Degradation Kinetics of Lycopene and Visual Color in Tomato Peel Isolated from Pomace

REFERENCES

• Sogi , D.S. and Bawa , A.S. 1998 . Studies on Dehydration of Tomato Processing Waste . Indian Food Packer , 52 ( 2 ) : 26 – 29 .
   Google Scholar
• Sogi , D.S. , Kiran , J. and Bawa , A.S. 1999 . Characteristics and Utilization of Tomato Seed Oil from Tomato Processing Waste . J. Food Sci. Technol , 36 ( 3 ) : 248 – 249 .
   Google Scholar
• Sogi , D.S. , Bawa , A.S. and Garg , S.K. 2000 . Sedimentation System for Seed Separation from Tomato Processing Waste . J. Food Sci. Technol , 37 ( 5 ) : 539 – 541 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lal , G. , Siddappa , G.S. and Tandon , G.L. 1986 . Preservation of Fruits and Vegetables , New Delhi : I. C. A. R .
   Google Scholar
• Chandler , L.A. and Schwartz. , S.J. 1987 . HPLC Separation of Cis-trans Carotene Isomers in Fresh and Processed Fruits and Vegetables . J. Food Sci , 52 : 669 – 672 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadler , G. , Davis , J. and Dezman , D. 1990 . Rapid Extraction of Lycopene and β-carotene from Reconstituted Tomato Paste and Pink Grape Fruit Homogenates . J. Food Sci , 55 ( 5 ) : 1460 – 1461 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hakala , S.H. and Heinonen , I.M. 1994 . Chromatographic purification of natural lycopene . J. Agri. Food Chem , 42 : 1314 – 1316 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies , B.H. 1976 . “ Carotenoids ” . In Chemistry and Biochemistry of Plant Pigment , 2nd , Edited by: Goodwin , T.W. Vol. 2 , 38 – 165 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• DiMascio , P. , Kaiser , S. and Sies , H. 1989 . Lycopene as the Most Efficient Biological Caroteniod Singlet Oxygen Quencher . Arch. Biochem. Biophy , 274 : 532 – 538 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tinkler , J.H. , Bohm , F. , Schalch , W. and Truscott , T.G. 1994 . Dietary Carotenoids Protect Human Cells from Damage . J. Photochem. Photobiol , 26 : 283 – 285 .
   Google Scholar
• Miller , N.J. , Sampson , J. , Candeias , L.P. , Bramley , P.M. and Rice-Evans , C.A. 1996 . Antioxidants Activity of Carotenes and Xaynthophylls . FEBS. Letter , 284 : 240 – 246 .
   Google Scholar
• Gerster , H. 1997 . The Potential Role of Lycopene for Human Health . J. Am. Col. Nutr , 16 : 109 – 126 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giovannucci , E.L. , Ascherio , A. , Rimm , E.B. , Stampfer , M.J. , Colditz , G.A. and Willet , W.C. 1995 . Intake of Carotenoids and Retinol in Relationship to Risk of Prostate Cancer . J. National Cancer Inst , 87 : 1767 – 1776 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao , A.V. and Agarwal , S. 1998 . Effect of Diet and Smoking on Serum Lycopene and Lipid per Oxidation . Nutr. Res , 18 : 713 – 721 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen , M.L. and Schwartz. , S.J. 1999 . Lycopene: Chemical and Biological Properties . Food Technol , 53 ( 2 ) : 38 – 45 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaur , D. , Sogi , S.D. , Garg , S.K. and Bawa , A.S. 2005 . Flotation-cum-sedimentation System for Skin and Seed Separation from Tomato Pomace . J. Food. Eng , 71 ( 4 ) : 341 – 344 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Association of the Official Analytical Chemists . 1990 . Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists , 15th , Virgina, , USA : AOAC .
   Google Scholar
• Steet , J.A. and Tong , C.H. 1996 . Degradation Kinetics of Green Color and Chlorophyll in Peas by Colorimetery and HPLC . J. Food Sci , 61 : 924 – 927 . 931
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weemaes , C.A. , Ooms , V. , Loey , A.M. and Hexdrix , M.E. 1999 . Kinetics of Chlorophyll Degradation and Color Loss in Heated Broccoli Juice . J. Agri. Food Chem , 47 : 2404 – 2409 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmed , J. , Shivhare , U.S. and Raghavan , G.S.V. 2000 . Rheological Characteristics and Kinetics of Color Degradation of Green Chilli Puree . J. Food Eng , 44 : 239 – 244 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmed , J. , Shivhare , U.S. and Singh , G. 2000 . Chlorophyll and Color of Green Chilli Puree as Affected by Mesh Size and Temperature . Int. J. Food Prop , 4 : 305 – 316 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunawan , M.I. and Barringer , S.A. 2000 . Green Color Degradation of Balanced Broccoli (Brassica oleracea) Due to Acid and Microbial Growth . J. Food Processing Preservation , 24 : 253 – 263 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levenspiel , O. 1974 . Chemical Reaction Engineering; , New Delhi : Willey Eastern Publication .
   Google Scholar
• Tsatsaronis , G.C. and Boskou , D.G. 1975 . Amino Acid and Mineral Salt Content of Tomato Seed and Skin Waste . J. Sci. Food Agri , 26 : 421 – 423 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lazos , E.S. and Kalathenos , P. 1988 . Composition of Tomato Processing Waste . Int. J. Food Sci. Technol , 23 : 649 – 652 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akanbi , C.T. and Oludemi , F.O. 2004 . Effect of Processing and Packaging on Lycopene Content of Tomato Products . Int. J. Food Prop , 7 : 139 – 152 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole , E.R. and Kapur , N.S. 1957 . The Stability of Lycopene I. Degradation by Oxygen . J. Sci. Food Agri , 8 : 360 – 365 .
   Google Scholar
• Cole , E.R. and Kapur , N.S. 1957 . The Stability of Lycopene II. Oxidation During Heating of Tomato Pulps . J. Sci. Food Agri , 8 : 366 – 368 .
   Google Scholar
• Ahmed , J. , Shivhare , U.S. and Sandhu , K.S. 2002 . Thermal Degradation Kinetics of Carotenoids and Visual Color of Papaya Puree . J. Food Sci , 67 ( 7 ) : 2692 – 2695 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anguelova , T. and Warthesen , J. 2000 . Degradation of Lycopene, α-carotene and β-carotene During Lipid Peroxidation . J. Food Sci , 65 : 71 – 75 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , M.T. and Chen , B.H. 2002 . Stability of Lycopene During Heating and Illumination in a Model System . Food Chem , 78 : 425 – 432 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakagawa , H. , Kushida , T. , Ogura , N. and Takehana , H. 1971 . Studies on Color of Tomatoes. V. Thermal Degradation of Lycopene and β-carotene. . Nihon Shokuhin Kogyo Gakkai , 18 : 259 – 263 .
   Google Scholar