Pharmacological, nutraceutical, functional and therapeutic properties of fennel (foeniculum vulgare)

References

• Roy, A.; Jauhari, N.; Bharadvaja, N. 6 Medicinal Plants as. Anticancer. Plants. 2018 Jul 2. 2, 109.
   Google Scholar
• Li, Y.; Kong, D.; Fu, Y.; Sussman, M. R.; Wu, H. The Effect of Developmental and Environmental Factors on Secondary Metabolites in Medicinal Plants. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 2020 Mar 1, 148,80–89. DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.01.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mutlu‐ingok, A.; Catalkaya, G.; Capanoglu, E.; Karbancioglu‐guler, F. Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Fennel, Ginger, Oregano and Thyme Essential Oils. Food. Front. Dec 2021, 2(4), 508–518. DOI: 10.1002/fft2.77.
   Google Scholar
• Kooti, W.; Moradi, M.; Ali-Akbari, S.; Sharafi-Ahvazi, N.; Asadi-Samani, M.; Ashtary-Larky, D. Therapeutic and Pharmacological Potential of Foeniculum Vulgare Mill: A Review. J. Herbmed Pharmacol. 2015 May 26, 4, 1, 1–9.
   Google Scholar
• Riska, S. R.; Yetti, R. D.; Rivai, H. Overview of Traditional Use, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Activities of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare). Int. j. mod. pharm. res. 2020, 5(12), 1–9. DOI: 10.47760/ijpsm.2020.v05i12.001.
   Google Scholar
• Badgujar, S. B.; Vv, P.; Ah, B. Foeniculum Vulgare Mill: A Review of Its Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Contemporary Application, and Toxicology. Biomed Res. Int. Oct 2014, 2014. DOI:10.1155/2014/842674.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farid, A.; Kamel, D.; Montaser, S. A.; Ahmed, M. M.; El Amir, M.; El Amir, A. Synergetic Role of Senna and Fennel Extracts as Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Mutagenic Agents in Irradiated Human Blood Lymphocyte Cultures. J. Radiat. Res. Appl. Sci. 2020 Jan 1; 13 1, 191–199. DOI:10.1080/16878507.2020.1723948.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castaldo, L.; Izzo, L.; De Pascale, S.; Narváez, A.; Rodriguez-Carrasco, Y.; Ritieni, A. Chemical Composition, in vitro Bioaccessibility and Antioxidant Activity of Polyphenolic Compounds from Nutraceutical Fennel Waste Extract. Molecules. 2021 Mar 31; 26 7, 1968. DOI:10.3390/molecules26071968.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehra, N.; Tamta, G.; Nand, V. Phytochemical Screening and in vitro Antioxidant Assays in Foeniculum Vulgare Mill.(fennel) Seeds Collected from Tarai Region in the Uttarakhand. Indian J. Nat. Prod. Resour (IJNPR) Nat. Prod. Radiance (NPR)]. 2022 Jul 26, 13, 2, 213–222.
   Google Scholar
• Pacifico, S.; Galasso, S.; Piccolella, S.; Kretschmer, N.; Pan, S. P.; Nocera, P.; Lettieri, A.; Bauer, R.; Monaco, P. Winter Wild Fennel Leaves as a Source of Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Polyphenols. Arabian J. Chem. 2018 May 1; 11 4, 513–524. DOI:10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.06.026.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bettaieb Rebey, I.; Bourgou, S.; Detry, P.; Wannes, W. A.; Kenny, T.; Ksouri, R.; Sellami, I. H.; Fauconnier, M. L. Green Extraction of Fennel and Anise Edible Oils Using Bio-Based Solvent and Supercritical Fluid: Assessment of Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Property, and Oxidative Stability. Food Bioprocess. Technol. Oct 2019, 12(10), 1798–1807. DOI: 10.1007/s11947-019-02341-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dheebisha, C.; Vishwanath, Y. C. Advances in Cultivation of Fennel. J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem. 2020, 9(2), 1295–1300.
   Google Scholar
• Kwiatkowski, P.; Giedrys-Kalemba, S.; Mizielinska, M.; Bartkowiak, A. Antibacterial Activity of Rosemary, Caraway and Fennel Essential Oils. Herba. Polonica. 2015, 61(4), 31–39. DOI: 10.1515/hepo-2015-0029.
   Google Scholar
• Ahmed, A. F.; Shi, M.; Liu, C.; Kang, W. Comparative Analysis of Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oils and Extracts of Fennel (Foeniculum Vulgare Mill.) Seeds from Egypt and China. Food Sci. Hum. Wellness. 2019 Mar 1; 8(1), 67–72. DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2019.03.004.
   Google Scholar
• Moradi, H.; Farshadfar, M.; Shirvani, H.; Soltani, M.; Gholipour, M.Investigation of the Antibacterial Effect of Fennel and Propolis Extract on Food Microorganisms.Honeybee Sci. J.2020 Aug 2211,20.
   Google Scholar
• Aamir, F. A.; Bashir, H. U.; Mahmood, M. A. Antifungal Activity of Freshly Growing Seeds of Fennel (Foeniculum Vulgare). Pakistan J. Med. Health Sci. 2018, 12(4), 1–3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeng, H.; Chen, X.; Liang, J. In vitro Antifungal Activity and Mechanism of Essential Oil from Fennel (Foeniculum Vulgare L.) on Dermatophyte Species. J. Med. Microbiol. 2015 Jan 1; 64 1, 93–103. DOI:10.1099/jmm.0.077768-0.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Olaru, D.; Popa, E. M. In vitro Research on the Inhibitory Effects of Fennel. Sage and Seabuckthorn Essential Oils on Some Food Spoilage Fungi. Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies. 2019, 23, 87–90.
   Google Scholar
• Marinov, V.; Valcheva-Kuzmanova, S. Review on the Pharmacological Activities of Anethole. Scr. Sci. Pharm. 2015 Nov 24; 2 2, 14–19. DOI:10.14748/ssp.v2i2.1141.
   Google Scholar
• Mostafa, G.; Nahid, J.; Alireza, D.; Ebrahim, S. S.; Sabour Ebrahim, S.Effect of Foeniculum Vulgare Aqueous and Alcoholic Seed Extract Against Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis.Ethiop. J. Health Sci.,2021 Mar 131,2,10.4314/ejhs.v31i2.23.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noreen, S.; Tufail, T.; Bader Ul Ain, H.; Ali, A.; Aadil, R. M.; Nemat, A.; Manzoor, M. F. Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Fennel Seeds and Flaxseed. Food Sci. Nutr. 2023, 00(3), 1–9. DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3165.
   Google Scholar
• Singh, S. P. A Comprehensive Review on Pharmacological Activity of Foeniculum Vulgare. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 2019, 7(1), 23–27.
   Google Scholar
• Alvarado-García, P. A.; Soto-Vasquez, M. R.; Rosales-Cerquin, L. E.; Rodrigo-Villanueva, E. M.; Jara-Aguilar, D. R.; Tuesta-Collantes, L. Anxiolytic and Antidepressant-Like Effects of Foeniculum Vulgare Essential Oil. Pharmacogn. J. 2022, 14(2), 425–431. DOI: 10.5530/pj.2022.14.54.
   Google Scholar
• Anka, Z. M.; Gimba, S.; Nanda, A.; Salisu, L. Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities of Foeniculum Vulgare. IOSR J. Pharm. 2020, 10, 1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Goswami, N.; Jain, S.; Chatterjee, S. Nutritive Importance and Medicinal Properties of Foeniculum Vulgare Mill.(fennel) and Trachyspermum Ammi L.(ajwain). Therapeutic Implications Nat. Bioact. Compd.2022 Sep 8. 3,135–154.
   Google Scholar
• Kishore, N.; Verma, A. K. Foeniculum Vulgare Mill: Flavoring, Pharmacological, Phytochemical, and Folklore Aspects. Medicinal Plants, 2022 Aug 4; Amit Baran Sharangi and K. V. Peter, Eds.; pp. 77–91. New York: Apple Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Xu, Y.; Yang, Q.; Wang, X. Efficacy of Herbal Medicine (Cinnamon/Fennel/Ginger) for Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J. Int. Med. Res. 2020 Jun, 48(6). doi: 10.1177/0300060520936179.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bayrami, A.; Shirdel, A.; Pouran, S. R.; Mahmoudi, F.; Habibi-Yangjeh, A.; Singh, R.; Raman, A. A. Co-Regulative Effects of Chitosan-Fennel Seed Extract System on the Hormonal and Biochemical Factors Involved in the Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. Mater. Sci. Eng. C. 2020 Dec 1, 117,111351. 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111351.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yadav, U.; Kaushik, I.; Khurana, S.; Prakash, K.Bioactive Compounds in Fennel Seed.Spice Bioactive Compounds; Sajad Ahmad Wani, Ajay Singh and Pradyuman Kumar, Eds.; 2022 Oct 5 ,pp. 315–338, Boca Raton: CRC Press.
   Google Scholar
• Zakernezhad, F.; Barati, M.; Sanadgol, N.; Movahhedi, M.; Majd, A.; Golab, F. The Association Between Fennel Extract, Serum Lipid Profile, and Leptin Receptor Expression. Basic Clin. Neurosci. Nov 2021, 12(6), 711. DOI: 10.32598/bcn.2021.998.2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavanya, K.; Krishnadhas, L. A Review on Anti-Diabetic Activity of Medicinal Spices. Int. J. Pharma. Sci. Rev. Res. 2021, 69(1), 72–76. DOI: 10.47583/ijpsrr.2021.v69i01.011.
   Google Scholar
• Syed, F. Q.; Mirza, M. B.; Elkady, A. I.; Hakeem, K. R.; Alkarim, S. An Insight of Multitudinous and Inveterate Pharmacological Applications of Foeniculum Vulgare (Fennel).Plant and Human Health, 2019 Vol. 3; Ozturk, M. and Hakeem, K. R., Eds.; pp. 231–254,Springer,Cham.
   Google Scholar
• Kaveh, R.; Naghmachi, M.; Motaghi, M. M.; Amirmahani, F.; Danaei, M. Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities and Anticancer Effects of Fennel Seeds (Foeniculum Vulgare) Against Lung Cancer Cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences. 2022 Nov 1:1–6.
   Google Scholar
• Ke, W.; Wang, H.; Zhao, X.; Lu, Z. Foeniculum Vulgare Seed Extract Exerts Anti-Cancer Effects on Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Food. Funct. 2021, 12(4), 1482–1497. DOI: 10.1039/D0FO02243H.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, S.; Long, Y.; Li, D.; Shi, A.; Deng, J.; Ma, Y.; Wen, J.; Li, X.; Zhang, Y.; Liu, S., et al. Natural Essential Oils Efficacious in Internal Organs Fibrosis Treatment: Mechanisms of Action and Application Perspectives. Pharmacol. Res. 2022 Jul 2, 182,106339. 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106339.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samadi‐noshahr, Z.; Hadjzadeh, M. A.; Moradi‐marjaneh, R.; Khajavi‐rad, A. The Hepatoprotective Effects of Fennel Seeds Extract and Trans‐anethole in Streptozotocin‐induced Liver Injury in Rats. Food Sci. Nutr. Feb 2021, 9(2), 1121–1131. DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2090.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanveer, M.; Shehzad, A.; Butt, M. S.; Shahid, M. Pharmacodynamics of Foeniculum Vulgare Against Ulcer, Inflammation, Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity. J Anim Plant Sci. (Pakistan). 2021, 31(3), 841–853.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akram, M.; Adetunji, C. O.; Mohiuddin, E.; Oladosun, T. O.; Ozolua, P.; Olisaka, F. N.; Egbuna, C.; Olugbenga, S. M.; Adetunji, J. B.; Hameed, L., et al. Prospects of Phytochemicals for the Treatment of Helminthiasis. In Neglected Tropical Diseases and Phytochemicals in Drug Discovery, Egbuna, C., Akram, M. Ifemeje, J., Eds.; Wiley: New Jersey, 2021; pp. 199–223. DOI: 10.1002/9781119617143.ch7.
   Google Scholar
• Awuchi CG. Important Medicinal and Aromatic Plants – Africa.Ed.In Awuchi, C. G. Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), Developed Under the Auspices of UNESCO,ELOSS Publishers ,Paris, France 2023; 1–104.
   Google Scholar
• Awuchi CG. Medicinal Plants and Herbal Medicines in Africa.Important Medicinal and Aromatic Plants – AfricaImportant Medicinal and Aromatic Plants – Africa; Awuchi, C. G.; Ed.; ELOSS Publishers Paris, France. 2023; 1–21.
   Google Scholar
• Nwozo, O. S.; Effiong, E. M.; Aja, P. M.; Awuchi, C. G. Antioxidant, Phytochemical, and Therapeutic Properties of Medicinal Plants: A Review. Int. J. Food. Prop. 2023, 26(1), 359–388. DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2157425.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naderi, G. A.; Roghani, M.; Esmaeil Jamaat, E.; Zahedi, E.; Sanaeirad, A. The Effect of Foeniculum Vulgare (Fennel) Hydroalcoholic Extract on Serum Lipid Profiles and Liver Enzymes in Male Rats Fed a High Cholesterol Regimen. J. Basic Clin. Pathophysiol. 2019 Dec 1, 7(2), 20–27.
   Google Scholar