analysis of Plastic Additives.” Journal of Hazardous Materials 409:124975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124975.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seth, C. K., and A. Shriwastav. 2018. “Contamination of Indian Sea Salts with Microplastics and a Potential Prevention Strategy.” Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25 (30): 30122–30131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3028-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi, W., Y. Cao, X. Chai, Q. Zhao, Y. Geng, D. Liu, and S. Tian. 2022. “Potential Health Risks of the Interaction of Microplastics and Lung Surfactant.” Journal of Hazardous Materials 429:128109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi, C., X. Han, W. Guo, Q. Wu, X. Yang, Y. Wang, G. Tang, et al. 2022. “Disturbed Gut-Liver Axis Indicating Oral Exposure to Polystyrene Microplastic Potentially Increases the Risk of Insulin Resistance.” Environment International 164:107273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2022.107273.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shrivastava, A. 2018. “Polymerization in Introduction to Plastics Engineering.” 17–48.
   Google Scholar
• Sies, H. 2015. “Oxidative Stress: A Concept in Redox Biology and Medicine.” Redox Biology 4:180–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2015.01.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva, A. P. S., E. G. Moura, C. R. Pinheiro, E. Oliveira, and P. C. Lisboa. 2018. “Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of Bisphenol a (BPA) Exposure During Breastfeeding on the Biochemical and Endocrine Profiles in Rats.” Hormone and Metabolic Research 50 (6): 491–503. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0628-6708.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sørensen, L., J. Farkas, I. B. Øverjordet, and B. H. Hansen. 2023. “In situ Biomonitoring Using Caged Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) Eggs Reveal Plastic and Rubber Associated Chemicals in a Harbour Area in Central Norway.” Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A 86 (12): 397–403. https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2023.2209113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, M., R. Ding, Y. Ma, Q. Sun, X. Ren, Z. Sun, and J. Duan. 2021. “Cardiovascular Toxicity Assessment of Polyethylene Nanoplastics on Developing Zebrafish Embryos.” Chemosphere 282:131124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, Z., Y. Wen, F. Zhang, Z. Fu, Y. Yuan, H. Kuang, X. Kuang, J. Huang, L. Zheng, and D. Zhang. 2023. “Exposure to nanoplastics induces mitochondrial impairment and cytomembrane destruction in Leydig cells.” Ecotoxicol Environ Safety 15 (255): 114796. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114796.
   Google Scholar
• Sussarellua, R., M. Suqueta, Y. Thomasa, C. Lamberta, C. Fabiouxa, M. E. J. Perneta, N. L. Goïca, et al. 2016. “Oyster Reproduction Is Affected by Exposure to Polystyrene Microplastics.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 113 (9): 2430–2435. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1519019113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamargo, A., N. Molinero, J. J. Reinosa, V. A. Rodriguez, R. Portela, M. A. Bañares, J. F. Fernández, and M. V. Moreno-Arribas. 2022. “PET microplastics affect human gut microbiota communities during simulated gastrointestinal digestion, first evidence of plausible polymer biodegradation during human digestion.” Scientific Reports 12 (1): 528. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-04489-w.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teng, J., Q. Wang, W. Ran, D. Wu, Y. Liu, S. Sun, H. Liu, R. Cao, and J. Zhao. 2019. “Microplastic in Cultured Oysters from Different Coastal Areas of China.” Science of the Total Environment 653:1282–1292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.057.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson, R. C., Y. Olsen, R. P. Mitchell, A. Davis, S. J. Rowland, A. W. G. John, D. McGonigle, and A. E. Russell. 2004. “Lost at Sea: Where Is All the Plastic?” Science 304 (5672): 838–838. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1094559.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tu, Q., J. Deng, M. Di, X. Lin, Z. Chen, B. Li, L. Tian, and Y. Zhang. 2023. “Reproductive Toxicity of Polystyrene Nanoplastics in Drosophila Melanogaster Under Multi-Generational Exposure.” Chemosphere 330:138724. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138724.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urbisz, A. Z., K. Małota, L. Chajec, and M. K. Sawadro. 2024. “Size-Dependent and Sex-Specific Negative Effects of Micro- and Nano-Sized Polystyrene Particles in the Terrestrial Invertebrate Model Drosophila Melanogaster.” Micron 176:103560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micron.2023.103560.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vianello, A., R. L. Jensen, L. Liu, and J. Vollertsen. 2019. “Simulating Human Exposure to Indoor Airborne Microplastics Using a Breathing Thermal Manikin.” Scientific Reports 9 (1): 8670. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-45054-w.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Villarrubia-Gómez, P., S. E. Cornell, and J. Fabres. 2018. “Marine Plastic Pollution As a Planetary Boundary Threat–The Drifting Piece in the Sustainability Puzzle.” Marine Policy 96:213–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.11.035.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, J., X. Li, P. Li, L. Li, L. Zhao, S. Ru, and D. Zhang. 2022. “Porous Microplastics Enhance Polychlorinated Biphenyls-Induced Thyroid Disruption in Juvenile Japanese Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus).” Marine Pollution Bulletin 174:113289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113289.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Y., S. Wang, T. Xu, W. Cui, X. Shi, and S. Xu. 2022. “A New Discovery of Polystyrene Microplastics Toxicity: The Injury Difference on Bladder Epithelium of Mice Is Correlated with the Size of Exposed Particles.” Science of the Total Environment 821:153413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153413.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei, J., X. Wang, Q. Liu, N. Zhou, S. Zhu, Z. Li, X. Li, J. Yao, and L. Zhang. 2021. “The Impact of Polystyrene Microplastics on Cardiomyocytes Pyroptosis Through Nlrp3/caspase-1 Signaling Pathway and Oxidative Stress in Wistar Rats.” Environmental Toxicology 36 (5): 935–944. https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.23095.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei, Y., Y. Zhou, C. Long, H. Wu, Y. Hong, Y. Fu, J. Wang, Y. Wu, L. Shen, and G. Wei. 2021a. “Polystyrene Microplastics Disrupt the Blood-Testis Barrier Integrity Through ROS-Mediated Imbalance of mTorc1 and mTorc2.” Environmental Pollution 289:117904. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117904.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woo, J. H., H. J. Seo, J. Y. Lee, I. Lee, K. Jeon, B. Kim, and K. Lee. 2023. “Polypropylene Nanoplastic Exposure Leads to Lung Inflammation Through p38-Mediated NF-Κb Pathway Due to Mitochondrial Damage.” Particle and Fibre Toxicology 20 (1): 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12989-022-00512-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, M., G. Halimu, Q. Zhang, Y. Song, X. Fu, Y. Li, Y. Li, and H. Zhang. 2019. “Internalization and Toxicity: A Preliminary Study of Effects of Nanoplastic Particles on Human Lung Epithelial Cell.” Science of the Total Environment 694:133794. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133794.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan, W., J. Fan, X. Zhang, H. Song, R. Wan, W. Wang, and Y. Yin. 2021. “Decreased neuronal synaptosome associated protein 29 contributes to poststroke cognitive impairment by disrupting presynaptic maintenance.” Theranostics 11 (10): 4616–4636. https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.54210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, S., Y. Cheng, Z. Chen, T. Liu, L. Yin, Y. Pu, and G. Liang. 2021. “In vitro Evaluation of Nanoplastics Using Human Lung Epithelial Cells, Microarray Analysis and Co-Culture Model.” Ecotoxicol Environ Safety 226:112837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112837.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, Y. F., C. Y. Chen, T. H. Lu, and C. M. Liao. 2019. “Toxicity-Based Toxicokinetic/Toxicodynamic Assessment for Bioaccumulation of Polystyrene Microplastics in Mice.” Journal of Hazardous Materials 366:703–713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.12.048.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan, Z., Y. Liu, T. Zhang, F. Zhang, H. Ren, and Y. Zhang. 2022. “Analysis of Microplastics in Human Feces Reveals a Correlation Between Fecal Microplastics and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Status.” Environmental Science & Technology 56 (1): 414–421. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c03924.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yee, M. S. L., L. W. Hii, C. K. Looi, W. M. Lim, S. F. Wong, Y. Y. Kok, B. K. Tan, C. Y. Wong, and C. O. Leong. 2021. “Impact of Microplastics and Nanoplastics on Human Health.” Nanomaterials (Basel) 11 (2): 496. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11020496.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yu, L., Z. Han, and C. Liu. 2015. “A Review on the Effects of PBDEs on Thyroid and Reproduction Systems in Fish.” General & Comparative Endocrinology 219:64–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.12.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, M., J. Li, H. Ding, J. Ding, F. Jiang, N. X. Ding, and C. Sun. 2020. “Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Microplastics in Urban Tap Water and Water Sources in Qingdao, China.” Analytical Letters 53 (8): 1312–1327. https://doi.org/10.1080/00032719.2019.1705476.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, J., D. Gomes, L. Jin, S. P. Mathis, X. Li, E. C. Rouchka, H. Bodduluri, D. J. Conklin, and T. E. O’Toole. 2022. “Polystyrene Bead Ingestion Promotes Adiposity and Cardiometabolic Disease in Mice.” Ecotoxicol Environ Safety 232:113239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, X., Z. Liu, X. Ren, and X. Duan. 2021. “Parental Transfer of Nanopolystyrene-Enhanced Tris(1,3-Dichloro-2-Propyl) Phosphate Induces Transgenerational Thyroid Disruption in Zebrafish.” Aquatic Toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 236:105871. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105871.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, C., Y. Wang, Z. Su, W. Pu, M. Niu, S. Song, L. Wei, et al. 2020a. “Respiratory Exposure to PM2.5 Soluble Extract Disrupts Mucosal Barrier Function and Promotes the Development of Experimental Asthma.” Science of the Total Environment 730:139145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, H. J., J. K. Xu, Z. H. Yan, H. Q. Ren, and Y. Zhang. 2020b. “Microplastics Enhance the Developmental Toxicity of Synthetic Phenolic Antioxidants by Disturbing the Thyroid Function and Metabolism in Developing Zebrafish.” Environment International 140:105750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.105750.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, N., M. Zhao, and H. Jin. 2023. “Microplastic-induced gut microbiota and serum metabolic disruption in Sprague-Dawley rats.” Environmental Pollution 320:121071. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121071.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng, J. L., X. Chen, L. B. Peng, D. Wang, Q. L. Zhu, J. Li, and T. Han. 2022. “Particles Rather Than Released Zn2+ from ZnO Nanoparticles Aggravate Microplastics Toxicity in Early Stages of Exposed Zebrafish and Their Unexposed Offspring.” Journal of Hazardous Materials 424:127589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127589.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu, X., B. Huang, F. Zhao, J. Lian, L. He, Y. Zhang, L. Ji, et al. 2023. “p38-Mediated FOXN3 Phosphorylation Modulates Lung Inflammation and Injury Through the NF-Κb Signaling Pathway.” Nucleic Acids Research 51 (5): 2195–2214. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkad057.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu, X., C. Wang, X. Duan, B. Liang, E. G. Xu, and Z. Huang. 2023. “Micro- and nanoplastics: A new cardiovascular risk factor?” Environment International 171:107662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2022.107662.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zuo, J., T. Huo, X. Du, Q. Yang, Q. Wu, J. Shen, C. Liu, T. C. Hung, W. Yan, and G. Li. 2021. “The Joint Effect of Parental Exposure to Microcystin-LR and Polystyrene Nanoplastics on the Growth of Zebrafish Offspring.” Journal of Hazardous Materials 410:124677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124677.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar