References
- Albalate, D., & Fageda, X. (2016). High speed rail and tourism: Empirical evidence from Spain. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 85, 174–185. doi:10.1016/j.tra.2016.01.009
- Andrea Saayman, J. D. K. (2019). Forecasting tourist arrivals using multivariate singular spectrum analysis. Tourism Economics, 25(3), 330–354. doi:10.1177/1354816618768318
- Antonakakis, N., Dragouni, M., & Filis, G. (2015). How strong is the linkage between tourism and economic growth in Europe? Economic Modelling, 44, 142–155. doi:10.1016/j.econmod.2014.10.018
- Aratuo, D. N., & Etienne, X. L. (2019). Industry level analysis of tourism-economic growth in the United States. Tourism Management, 70, 333–340. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2018.09.004
- Barbier, B. (1989). International tourism today: A geographic approach. GeoJoumal, 19, 251–255.
- Baum, L. E., & Petrie, T. (1966). Statistical inference for probabilistic functions of Finite State Markov chains. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 37(6), 1554–1563. doi:10.1214/aoms/1177699147
- Bowden, J. (2010). A cross-national analysis of international tourist flows in China. Tourism Geographies, 5, 257–279.
- Brida, J. G., Meleddu, M., & Pulina, M. (2013). Factors influencing length of stay of cultural tourists. Tourism Economics, 19, 1273–1292.
- Castillo-Manzano, J. I., Castro-Nuño, M., López-Valpuesta, L., Pedregal-Tercero, D. J., & Garrido-Mich, J. M. (2018). High speed rail: Fast tracking tourism in the EU? Annals of Tourism Research, 71, 64–66.
- Chaisumpunsakul, W., & Pholphirul, P. (2018). Does international trade promote international tourism demand? Evidence from Thailand’s Trading Partners. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 39, 393–400.
- Claveria, O. (2016). Positioning emerging tourism markets using tourism and economic indicators. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 29, 143–153.
- Claveria, O., & Poluzzi, A. (2017). Positioning and clustering of the world’s top tourist destinations by means of dimensionality reduction techniques for categorical data. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 6, 22–32.
- Cornia, G. A. (2004). Changes in the distribution of income over the last two decades: Extent, sources and possible causes1. Rivista Italiana Degli Economisti, 349–387.
- Cró, S., & Martins, A. M. (2017). Structural breaks in international tourism demand: Are they caused by crises or disasters? Tourism Management, 63, 3–9.
- Ercan, S.-T., Nyaupane, G., & Uysal, M. (2013). Guests and hosts revisited: Prejudicial attitudes of guests toward the host population. Journal of Travel Research, 53, 336–352.
- Esteban O. O., Diana, B., & Trade and Globalization. 2019. WorldInData.org. https://ourworldindata.org/trade-and-globalization
- Gini, C. (1909). Concentration and dependency ratios. Rivista di Politica Economica, 87, 769–789.
- Granger, C. W. J. (1969). Investigating causal relations by econometric models and cross-spectral methods. Econometrica, 37, 424–438.
- Granger, C. W. J. (1980). Testing for causality: A personal viewpoint. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 2, 329–352.
- Jolliffe, I. T., & Cadima, J. (2016). Principal component analysis: A review and recent developments. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, 374. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2015.0202
- Kester, J. G. C. (2005). International tourism receipts. Expenditure and balance. Tourism Economics, 11, 275–293.
- Khalilzadeh, J. (2018). Demonstration of exponential random graph models in tourism studies: Is tourism a means of global peace or the bottom line? Annals of Tourism Research, 69, 31–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2017.12.007
- Law, R., Li, G., Fong, D. K. C., & Han, X. (2019). Tourism demand forecasting: A deep learning approach. Annals of Tourism Research, 75, 410–423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2019.01.014
- Lejárraga, I., & Walkenhorst, P. (2013). Economic policy, tourism trade and productive diversification. International Economics, 135–136, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inteco.2013.09.001
- Li, Y., & Cao, H. (2018). Prediction for tourism flow based on LSTM neural Network. Procedia Computer Science, 129, 277–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2018.03.076
- Liu, A., & Wu, D. C. (2019). Tourism productivity and economic growth. Annals of Tourism Research, 76, 253–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2019.04.005
- Lyssiotou, P. (2000). Dynamic analysis of British demand for tourism abroad. Empirical Econimics, 15, 421–436. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001810000025
- Maria Francesca, C., Nijkamp, P., & Rietveld, P. (2008). Assessment of tourism competitiveness by analysing destination efficiency. Tourism Economics, 14, 325–342. https://doi.org/10.5367/000000008784460427
- Marrocu, E., & Paci, R. (2011). They arrive with new information. Tourism Flows and Production Efficiency in the European Regions. Tourism Management, 32, 750–758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2010.06.010
- Marrocu, E., & Paci, R. (2013). Different tourists to different destinations. Evidence from Spatial Interaction Models. Tourism Management, 39, 71–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.10.009
- Martins, L. F., Gan, Y., & Ferreira-Lopes, A. (2017). An empirical analysis of the influence of macroeconomic determinants on world tourism demand. Tourism Management, 61, 248–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.01.008
- Mckercher, B. (2018). The impact of distance on tourism: A tourism geography law. Tourism Geographies, 20, 905–909. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2018.1434813
- Michael, A. D. G., & Jaeyeon, C. (2019). Geographies of religion and spirituality: Pilgrimage beyond the ‘officially’ sacred. Tourism Geographies, 21, 361–383. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2019.1625072
- Moyano, A., Martínez, H. S., & Coronado, J. M. (2018). From network to services: A comparative accessibility analysis of the Spanish high-speed rail system. Transport Policy, 63, 51–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2017.11.007
- Rabiner, L. R. (1989). A tutorial on hidden Markov models and selected applications in speech recognition. Proceedings of the IEEE, 77, 257–286. https://doi.org/10.1109/5.18626
- Santana-Gallego, M., Ledesma-Rodríguez, F. J., & Pérez-Rodríguez, J. V. (2016). International trade and tourism flows: An extension of the gravity model. Economic Modelling, 52, 1026–1033. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2015.10.043
- Seghir, G. M., Mostéfa, B., Abbes, S. M., & Zakarya, G. Y. (2015). Tourism spending-economic growth causality in 49 countries: A dynamic panel data approach. Procedia Economics and Finance, 23, 1613–1623. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00402-5
- Shlomo, Y. (1998). More than a dozen alternative ways of spelling Gini. Economic Inequalit, 8, 13–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4720-7_2
- Song, H., Seetaram, N., & Ye, S. (2019). The effect of tourism taxation on tourists’ budget allocation. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 11, 32–39.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2018.12.001
- Stynes D. J. (1997). Economic impacts of tourism. Illinois Bureau of Tourism, Department of Commerce and Community Affairs.
- Tomohara, A. (2017). Relationships between international tourism and modes of foreign market access. International Economics, 152, 21–25.