Tourism water footprint: an empirical analysis of Mount Huangshan

References

• 2030 Water Resources Group. (2009). Charting our water future: Economic frameworks to inform decision-making. Author.
   Google Scholar
• Allan, J. A. (1993). Fortunately there are substitutes for water otherwise our hydropolitical futures would be impossible. In Overseas Development Administration, Priorities for Water Resources Allocation and Management. London: Overseas Development Administration.
   Google Scholar
• Becken, S. (2002). Analysing international tourist flows to estimate energy use associated with air travel. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 10(2), 114–131. doi: 10.1080/09669580208667157
   Google Scholar
• Becken, S., Garofano, N., McLennan, C., Moore, S., Rajan, R., & Watt, M. (2014). From challenges to solutions. 2nd white paper on tourism and water: Providing the business case. EarthCheck Research Institute. Griffith Institute for Tourism Research Report Series, No. 1. Retrieved from https://www.griffith.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/598304/2nd-White-Paper-27-3-14.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, L. (1998). The future of growth. In State of the world 1998: A Worldwatch Institute Report on Progress Toward a Sustainable Society. New York, NY: W.W. Norton.
   Google Scholar
• Cazcarro, I., Duarte, R., & Sánchez Chóliz, J. (2016). Tracking water footprints at the Micro and Meso scale: An application to Spanish tourism by regions and municipalities. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 20(3), 446–461. doi: 10.1111/jiec.12414
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cazcarro, I., Hoekstra, A. Y., & Sánchez Chóliz, J. (2014). The water footprint of tourism in Spain. Tourism Management, 40, 90–101. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2013.05.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan, W., Wong, K., & Lo, J. (2009). Hong Kong hotels’ sewage: Environmental cost and saving technique. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 33(3), 329–346. doi: 10.1177/1096348009338525
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapagain, A. K., & Hoekstra, A. Y. (2008). The global component of freshwater demand and supply: An assessment of virtual water flows between nations as a result of trade in agricultural and industrial products. Water International, 33(1), 19–32. doi: 10.1080/02508060801927812
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole, S., & Browne, M. (2015). Tourism and water inequity in Bali: A social-ecological systems analysis. Human Ecology, 43(3), 439–450. doi: 10.1007/s10745-015-9739-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deng, S. M., & Burnett, J. (2002). Water use in hotels in Hong Kong. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 21(1), 57–66. doi: 10.1016/S0278-4319(01)00015-9
   Google Scholar
• Deya Tortella, B., & Tirado, D. (2011). Hotel water consumption at a seasonal mass tourist destination. The case of the island of Mallorca. Journal of Environmental Management, 92(10), 2568–2579. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.05.024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Envirowise. (2007). Reducing waste and utility use in managed shopping centres. Retrieved from http://www.enviromentor.co.uk/downloads/year2007/EN33620Reducing20waste20and20utility20use20in20managed20shopping%20centres.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Essex, S., Kent, M., & Newnham, R. (2004). Tourism development in Mallorca: Is water supply a constraint? Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 12(1), 4–28. doi: 10.1080/09669580408667222
   Google Scholar
• Feffer, J. (2008). We are all North Koreans now? Retrieved from http://www.worldsecuritynetwork.com/Koreas/Feffer-John/Are-we-all-North-Koreans-now
   Google Scholar
• Flavin, C. (1999). Energy for the 21st century. Washington, DC: World Bank Energy Week.
   Google Scholar
• Garcia, C., & Servera, J. (2003). Impacts of tourism development on water demand and beach degradation on the island of Mallorca (Spain). Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography, 85(3–4), 287–300. doi: 10.1111/j.0435-3676.2003.00206.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gössling, S. (2000). Sustainable tourism development in developing countries: Some aspects of energy use. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 8(5), 410–425. doi: 10.1080/09669580008667376
   Google Scholar
• Gössling, S. (2002). Global environmental consequences of tourism. Global Environmental Change, 12(4), 283–302. doi: 10.1016/S0959-3780(02)00044-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gössling, S. (2015). New performance indicators for water management in tourism. Tourism Management, 46, 233–244. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2014.06.018
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gössling, S., Hall, C. M., & Scott, D. (2015). Tourism and water. Bristol: Channel View Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Gössling, S., Peeters, P., Hall, C. M., Ceron, J.-P., Dubois, G., Lehmann, L. V., & Scott, D. (2012). Tourism and water use: Supply, demand, and security. An international review. Tourism Management, 33(1), 1–15. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2011.03.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hadjikakou, M., Chenoweth, J., & Miller, G. (2013). Estimating the direct and indirect water use of tourism in the Eastern Mediterranean. Journal of Environmental Management, 114, 548–556. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.11.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hadjikakou, M., Miller, G., Chenoweth, J., Druckman, A., & Zoumides, C. (2015). A comprehensive framework for comparing water use intensity across different tourist types. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(10), 1445–1467. doi: 10.1080/09669582.2015.1044753
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, M. Y., Chen, G. Q., Meng, J., Wu, X. D., Alsaedi, A., & Ahmad, B. (2016). Virtual water accounting for a building construction engineering project with nine sub-projects: A case in E-town, Beijing. Journal of Cleaner Production, 112, 4691–4700. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.07.048
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoekstra, A. Y., & Chapagain, A. K. (2007). Water footprints of nations: Water use by people as a function of their consumption pattern. Water Resources Management, 21(1), 35–48. doi: 10.1007/s11269-006-9039-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoekstra, A. Y., Chapagain, A. K., Aldaya, M. M., & Mekonnen, M. M. (2011). The water footprint assessment manual: Setting the global standard. London: Earthscan.
   Google Scholar
• Hoekstra, A. Y., & Hung, P. Q. (2002). Virtual water trade: A quantification of virtual water flows between nations in relation to international crop trade. Delft: IHE. Value of Water Research Report Series, vol. 11. Retrieved from http://waterfootprint.org/media/downloads/Report11.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Huang, D., Fu, G., Shi, R., Che, J., & Wang, M. (2015). Study on tourism water footprint assessment. Ecological Science, 34(5), 211–218.
   Google Scholar
• Huangshan Management Committee. (2014, September 12). Brief introduction of Mount Huangshan. Retrieved from http://www.chinahuangshan.gov.cn/content/detail/56961e9d599098d7c2c3ce54.html
   Google Scholar
• Kent, M., Newnham, R., & Essex, S. (2002). Tourism and sustainable water supply in Mallorca: A geographical analysis. Applied Geography, 22(4), 351–374. doi: 10.1016/S0143-6228(02)00050-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lampert, D. J., Cai, H., & Elgowainy, A. (2016). Wells to wheels: Water consumption for transportation fuels in the United States. Energy & Environmental Science, 9(3), 787–802. doi: 10.1039/C5EE03254G
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaVanchy, G. T., & Taylor, M. J. (2015). Tourism as tragedy? Common problems with water in post-revolutionary Nicaragua. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 31(4), 765–779. doi: 10.1080/07900627.2014.985819
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lo, J. Y., Chan, W. W., & Wong, K. (2010). Diagnosis of water consumption in traditional Chinese restaurants. Journal of Tourism, Hospitality & Culinary Arts, 2(1), 25–32.
   Google Scholar
• Long, A. H., Xu, Z. M., & Zhang, Z. Q. (2003). Estimate and analysis of water footprint in northwest China, 2000. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 25(6), 692–700.
   Google Scholar
• Lovarelli, D., Bacenetti, J., & Fiala, M. (2016). Water footprint of crop productions: A review. Science of The Total Environment, 548–549, 236–251. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mekonnen, M. M., & Hoekstra, A. Y. (2010a). The green, blue and grey water footprint of crops and derived crop products. Delft: UNESCO-IHE. Value of Water Research Report Series No. 47. Retrieved from http://wfn.project-platforms.com/Reports/Report47-WaterFootprintCrops-Vol2.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Mekonnen, M. M., & Hoekstra, A. Y. (2010b). The green, blue and grey water footprint of farm animals and animal products. Delft: UNESCO-IHE. Value of Water Research Report Series No. 48. Retrieved from http://waterfootprint.org/media/downloads/Report-48-WaterFootprint-AnimalProducts-Vol2_1.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Mekonnen, M. M., & Hoekstra, A. Y. (2011). The green, blue and grey water footprint of crops and derived crop products. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 15(5), 1577–1600. doi: 10.5194/hess-15-1577-2011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mekonnen, M. M., & Hoekstra, A. Y. (2012). A global assessment of the water footprint of farm animal products. Ecosystems, 15(3), 401–415. doi: 10.1007/s10021-011-9517-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohanty, K. K. (2003). The near-term energy challenge. AIChE Journal, 49(10), 2454–2460. doi: 10.1002/aic.690491002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Novo, P., Garrido, A., & Varela-Ortega, C. (2009). Are virtual water “flows” in Spanish grain trade consistent with relative water scarcity? Ecological Economics, 68(5), 1454–1464. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2008.10.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orellana Lazo, M. (2013). Water footprint of coastal tourism facilities in small island developing states a case-study of a beach resort in the Maldives (Master). University of British Columbia, Vancouver.
   Google Scholar
• Rico-Amoros, A. M., Olcina-Cantos, J., & Sauri, D. (2009). Tourist land use patterns and water demand: Evidence from the Western Mediterranean. Land Use Policy, 26(2), 493–501. doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2008.07.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, M., Hargroves, K., Desha, C., & Stasinopoulos, P. (2009). Water transformed: Sustainable water solutions for climate change adaptation. Brisbane: The Natural Edge Project (TNEP).
   Google Scholar
• Tekken, V., & Kropp, J. P. (2015). Sustainable water management – perspectives for tourism development in north-eastern Morocco. Tourism Management Perspectives, 16, 325–334. doi: 10.1016/j.tmp.2015.09.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tian, M., Min, Q. W., Lun, F., Yuan, Z., Fuller, A., Yang, L., Zhang Y., & Zhou, J. (2015). Evaluation of tourism water capacity in agricultural heritage sites. Sustainability, 7(12), 15548–15569. doi: 10.3390/su71115548
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tourism Concern. (2012). Water equity in tourism: A human right, a global responsibility. Retrieved from http://wordpress.reilumatkailu.fi/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/WET-Report.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Tourism Concern. (2014). How does tourism affect the demand for water? Retrieved from https://www.tourismconcern.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Unit2-Resource-A-1.pdf
   Google Scholar
• UNESCO. (2012). Mount Huangshan. Retrieved from http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/547
   Google Scholar
• United Nations. (2015, March 13). International decade for action “water for life” 2005–2015: Water and energy. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/water_and_energy.shtml
   Google Scholar
• Vanham, D. (2016). Does the water footprint concept provide relevant information to address the water–food–energy–ecosystem nexus? Ecosystem Services, 17, 298–307. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2015.08.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Q., Lu, L., & Yang, X. Z. (2014). Influencing factors of water resources security in water shortage mountain resorts. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 28(11), 48–53.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, Q., Wu, C. L., Deng, H. B., & Yang, X. Z. (2015). Tourism water footprint model and empirical analysis. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 35(4), 448–455.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, X. H., Zhang, Z. Q., Long, A. H., & Xu, Z. M. (2005). Review of virtual water research. China Rural Water and Hydropower, (1), 27–30.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, Y. B., Wu, P. T., Zhao, X. N., & Engel, B. A. (2014). Virtual water flows of grain within China and its impact on water resource and grain security in 2010. Ecological Engineering, 69, 255–264. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.03.057
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Water Supply Company of Huangshan Scenic Area. (2013). 2012 annual water supply statistics. In Annual Water Supply Statistics (Ed.). Author.
   Google Scholar
• Waterscan. (2017). Logistics and transport sector take action on water. Retrieved from http://waterscan.com/news-blog-events/logistics-transport-sector-take-action-water/
   Google Scholar
• World Tourism Organization. (2004). Indicators of sustainable development for tourism destinations: A guidebook. Madrid: Author.
   Google Scholar
• World Water Assessment Programme. (2012). The United Nations world water development report 4: Managing water under uncertainty and risk. Paris: UNESCO.
   Google Scholar
• Yan, Y., Jia, J., Wang, L. H., Du, C., Liu, X. L., Fu, X., & Wu, G. (2014). The industrial water footprint of several typical cotton textiles in China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 34(23), 7119–7126.
   Google Scholar
• Yang, M. Y., Hens, L., De Wulf, R., & Ou, X. K. (2011). Measuring tourist’s water footprint in a mountain destination of Northwest Yunnan, China. Journal of Mountain Science, 8(5), 682–693. doi: 10.1007/s11629-011-2062-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeitoun, M., Allan, J. A., & Mohieldeen, Y. (2010). Virtual water “flows” of the Nile Basin, 1998–2004: A first approximation and implications for water security. Global Environmental Change, 20(2), 229–242. doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2009.11.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, J. H. (2008). Measuring the ecological impact of tourist wastes: Methodology and cases study of Jiuzhaigou and Huangshan National Park. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 28(6), 2764–2773.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, J. H., Zhang, H. L., Zhang, J., & Liu, F. J. (2011). Review of studies on environmental impacts of tourism waste. International conference on artificial intelligence, management science and electronic commerce, Dengfeng, Henan.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, Y., Zhang, J. H., Tang, G. R., Chen, M., & Wang, L. C. (2016). Virtual water flows in the international trade of agricultural products of China. Science of the Total Environment, 557–558, 1–11. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.166
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Y., Zhang, J. H., Wang, C., Cao, J. J., Liu, Z. H., & Wang, L. C. (2017). China and trans-pacific partnership agreement countries: Estimation of the virtual water trade of agricultural products. Journal of Cleaner Production, 140, 1493–1503. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.10.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar