Antioxidant Functions of E- AND Z-Ajoene Derived from Japanese Garlic

REFERENCES

• Giugliano , D. 2000 . Dietary antioxidants for cardiovascular prevention . Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. , 10 : 38 – 44 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agarwal , K. C. 1996 . Therapeutic actions of garlic constituents . Med. Res. Rev. , 16 : 111 – 124 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buiatti , E. , Palli , D. , Decarli , A. , Amadori , D. , Avellini , C. , Blanchi , S. , Biserni , R. , Cipriani , F. , Cocco , P. , Glacosa , A. , Marubini , E. , Puntoni , R. , Vindigni , C. , Fraumenti , J. and Blot , W. 1989 . A case-control study of gastric cancer and diet in Italy . Int. J. Cancer , 44 : 611 – 616 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• You , W.C. , Blot , W.J. , Chang , Y.S. , Ershow , A. , Yang , Z.T. , An , Q. , Henderson , B.E. , Fraumeni , J.F. and Wang , T.G. 1989 . Allium vegetables and reduced risk of stomach cancer . J. Natl. Cancer Inst. , 81 : 162 – 164 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Apitz-Castro , R. , Escalante , J. , Vargas , R. and Jain , M.K. 1986a . Ajoene, the antiplatelet principle of garlic, synergistically potentiates the antiaggregatory action of prostacyclin, forskolin, indomethacin and dypiridamole on human platelets . Thromb Res. , 42 : 303 – 311 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Apitz-Castro , R. , Ledezma , E. , Escalante , J. and Jain , M.K. 1986b . The molecular basis of the antiplatelet action of ajoene: direct interaction with the fibrinogen receptor. Biochem . Biophys. Res. Commun. , 14 : 145 – 150 .
   Google Scholar
• Apitz-Castro , R. , Ledezma , E. , Escalante , J. , Jorquera , A. , Pinate , F. M. , Morenorea , J. , Carrillo , G. , Leal , O. and Jain , M.K. 1988 . Reversible prevention of platelet activation by (E, Z)-4,5,9-trithiadodeca-1,6,11-triene 9-oxide (ajoene) in dogs under extra- corporeal circulation. Arzneimittel-Forschung . 38 : 901 – 904 .
   Google Scholar
• Apitz-Castro , R. , Jain , M.K. , Bartoli , F. , Ledezma , E. , Ruiz , M. C. and Salas , R. 1991 . Evidence for direct coupling of primary agonist-receptor interaction to the exposure of functional IIb-IIIa complexes in human blood platelets. Results from studies with the antiplatelet compound ajoene. Biochim . Biophys. Acta , 1094 : 269 – 280 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Apitz-Castro , R. , Badimon , J. J. and Badimon , L. A. 1994 . Garlic derivative, ajoene, inhibits platelet deposition on severely damaged vessel wall in an in vivo porcine experimental model . Thrombosis Res. , 75 : 243 – 249 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawson , L. D. , Wang , Z.-Y. J. and Hughes , B. G. 1991 . Identification and HPLC quantitation of the sulfides and dialk(en)yl thiosulfinates in commercial garlic products . Planta Med. , 57 : 363 – 370 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maeda , H. , Katsuki , T. , Akaike , T. and Yasutake , R. 1992 . High correlation between lipid peroxide radical and tumor-promoter effect: suppression of tumor promotion in the Epstein-Barr virus/B-lymphocyte system and scavenging of alkyl peroxide radicals by various vegetables extracts . Jap. J. Cancer Res. Gann , 52 : 923 – 928 .
   Google Scholar
• Halliwell , B. , Gutteridge , J. M. C. and Cross , E. E. J. 1992 . Free radicals, antioxidants, and human disease: where are we now? . J. Lab Clinical. Med. , 119 : 598 – 620 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavalieri , E. L. and Rogan , E. G. 1992 . The approach to understanding aromatic hydrocarbon carcinogenesis . The central role of radical cations in metabolic action. Pharmacol. Ther. , 55 : 183 – 199 .
   Google Scholar
• Salvemini , D. and Botting , R. 1993 . Modulation of platelet function by free radicals and free-radical scavengers . Trends Pharmacol. Sci. , 14 ( 2 ) : 36 – 42 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prasad , K. , Laxdal , V. A. , Yu , M. and Raney , B. L. 1995 . Antioxidant activity of allicin, an active principle in garlic . Mol. Cellular Biochem. , 148 : 183 – 189 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kourounakis , P. N. and Rekka , E. A. 1991 . Effect on active oxygen species of alliin and Allium sativum (garlic) powder . Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol. , 74 : 249 – 252 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rekka , E. A. and Kourounakis , P. N. 1994 . Investigation of the molecular mechanism of the antioxidant activity of some Allium sativum ingredients . Die Pharmazie , 49 : 539 – 540 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegers , C.-P. , Röbke , A. and Pentz , R. 1999 . Effects of garlic preparations on superoxide production by phorbol ester activated granulocytes. Phytomedicine . Int. J. Phytother. Phytopharmacol. , 6 : 13 – 16 .
   Google Scholar
• Popov , I. , Blumstein , A. and Lewin , G. 1994 . Antioxidant effects of aqueous garlic extract. 1st communication: direct detection using the photochemiluminescence . Arzneimittel-Forschung , 44 : 602 – 604 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim , S. M. , Kubota , K. and Kobayashi , A. 1997 . Antioxidative activity of sulfur-containing flavor compounds in garlic . Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. , 61 : 1482 – 1485 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yin , M.-C. and Cheng , W.-S. 1998 . Antioxidant activity of several Allium members . J Agric Food Chem. , 46 : 4097 – 4101 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirata , R. and Matsushita , S. 1996 . Reducing activity level of alliin. Biosci . Biotech. Biochem . , 60 : 484 – 485 .
   Google Scholar
• Rabinkov , A. , Miron , T. , Konstantinovski , L. , Wilchek , M. , Mirelman , D. and Weiner , L. 1998 . The mode of action of allicin: trapping of radicals and interaction with thiol containing proteins . Biochim. Biophys. Acta , 1379 : 233 – 244 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imai , J. , Ide , N. , Nagae , S. , Moriguchi , T. , Matsuura , H. and Itakura , Y. 1994 . Antioxidant and radical scavenging effects of aged garlic extract and its constituents . Planta Med. , 60 : 417 – 420 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao , H. and Parkin , K. L. 2002 . Antioxidant functions of selected Allium thiosulfinates and S-alk(en)-L-cysteine sulfoxides . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 50 : 2488 – 2493 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yin , M. , Hwang , S. and Chan , K. 2002 . Nonenzymatic antioxidant activity of four organosulfur compounds derived from garlic . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 50 : 6143 – 6147 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naznin , M. T. , Akagawa , M. , Okukawa , K. , Maeda , T. and Morita , N. 2008 . Characterization of E- and Z-Ajoene obtained from different varieties of garlics . Food Chem. , 106 : 1113 – 1119 .
   Google Scholar
• Blois , M. S. 1958 . Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical . Nature , 181 : 1199 – 1200 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamaguchi , T. , Takamura , H. , Matoba , T. and Terao , J. 1998 . HPLC method for evaluation of the free radical- scavenging activity of foods by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl . Biosci. Biotechno. Biochem. , 62 : 1201 – 1204 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin , H. -Y. and Chou , C. -C. 2004 . Antioxidative activities of water-soluble disaccharide chotosan derivatives . Food Res. Int. , 37 : 883 – 889 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halliwell , B. , Gutteridge , J. M. C. and Aruoma , O. I. 1987 . The deoxyribose method: a simple test-tube assay for determination of rate constants for reactions of hydroxyl radicals . Anal. Biochem. , 165 : 215 – 219 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yen , G.-C. and Chen , H.-Y. 1995 . Antioxidant activity of various tea extracts in relation to their antimutagenicity . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 43 : 27 – 32 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang , Z.-Y. , Hunt , J. V. and Wolff , S. P. 1992 . Ferrous ion oxidation in the presence of xylenol orange for detection of lipid hydroperoxide in low-density lipoprotein . Anal. Biochem. , 202 : 384 – 389 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erkoç , Ş. , Sümer , S. and Erkoç , F. 2003 . Structural and electronic properties of ajoene molecule . J. Mol. Struc. (Theochem) , 631 : 271 – 276 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buettner , G. R. 1993 . The pecking order of free radicals and antioxidants: lipid peroxidation, α-tocopherol, and ascorbate . Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , 300 : 535 – 543 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Block , E. and Ahmad , S. 1984 . (E, Z)-Ajoene a potent antithrombotic agent from garlic . J. Amer. Chem. Soc. , 106 : 8295 – 8296 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Youngman , R. J. 1984 . Oxygen activation: is the hydroxyl radical always biologically relevant? . Trends Biochem. Sci. , 9 : 280 – 283 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halliwell , B. , Murcia , M. A. , Chirico , S. and Aruoma , O. I. 1995 . Aruoma, free radicals and antioxidants in food and in vivo: What they do and how they work . Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. , 35 : 7 – 20 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hyslop , P. A. , Hinshaw , D. B. , Halsey , W. A. J. , Schraufstater , I. U. , Sauerheber , R. D. , Spragg , R. G. , Jackson , J. H. and Cochrane , C. G. 1988 . Mechanisms of oxidant-mediated injury . J. Biologic. Chem. , 263 : 1665 – 1675 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar