2,389
Views
40
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Effect of Pre-Germination Time on Amino Acid Profile and Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (GABA) Contents in Different Varieties of Malaysian Brown Rice

, , , , , , & show all
Pages 1386-1399 | Received 02 Jul 2009, Accepted 05 Feb 2010, Published online: 13 Oct 2011

REFERENCES

  • 2000 . Standard Tables of Food Composition in Japan, Resources Council, Science, and Technology Agency , 5th Japan
  • Champagne , E.T. , Wood , D.F. , Juliano , B.O. and Bechtel , D.B. 2004 . “ The rice grain and its gross composition ” . In Rice Chemistry and Technology , 3rd , 77 Minneapolis, MN : American Association of Cereal Chemists Press .
  • Bao , J. , Cheung , W.Y. and Wu , J.Y. 1995 . Brain L-glutamate decarboxylase: Inhibition by phosphorylation and activation by dephosphorylation . J Biol Chem , 270 : 6464 – 6467 .
  • Stanton , H.C. 1963 . Mode of action gamma aminobutyric acid on the cardiovascular system . Arch Inter Pharmacod , 143 : 195 – 204 .
  • Lacerda , J.E. , Campos , R.R. , Araujo , G.C. , Andreatta-Van , L.S , Lopes , O.U. and Guertzenstein , P.G. 2003 . Cardiovascular responses to microinjections of GABA or anesthetics into the rostral ventrolateral medulla of conscious and anesthetized rats . Braz J Med Biol Res , 36 : 1269 – 1277 .
  • Elliott , K.A.C. and Hobbiger , F. 1959 . GABA circulatory and respiratory effects in different species . Journal of Physiology , 146 : 70 – 84 .
  • Kim , H.Y. , Yokozawa , T. , Nakagawa , T. and Sasaki , S. 2004 . Protective effect of γ-aminobutyric acid against glycerol-induced acute renal failure in rats . Food Chem Toxicol , 42 : 2009 – 2014 .
  • Goel , R.K. , Abbas , W.R. , Maiti , R.N. and Bhattacharya , S.K. 1996 . Effect of continuous infusion of GABA and baclofen on gastric secretion in anaesthetised rats . Indian J Exp Biol , 34 : 978 – 981 .
  • Ito , Y. , Shen , M. , Kise , M. , Hayamizu , K. , Yoshino , G. and Yoshihara , R. 2005 . Effect of pre-germinated brown rice on postprandial blood glucose and insulin level in subjects with hyperglycemia . Japanese Journal of Food Chemistry , 12 : 80 – 84 .
  • Das , M. , Gupta , S. , Kapoor , V. , Banerjee , R. and Bal , S. 2008 . Enzymatic polishing of rice: A new processing technology . LWT—Food Sci Technol , 41 : 2079 – 2084 .
  • Lu , X. , Chen , Z. , Gu , Z. and Han , Y. 2008 . Isolation of [gamma]-aminobutyric acid-producing bacteria and optimization of fermentative medium . Biochemistry Engineering Journal , 41 : 48 – 52 .
  • Komatsuzaki , N. , Tsukahara , K. , Toyoshima , H. , Suzuki , T. , Shimizu , N. and Kimura , T. 2007 . Effect of soaking and gaseous treatment on GABA content in germinated brown rice . J Food Engin , 78 : 556 – 560 .
  • Ohtsubo , K.I. , Suzuki , K. , Yasui , Y. and Kasumi , T. 2005 . Bio-functional components in the processed pre-germinated brown rice by a twin-screw extruder . J Food Comp Anal , 18 : 303 – 316 .
  • Saikusa , T. , Horino , T. and Mori , Y. 1994 . Accumulation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the rice germ during water soaking . Biosci Biotechnol Biochem , 58 : 2291 – 2292 .
  • Ito , S. and Ishikawa , Y. 2004 . Marketing of value-added rice products in Japan: Germinated brown rice and rice bread , Rome, , Italy : Paper presented at the Conference FAO International Rice Year Symposium .
  • Rozan , P. , Kuo , Y.H. and Lambein , F. 2000 . Free amino acids present in commercially available seedlings sold for human consumption: a potential hazard for consumers . J Agric Food Chem , 48 : 716 – 723 .
  • Reddy , G.M. and Sekhar , B.P.S. 1982 . Amino acid profiles in some scented rice varieties . Theo Appl Gen , 62 : 35 – 37 .
  • Houston , F.R. , Allis , H.E. and Kohler , G.O. 1969 . Amino acid composition of rice and rice by-products . Cereal Chem , 46 : 527 – 537 .
  • USDA Standard Reference. USDA national nutrient database for standard reference, release 20. Nutrient data laboratory home page. 2007 http://www.ars.usda.gov/services/docs.htm?docid=8964 (http://www.ars.usda.gov/services/docs.htm?docid=8964)
  • Kihara , M. , Okada , Y. , Iimure , T. and Ito , K. 2007 . Accumulation and degradation of two functional constituents, GABA and β-glucan, and their varietal differences in germinated barley grains . Breed Sci , 57 : 85 – 89 .
  • Oh , S.H. and Choi , W.G. 2001 . Changes in the levels of γ-aminobutyric acid and glutamate decarboxylase in developing soybean seedlings . J Plant Res , 114 : 309 – 313 .
  • Kayahara , H. , Tsukahara , K. and Tatai , T. 2001 . “ Flavor health and nutritional quality of pre-germinated brown rice ” . In Food Flavors and Chemistry: Advances of the New Millennium , Edited by: Spanier , A.M. , Shahidi , F. , Parliment , T.H. , Mussinan , C. , Ho , C.T. and Contis , E.T. 546 London : Burlington House, RSC Publishing .
  • Mostafa , M.M. , Rahma , E.H. and Rady , A.H. 1987 . Chemical and nutritional changes in soybean during germination . Food Chem , 23 : 257 – 275 .
  • El-Shimi , N.M. , Damir , A.A. and Ragab , M. 1984 . Changes in some nutrients of fenugreek seeds during germination . Food Chem , 14 : 11 – 19 .
  • Babasaheb , B.D. 2004 . “ Seed germination ” . In Seeds Handbook: Biology, Production, Processing, and Storage , 2nd , 51 New York : CRC Press .
  • Zhang , H. , Yao , H.Y. and Chen , F. 2006 . Accumulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid in rice germ using protease . Biosci Biotechnol Biochem , 70 : 1160 – 1165 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.