Nutritional and medicinal aspects of Rumex hastatus D. Don along with in vitro anti-diabetic activity

References

• Hafer, C. L.; Begue, L. Experimental Research on Just-world Theory: Problems, Developments, and Future Challenges. Psychol. Bull. 2005, 131(1), 128. DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.131.1.128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadiq, A.; Mahmood, F.; Ullah, F.; Ayaz, M.; Ahmad, S.; Haq, F. U.; Khan, G.; Jan, M. S. Synthesis, Anticholinesterase and Antioxidant Potentials of Ketoesters Derivatives of Succinimides: A Possible Role in the Management of Alzheimer’s. Chem. Cent. J. 2015, 9(1), 31. DOI: 10.1186/s13065-015-0107-2.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Holick, M. F.; Chen, T. C. Vitamin D Deficiency: A Worldwide Problem with Health Consequences. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2008, 87(4), 1080S–1086S. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/87.4.1080S.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magdoff, F. The World Food Crisis: Sources and Solutions. Mon. Rev. New York. 2008, 60(1), 1. DOI: 10.14452/MR-060-01-2008-05.
   Google Scholar
• Qureshi, R.; Bhatti, G. R.; Memon, R. A. Ethnomedicinal Uses of Herbs from Northern Part of Nara Desert, Pakistan. Pak. J. Bot. 2010, 42(2), 839–851.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Croteau, R.; Kutchan, T. M.; Lewis, N. G. Natural Products (secondary Metabolites). Biochem. Mol. Biol. Plants. 2000, 24, 1250–1319.
   Google Scholar
• Gershenzon, J.; Dudareva, N. The Function of Terpene Natural Products in the Natural World. Nat. Chem. Biol. 2007, 3(7), 408–414. DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2007.5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayaz, M.; Junaid, M.; Ullah, F.; Sadiq, A.; Khan, M. A.; Ahmad, W.; Shah, M. R.; Imran, M.; Ahmad, S. Comparative Chemical Profiling, Cholinesterase Inhibitions and Anti-radicals Properties of Essential Oils from Polygonum Hydropiper L: A Preliminary anti-Alzheimer’s Study. Lipids Health Dis. 2015, 14(1), 141. DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0145-8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ayaz, M.; Junaid, M.; Subhan, F.; Ullah, F.; Sadiq, A.; Ahmad, S.; Imran, M.; Kamal, Z.; Hussain, S.; Shah, S. M. Heavy Metals Analysis, Phytochemical, Phytotoxic and Anthelmintic Investigations of Crude Methanolic Extract, Subsequent Fractions and Crude Saponins from Polygonum Hydropiper L. BMC Complementary Altern. Med. 2014, 14(1), 465. DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-465.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ayaz, M.; Junaid, M.; Ahmed, J.; Ullah, F.; Sadiq, A.; Ahmad, S.; Imran, M. Phenolic Contents, Antioxidant and Anticholinesterase Potentials of Crude Extract, Subsequent Fractions and Crude Saponins from Polygonum Hydropiper L. BMC Complementary Altern. Med. 2014, 14(1), 145. DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-145.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shah, S.; Shah, S. M. M.; Ahmad, Z.; Yaseen, M.; Shah, R.; Sadiq, A.; Khan, S.; Khan, B. Phytochemicals, in Vitro Antioxidant, Total Phenolic Contents and Phytotoxic Activity of Cornus Macrophylla Wall Bark Collected from the North-West of Pakistan. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci. 2015, 28(1), 23–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah, S. M. M.; Sadiq, A.; Shah, S. M. H.; Khan, S. Extraction of Saponins and Toxicological Profile of Teucrium Stocksianum Boiss Extracts Collected from District Swat, Pakistan. Biol. Res. 2014, 47(1), 65. DOI: 10.1186/0717-6287-47-65.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wiedenfeld, H.; Edgar, J. Toxicity of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids to Humans and Ruminants. Phytochem. Rev. 2011, 10(1), 137–151. DOI: 10.1007/s11101-010-9174-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiedenfeld, H. Plants Containing Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids: Toxicity and Problems. Food Addit. Contam. 2011, 28(3), 282–292. DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2010.541288.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaafar, R. A.; Ahmad Ridhwan, A.; Zaini, N.; Vasudevan, R. Proximate Analysis of Dragon Fruit (hylecereus Polyhizus). Am. J. Appl. Sci. 2009, 6(7), 1341–1346. DOI: 10.3844/ajassp.2009.1341.1346.
   Google Scholar
• Guevara-Figueroa, T.; Jiménez-Islas, H.; Reyes-Escogido, M. L.; Mortensen, A. G.; Laursen, B. B.; Lin, L.-W.; De León-Rodríguez, A.; Fomsgaard, I. S., De La Rosa A.P.B. Proximate Composition, Phenolic Acids, and Flavonoids Characterization of Commercial and Wild Nopal (opuntia Spp.). J. Food Compost. Anal. 2010, 23(6), 525–532. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2009.12.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mellitus, D. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2005, 28, S37. DOI: 10.2337/diacare.28.suppl_1.S37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ha, B. G.; Yonezawa, T.; Son, M. J.; Woo, J. T.; Ohba, S.; Chung, U. I.; Yagasaki, K. Antidiabetic Effect of Nepodin, a Component of Rumex Roots, and Its Modes of Action in Vitro and in Vivo. BioFactors. 2014, 40(4), 436–447. DOI: 10.1002/biof.1165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yasmin, G.; Khan, M. A.; Shaheen, N. Pollen Morphology of Selected Polygonum L. Species (polygonaceae) from Pakistan and Its Taxonomic Significance. Pak. J. Bot. 2010, 42(6), 3693–3703.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jimoh, F.; Adedapo, A.; Aliero, A.; Afolayan, A. Polyphenolic Contents and Biological Activities of Rumex Ecklonianus. Pharm. Biol. 2008, 46(5), 333–340. DOI: 10.1080/13880200801887765.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rouf, A.; Islam, M.; Rahman, M. Evaluation of Antidiarrhoeal Activity Rumex Maritimus Root. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2003, 84(2), 307–310. DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(02)00326-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, S.; Sporer, F.; Wink, M.; Jourdane, J.; Henning, R.; Li, Y.; Ruppel, A. Anthraquinones in Rheum Palmatum and Rumex Dentatus (polygonaceae), and Phorbol Esters in Jatropha Curcas (euphorbiaceae) with Molluscicidal Activity against the Schistosome Vector Snails Oncomelania, Biomphalaria, and Bulinus. Trop. Med. Int. Health. 1997, 2(2), 179–188. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3156.1997.d01-242.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerem, Z.; Bilkis, I.; Flaishman, M. A.; Sivan, L. Antioxidant Activity and Inhibition of α-Glucosidase by trans-Resveratrol, Piceid, and a Novel trans-Stilbene from the Roots of Israeli Rumex Bucephalophorus L. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2006, 54(4), 1243–1247. DOI: 10.1021/jf052436+.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Getie, M.; Gebre-Mariam, T.; Rietz, R.; Höhne, C.; Huschka, C.; Schmidtke, M.; Abate, A.; Neubert, R. Evaluation of the Anti-microbial and Anti-inflammatory Activities of the Medicinal Plants Dodonaea Viscosa, Rumex Nervosus and Rumex Abyssinicus. Fitoterapia. 2003, 74(1), 139–143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baluchnejadmojarad, T.; Roghani, M. Chronic Rumex Patientia Seed Feeding Improves Passive Avoidance Learning and Memory in Streptozotocin-Diabetic Rats. Basic Clin. Neurosci. 2010, 1(4), 53–56.
   Google Scholar
• Alfawaz, M. A. Chemical Composition of Hummayd (rumex Vesicarius) Grown in Saudi Arabia. J. Food Compost. Anal. 2006, 19(6), 552–555. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2004.09.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yildirim, A.; Mavi, A.; Kara, A. A. Determination of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Rumex Crispus L. Extracts. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2001, 49(8), 4083–4089. DOI: 10.1021/jf0103572.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pilipenko, L.; Kolesnik, A. Lipids of the Leaf Vegetables Spinacea Oleracea, Latuca Sativa, and Rumex Acetosa. Chem. Nat. Compd. 1993, 29(2), 160–166. DOI: 10.1007/BF00630106.
   Google Scholar
• Jursik, M.; Holec, J.; Zatoriova, B. Biology and Control of Another Important Weeds of the Czech Republic: Broad-leaved Dock (rumex Obtusifolius) and Curled Dock (rumex Crispus). Listy Cukrovarnicke Reparske. 2008, 124(7–8), 215–219.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhatt, V.; Negi, G. Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Jaunsari Tribe of Garhwal Himalaya, Uttaranchal. Indian J. Tradit. Knowl. 2006, 5(3), 331–335.
   Google Scholar
• Ali, H.; Qaiser, M. The Ethnobotany of Chitral Valley, Pakistan with Particular Reference to Medicinal Plants. Pak. J. Bot. 2009, 41(4), 2009–2041.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rokaya, M. B.; Münzbergová, Z.; Timsina, B. Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants from the Humla District of Western Nepal. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2010, 130(3), 485–504. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.05.036.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manan, Z.; Razzaq, A.; Islam, M. Diversity of Medicinal Plants in Wari Subdivision District Upper Dir, Pakistan. Pak. J. Plant Sci. (Pakistan). 2007
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, R.; Hudson, J.; Manandhar, N.; Towers, G. Antiviral Activities of Medicinal Plants of Southern Nepal. J. Ethnopharmacol. 1996, 53(2), 105–110. DOI: 10.1016/0378-8741(96)01435-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ullah, A.; Rashid, A.; Parveen, S. N. Medicinal Plants Used in the Isolated Region of Bumburet, Kalash Valley, District Chitral, Pakistan. Pak. J. Weed Sci. Res. 2014, 20(3), 359–373.
   Google Scholar
• Zul, K.; Ullah, M.; Sajjad, A.; Farhat, U.; Abdul, S.; Muhammad, A.; Anwar, Z.; Muhammad, I. Ex-vivo Antibacterial, Phytotoxic and Cytotoxic, Potential in the Crude Natural Phytoconstituents of Rumex Hastatus D. Don. Pak. J. Bot. 2015, 47(SI):293–299.
   Google Scholar
• Vessal, M.; Hemmati, M.; Vasei, M. Antidiabetic Effects of Quercetin in Streptozocin-induced Diabetic Rats. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2003, 135(3), 357–364.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bansal, P.; Paul, P.; Mudgal, J.; Nayak, P. G.; Pannakal, S. T.; Priyadarsini, K.; Unnikrishnan, M. Antidiabetic, Antihyperlipidemic and Antioxidant Effects of the Flavonoid Rich Fraction of Pilea Microphylla (L.) In High Fat Diet/streptozotocin-induced Diabetes in Mice. Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. 2012, 64(6), 651–658. DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2010.12.009.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Li, H.; Song, F.; Xing, J.; Tsao, R.; Liu, Z.; Liu, S. Screening and Structural Characterization of α-glucosidase Inhibitors from Hawthorn Leaf Flavonoids Extract by Ultrafiltration LC-DAD-MS N and SORI-CID FTICR MS. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2009, 20(8), 1496–1503. DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2009.04.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmad, S.; Ullah, F.; Ayaz, M.; Sadiq, A.; Imran, M. Antioxidant and Anticholinesterase Investigations of Rumex Hastatus D. Don: Potential Effectiveness in Oxidative Stress and Neurological Disorders. Biol. Res. 2015, 48, 20. DOI: 10.1186/s40659-015-0010-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abbasi, A. M.; Khan, M. A.; Shah, M. H.; Shah, M. M.; Pervez, A.; Ahmad, M. Ethnobotanical Appraisal and Cultural Values of Medicinally Important Wild Edible Vegetables of Lesser Himalayas-Pakistan. J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomed. 2013, 9, 84. DOI: 10.1186/1746-4269-9-84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nisar, M.; Shah, S. M. M.; Khan, I.; Sheema, S. A.; Khan, S.; Shah, S. M. H. Larvicidal, Insecticidal, Brine Shrimp Cytotoxicity and Anti-oxidant Activities of Diospyros Kaki (L.) Reported from Pakistan. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci. 2015, 28, 1239–1243.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein, S.; Mirokhin, D.; Tchekhovskoi, D.; Mallard, W. G. The NIST Mass Spectral Search Program for the NIST/EPA/NIH Mass Spectra Library; Standard Reference Data Program of the National Institute of Standards and Technology; US Department of Commerce: Gaithersburg, MD, 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Adams, R. Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography/mass Spectrometry; Allured Publishing: Carol Stream, IL, 2007; pp 804.
   Google Scholar
• Muhammad, N.; Saeed, M.; Khan, H.; Hassan, S.; Gul, F. Evaluation of Viola Betonicifolia for Its Nutrition Value. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci. 2012, 25(3), 639–644.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harborne, A. Phytochemical Methods a Guide to Modern Techniques of Plant Analysis; Springer: Netherlands, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Taiga, A.; Suleiman, M.; Aina, D.; Sule, W.; Alege, G. Proximate Analysis of Some Dry Season Vegetables in Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 2008, 7(10), 1588–1590.
   Google Scholar
• Kumkrai, P.; Weeranantanapan, O.; Chudapongse, N. Antioxidant, Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitory Activity and Sub-chronic Toxicity of Derris Reticulata Extract: Its Antidiabetic Potential. BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 2015, 15, 35. DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0552-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bu, T.; Liu, M.; Zheng, L.; Guo, Y.; Lin, X. α‐glucosidase Inhibition and the in Vivo Hypoglycemic Effect of Butyl‐isobutyl‐phthalate Derived from the Laminaria Japonica Rhizoid. Phytotherapy Res. 2010, 24(11), 1588–1591. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elmazar, M. M.; El-Abhar, H. S.; Schaalan, M. F.; Farag, N. A. Phytol/Phytanic Acid and Insulin Resistance: Potential Role of Phytanic Acid Proven by Docking Simulation and Modulation of Biochemical Alterations. PloS One. 2013, 8(1), e45638. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045638.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perla, V.; Jayanty, S. S. Biguanide Related Compounds in Traditional Antidiabetic Functional Foods. Food Chem. 2013, 138(2–3), 1574–1580. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.09.125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green, B. D.; Gault, V. A.; O’Harte, F. P.; Flatt, P. R. Structurally Modified Analogues of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) and Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP) as Future Antidiabetic Agents. Curr. Pharm. Des. 2004, 10(29), 3651–3662. DOI: 10.2174/1381612043382774.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, R.; Lather, V.; Pandita, D.; Judge, V. N Arumugam K., Singh Grewal A. Synthesis, Docking and Antidiabetic Activity of Some Newer Benzamide Derivatives as Potential Glucokinase Activators. Lett. Drug Des. Discovery. 2017, 14(5), 540–553. DOI: 10.2174/1570180813666160819125342.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rayanil, K.-O.; Sutassanawichanna, W.; Suntornwat, O.; Tuntiwachwuttikul, P. A New Dihydrobenzofuran Lignan and Potential α-glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Isolated Compounds from Mitrephora Teysmannii. Nat. Prod. Res. 2016, 30(23), 2675–2681. DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1143830.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manoharan, D.; Kulanthai, K.; Sadhasivam, G.; Raji, V.; Thayumanavan, P. Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Antidiabetic Activity of Novel Indoline Derivatives. Bangladesh J. Pharmacol. 2017, 12(2), 167–172. DOI: 10.3329/bjp.v12i2.30872.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmad, Z.; Zamhuri, K. F.; Yaacob, A.; Siong, C. H.; Selvarajah, M.; Ismail, A.; Hakim, M. N. In Vitro Anti-diabetic Activities and Chemical Analysis of Polypeptide-k and Oil Isolated from Seeds of Momordica Charantia (bitter Gourd). Molecules. 2012, 17(8), 9631–9640. DOI: 10.3390/molecules17089631.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Itoh, Y.; Hinuma, S. GPR40, a Free Fatty Acid Receptor on Pancreatic β Cells, Regulates Insulin Secretion. Hepatol. Res. 2005, 33(2), 171–173. DOI: 10.1016/j.hepres.2005.09.028.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basha, R. H.; Sankaranarayanan, C. β-Caryophyllene, a Natural Sesquiterpene, Modulates Carbohydrate Metabolism in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats. Acta Histochem. 2014, 116(8), 1469–1479. DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2014.10.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim, C. C.; Ferguson, L. R.; Tannock, G. W. Dietary Fibres as “prebiotics”: Implications for Colorectal Cancer. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 2005, 49(6), 609–619. DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200500015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weickert, M. O.; Pfeiffer, A. F. Metabolic Effects of Dietary Fiber Consumption and Prevention of Diabetes. J. Nutr. 2008, 138(3), 439–442. DOI: 10.1093/jn/138.3.439.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, S.; Willett, W. C.; Manson, J. E.; Hu, F. B.; Rosner, B.; Colditz, G. Relation between Changes in Intakes of Dietary Fiber and Grain Products and Changes in Weight and Development of Obesity among Middle-aged Women. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2003, 78(5), 920–927. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/78.5.920.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, J. W.; Baird, P.; Davis, R. H.; Ferreri, S.; Knudtson, M.; Koraym, A.; Waters, V.; Williams, C. L. Health Benefits of Dietary Fiber. Nutr. Rev. 2009, 67(4), 188–205. DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00189.