The UPLC–ESI–QqQ_LIT–MS/MS method for quantitative determination of phytochemicals in ethanolic extracts of different parts of eight Ficus species: Development and validation

References

• Chaudhary, L. B.; Sudhakar, J. V.; Kumar, A.; Bajpai, O.; Tiwari, R.; Murthy, G. V. S. Synopsis of the Genus Ficus L. (Moraceae) in India. Taiwania 2012, 57, 193–216.
   Google Scholar
• Statistics from: FAOSTAT (Food and Agricultural organization of United Nations: economic and social department: the statistical division). (1943). US. UN Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database. http://faostat3.fao.org/browse/Q/QC/E. (accessed Sep 6, 2016).
   Google Scholar
• Singh, D.; Singh, B.; Goel, R. K. Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Ficus religiosa: A Review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2011, 134, 565–583. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.01.046.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sirisha, N.; Sreenivasulu, M.; Sangeeta, K.; Chetty, C. M. Antioxidant Properties of Ficus Species–A Review. International Journal of Chemtech Research 2010, 2, 2174–2182.
   Google Scholar
• Kuti, J. O.; Antioxidant Compounds From Four Opuntia Cactus Pear Fruit Varieties. Food Chemistry 2004, 85, 527–533. DOI: 10.1016/S0308-8146(03)00184-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Omar, M. H.; Mullen, W.; Crozier, A. Identification of Proanthocyanidin Dimers and Trimers, Flavone C-Glycosides, and Antioxidants in Ficus deltoidea, a Malaysian Herbal Tea. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 2011, 59, 1363–1369. DOI: 10.1021/jf1032729.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yin-Xian, S.; You-Kai, X.; Hua-Bin, H.; Zhi, N.; Wen-Hui, W. Preliminary Assessment of Antioxidant Activity of Young Edible Leaves of Seven Ficus Species in the Ethnic Diet in Xishuangbanna Southwest China. Food Chemistry 2011, 128, 889–894. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.03.113.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takahashi, T.; Okiura, A.; Saito, K.; Kohno, M. Identification of Phenylpropanoids in Fig (Ficus carica L.) Leaves. Journal Agriculture Food Chemistry 2014, 62, 10076−10083. DOI: 10.1021/jf5025938.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ammar, S.; Contreras, M. M.; Belguith-Hadrich, O.; Bouaziz, M.; Segura-Carretero, A. New Insights into the Qualitative Phenolic Profile of Ficus carica L. Fruits and Leaves from Tunisia Using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Quadrupole-Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry and Their Antioxidant Activity. RSC Advance 2015, 5, 20035–20050. DOI: 10.1039/C4RA16746E.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yılmaz, A.; Boğa, M.; Topçu, G.; Bener, M.; Özyürek, M.; Güçlü, K.; Apak, R.; Erbaş, S.; Baydar, H.; Xu, X.; et al. Novel Terpenoids with Potential Anti-Alzheimer Activity from Nepeta Obtusicrena. Record Natural Product 2016, 10, 530–541.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slatnar, A.; Klancar, U.; Stampar, F.; Veberic, R. Effect of Drying of Figs (Ficus carica L) on the Contents of Sugars, Organic Acids, and Phenolic Compounds. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 2011, 59, 11696–11702. DOI: 10.1021/jf202707y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smyth, T. J.; Ramachandran, V.; Brooks, P.; Smyth, W. F. Investigation of Antibacterial Phytochemicals in the Bark and Leaves of Ficus coronata by High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography‐Electrospray Ionization–Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry (Hplc‐Esi‐Msn) and ESI‐MSn. Electrophoresis 2012, 33, 713–718. DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100302.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeddes, N.; Chérif, J. K.; Guyot, S.; Baron, A.; Trabelsi-Ayadi, M. Phenolic Profile of Tunisian Opuntia ficus indica Thorn Less Form Flowers via Chromatographic and Spectral Analysis by Reversed Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-UV-Photodiode Array and Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometer. International Journal of Food Properties 2014, 17, 741–751. DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2012.665404.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alajmi, M. F.; Alam, P.; Siddiqui, N. A.; Basudan, O. A.; Hussain, A. Quantitative Analysis of Biomarker Rutin in Different Species of Genus Ficus by Validated NP and RP-HPTLC Methods. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2015, 28, 2213–2220.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basudan, O. A.; Alam, P.; Siddiqui, N. A.; Alajmi, M. F.; Alrehaily, A. J.; Alqasoumi, S. I.; Abdel-Kader, M. S.; Alam, P.; Donia, A. E. R. M. Development and Validation of A High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatographic Method for the Determination of Biomarker Β-Amyrin in the Leaves of Different Ficus Species. Journal of Planar Chromatography 2015, 28, 223–228. DOI: 10.1556/1006.2015.28.3.5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jasmine, R.; Manikandan, K.; Karthikeyan, K. Evaluating the Antioxidant and Anticancer Property of Ficus carica Fruits. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 2015, 14, 634–641. DOI: 10.5897/AJB.
   Google Scholar
• Shafaei, A.; Aisha, A. F.; Siddiqui, M. J. A.; Ismail, Z. Analysis of L-Citrulline and L-Arginine in Ficus deltoidea Leaf Extracts by Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Pharmacognosy Research 2015, 7, 32–37. DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.147196.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russo, F.; Caporaso, N.; Paduano, A.; Sacchi, R. Characterization of Volatile Compounds in Cilento (Italy) Figs (Ficus carica L.) Cv. Dottato as Affected by the Drying Process. International Journal of Food Properties 2017, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2017.1344991.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stintzing, F. C.; Schieber, A.; Carle, R. Identification of Betalains from Yellow Beet (Beta Vulgaris L.) And Cactus Pear [Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.] By High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 2002, 50, 2302–2307. DOI: 10.1021/jf011305f.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliveira, A. P.; Silva, L. R.; Ferreres, F.; De Pinho, G.; Valentão, P.; Silva, P.; Pereira, B. M.; Andrade, J. A.; Chemical, P. B. Assessment and in Vitro Antioxidant Capacity of Ficus carica Latex. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 2010, 58, 3393–3398. DOI: 10.1021/jf9039759.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dzolin, S.; Ahmad, R.; Zain, M. M.; Ismail, M. I. Flavonoid Distribution in Four Varieties of Ficus deltoidea (Jack). Journal of Medicinal Plant and Herbal Therapy Research 2015, 3, 1–9.
   Google Scholar
• Chua, L. S.; Hyphenated Technique of LC-PDALC-PDA-MS/MS for Phytochemical Profiling of Ficus deltoidea. In Crystallizing Ideas–The Role of Chemistry; Ramasami, P., Gupta Bhowon, M., Jhaumeer Laulloo, S., Li Kam Wah, H. Eds.; Springer International Publishing: New York City, 2016; pp 57–70.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, X.; Lv, H.; Li, Z.; Jian, K.; Lee, M. R. HPLC/QTOF‐MS/MS Application to Investigate Phenolic Constituents from Ficus pandurata H. Aerial Roots. Biomedical Chromatography 2015, 29, 860–868. DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3366.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaya, J.; Mahmood, S. Flavonoid Content in Leaf Extracts of the Fig (Ficus carica L.), Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) And Pistachio (Pistacia Lentiscus L.). Biofactors 2006, 28, 169–175. DOI: 10.1002/biof.v28:3/4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taskeen, A.; Naeem, I.; Mubeen, H.; Mehmood, T. Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Flavonoids in Two Ficus Species. New York Science Journal 2009, 2, 32–35.
   Google Scholar
• Ali, B.; Mujeeb, M.; Aeri, V.; Mir, S. R.; Ahmad, S.; Siddique, N. A.; Faiyazuddin, M.; Shakeel, F. High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Quantification of Bioactive Psoralen and Daidzein in Leaves of Ficus carica L. Natural Product Research 2011, 25, 1666–1670. DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.529446.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qin, H.; Zhou, G.; Peng, G.; Li, J.; Chen, J. Application of Ionic Liquid-Based Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Five Phenolic Compounds from Fig (Ficus carica L.) For HPLC-UV. Food Analytical Method 2015, 8, 1673–1681. DOI: 10.1007/s12161-014-0047-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vallejo, F.; Marín, J. G.; Tomás-Barberán, F. A. Phenolic Compound Content of Fresh and Dried Figs (Ficus carica L.). Food Chemistry 2012, 130, 485–492. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.07.032.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jolliffe, I. T.; Cadima, J. Principal Component Analysis: A Review and Recent Developments. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 2016, 374, 20150202. DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0202.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xanthopoulos, P.; Pardalos, P. M.; Trafalis, T. B. Principal Component Analysis. In Robust Data Mining; Pardalos, P. M., Pinter, J. D., Robinson, S. M., Terlaky, T., Thai, M. T. Eds; Springer: New York, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Bryant, D. K.; Monté, S.; Man, W. J.; Kramer, K.; Bugelski, P.; Neville, W.; White, I. R.; Camilleri, P. Principal Component Analysis of Mass Spectra of Peptides Generated from the Tryptic Digestion of Protein Mixtures. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 2001, 152, 418–427. DOI: 10.1002/rcm.247.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ICH Guideline Q2 (R1). Validation of Analytical Procedures: Text and Methodology. International Conference on Harmonization, Geneva, 1, 2005.
   Google Scholar