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guggisberg, D.; Cuthbert-Steven, J.; Piccinali, P.; Bütikofer, U.; Eberhard, P. Rheological, Microstructural and Sensory Characterization of Low-fat and Whole Milk Set Yoghurt as Influenced by Inulin Addition. Int. Dairy J. 2009, 19(2), 107–115. DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2008.07.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, C.-L.; Tetri, L. H.; Neuschwander-Tetri, B. A.; Huang, S. S.; San Huang, J. A Mechanism by Which Dietary Trans Fats Cause Atherosclerosis. J. Nutr. Biochem. 2011, 22(7), 649–655. DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.05.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winocur, G.; Greenwood, C. E. Studies of the Effects of High Fat Diets on Cognitive Function in a Rat Model. Neurobiol. Aging. 2005, 26(1), 46–49. DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2005.09.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferdinandusse, S.; Denis, S.; Mooyer, P. A.; Dekker, C.; Duran, M.; Soorani‐Lunsing, R. J.; Boltshauser, E.; Macaya, A.; Gärtner, J.; Majoie, C. B. Clinical and Biochemical Spectrum of D‐bifunctional Protein Deficiency. Ann. Neurol. 2006, 59(1), 92–104. DOI: 10.1002/ana.20702.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Den Boer, M. E.; Dionisi-Vici, C.; Chakrapani, A.; van Thuijl, A. O.; Wanders, R. J.; Wijburg, F. A. Mitochondrial Trifunctional Protein Deficiency: A Severe Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorder with Cardiac and Neurologic Involvement. J. Pediatr. 2003, 142(6), 684–689. DOI: 10.1067/mpd.2003.231.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohaghegh, P.; Hickson, I. D. DNA Helicase Deficiencies Associated with Cancer Predisposition and Premature Ageing Disorders. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2001, 10(7), 741–746. DOI: 10.1093/hmg/10.7.741.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olaitan, P. B.; Adeleke, O. E.; Iyabo, O. Honey: A Reservoir for Microorganisms and an Inhibitory Agent for Microbes. Afr. Health Sci. 2007, 7(3), 159–165
   Google Scholar
• Ren, G.; Chen, F. Degradation of Ginsenosides in American Ginseng (panax Quinquefolium) Extracts during Microwave and Conventional Heating. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1999, 47(4), 1501–1505. DOI: 10.1021/jf980678m.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tarade, K. M.; Singhal, R. S.; Jayram, R. V.; Pandit, A. B. Kinetics of Degradation of Saponins in Soybean Flour (glycine Max.) During Food Processing. J. Food Eng. 2006, 76(3), 440–445. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.05.044.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casal, S.; Oliveira, M. B.; Ferreira, M. A. HPLC/diode-array Applied to the Thermal Degradation of Trigonelline, Nicotinic Acid and Caffeine in Coffee. Food Chem. 2000, 68(4), 481–485. DOI: 10.1016/S0308-8146(99)00228-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zul, K.; Farhat, U.; Muhammad, A.; Abdul, S.; Sajjad, A.; Anwar, Z.; Abid, H.; Muhammad, I. Anticholinesterse and Antioxidant Investigations of Crude Extracts, Subsequent Fractions, Saponins and Flavonoids of Atriplex Laciniata L.: Potential Effectiveness in Alzheimer’s and Other Neurological Disorders. Biol. Res. 2015, 48, 21. DOI: 10.1186/s40659-015-0011-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeb, A.; Sadiq, A.; Ullah, F.; Ahmad, S.; Ayaz, M. Phytochemical and Toxicological Investigations of Crude Methanolic Extracts, Subsequent Fractions and Crude Saponins of Isodon Rugosus. Biol. Res. 2014, 47(1), 57. DOI: 10.1186/0717-6287-47-57.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zeb, A.; Sadiq, A.; Ullah, F.; Ahmad, S.; Ayaz, M. Investigations of Anticholinestrase and Antioxidant Potentials of Methanolic Extract, Subsequent Fractions, Crude Saponins and Flavonoids Isolated from Isodon Rugosus. Biol. Res. 2014, 47(1), 1–10. DOI: 10.1186/0717-6287-47-1.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ullah, F.; Ayaz, M.; Sadiq, A.; Hussain, A.; Ahmad, S.; Imran, M.; Zeb, A. Phenolic, Flavonoid Contents, Anticholinesterase and Antioxidant Evaluation of Iris Germanica Var; Florentina. Nat. Prod. Res. 2016, 30(12), 1440–1444. DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2015.1057585.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zgórka, G.; Kawka, S. Application of Conventional UV, Photodiode Array (PDA) and Fluorescence (FL) Detection to Analysis of Phenolic Acids in Plant Material and Pharmaceutical Preparations. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 2001, 24(5–6), 1065–1072. DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(00)00541-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar