A wind tunnel test of newly developed personal bioaerosol samplers

References

• ACGIH . 1985 . Particle Size-Selective Sampling in the Workplace. Report of the ACGIH Technical Committee on Air Sampling Procedures , Cincinnati , OH : American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists .
   Google Scholar
• Aizenberg , V. , Grinshpun , S.A. , Willeke , K. , Smith , J. and Baron , P.A. 2000 . Performance characteristics of the button personal inhalable aerosol sampler . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 61 : 398 – 404 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , B.T. , Feather , G.A. , Maynard , A. and Rao , C.Y. 2004 . Development of a personal sampler for collecting fungal spores . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 38 : 926 – 937 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng , Y.S. , Irshad , H. , McFarland , A.R. , Su , W.C. , Zhou , Y. and Barringer , D. 2004 . An aerosol wind tunnel for evaluation of massive-flow air samplers and calibration of Snow White sampler . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 38 : 1099 – 1107 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fakhri , Z.I. 1998 . “ Biological hazards ” . In Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety , 4th , Edited by: Stellman , J. M. 38.2 Geneva : International Labour Office .
   Google Scholar
• Gorner , P. , Fabries , J.F. , Duquenne , P. , Witschger , O. and Wrobel , R. 2006 . Bioaerosol sampling by a personal rotation cup sampler CIP 10-M . J. Environ. Monit. , 8 : 43 – 48 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorny , R.L. , Dutkiewicz , J. and Krysinska-Traczyk , E. 1999 . Size distribution of bacterial and fungal bioaerosols in indoor air . Ann. Agric. Environ. Med. , 6 : 105 – 113 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grinshpun , S.A. , Chang , C.W. , Nevalainen , A. and Willeke , K. 1994 . Inlet characteristics of bioaerosol samplers . J. Aerosol Sci. , 25 ( 8 ) : 1503 – 1522 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hinds , W.C. 1999 . Aerosol technology: Properties, behavior, and measurement of airborne particles , New York , NY : John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Hunter , P.R. 1992 . Occupational infections of healthcare workers. Part II: Herpesviruses, influenza, and miscellaneous viral infections . Microbiol. Eur. , 1 ( 2 ) : 14 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• Irshad , H. , Su , W.C. , Cheng , Y.S. and Medici , F. 2006 . Testing of high-volume sampler inlets for the sampling of atmospheric radionuclides . Health Phys , 91 ( 3 ) : 188 – 199 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen , P.A. , Todd , W.F. , Davis , G.N. and Scarpino , P.V. 1992 . Evaluation of eight bioaerosol samplers challenged with aerosols of free bacteria . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 53 ( 10 ) : 660 – 667 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kar , K. and Gautam , M. 1995 . Orientation bias of the isolated 10-mm nylon cyclone at low stream velocity . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. , 56 ( 11 ) : 1090 – 1098 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy , N.J. , Tatyan , K. and Hinds , W.C. 2001 . Comparison of a simplified and full-size mannequin for the evaluation of inhalable sampler performance . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 35 : 564 – 568 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenny , L.C. , Aitken , R. , Chalmers , C. , Fabries , J.F. , Gonzalez-Fernandez , E. , Kromhout , H. , Liden , G. , Mark , D. , Riediger , G. and Prodi , V. 1997 . A collaborative European study of personal inhalable aerosol sampler performance . Ann. Occup. Hyg. , 41 ( 2 ) : 135 – 153 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotimaa , M. 1990 . Occupational exposure to spores in the handling of wood chips . Grana , 29 : 153 – 156 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lacey , J. and Dutkiewicz , J. 1994 . Bioaerosol and occupational lung disease . J. Aerosol. Sci. , 25 : 1371 – 1404 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin , X. , Reponen , T.A. , Willeke , K. , Grinshpun , S.A. , Foarde , K.K. and Ensor , D.S. 1999 . Long-term sampling of airborn bacteria and fungi into a non-evaporating liquid . Atmos. Environ. , 33 : 4291 – 4298 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin , X. , Reponen , T. , Willeke , K. , Wang , Z. , Grinshpun , S.A. and Trunov , M. 2000 . Survival of airborn microorganisms during swirling aerosol collection . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 32 : 184 – 196 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindsley , W.G. , Schmechel , D. and Chen , B.T. 2006 . A two-stage cyclone using microcentrifuge tubes for personal bioaerosol sampling . J. Environ. Monit. , 8 : 1136 – 1142 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mark , D. and Vincent , J.H. 1986 . A new personal sampler for airborne total dust in workplaces . Ann. Occup. Hyg. , 30 ( 1 ) : 89 – 102 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meklin , T. , Reponen , T. , Toivola , M. , Koponen , V. , Husman , T. , Hyvarinen , A. and Nevalainen , A. 2002 . Size distributions of airborne microbes in moisture-damaged and reference school buildings of two construction types . Atmos. Environ. , 36 : 6031 – 6039 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olenchock , S.A. 1988 . Quantitation of airborne endotoxin levels in various occupational environments . Scand. J. Work Envir. Health , 14 ( S ) : 72 – 73 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reponen , T. , Hyvarinen , A. , Ruuskanen , J. , Raunemaa , T. and Nevalainen , A. 1994 . Comparison of concentrations and size distributions of fungal spores in buildings with and without mould problems . J. Aerosol Sci. , 25 ( 8 ) : 1595 – 1603 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sigaev , G.I. , Tolchinsky , A.D. , Sigaev , V.I. , Soloviev , K.G. , Varfolomeev , A.N. and Chen , B.T. 2006 . Development of a cyclone-based aerosol sampler with re-circulating liquid film: Theory and experiment . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 40 : 293 – 308 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tolchinsky , A.D. , Sigaev , V.I. , Sigaev , G.I. , Varfolomeev , A.N. , Zvyagina , E.V. , Brasel , T. and Cheng , Y.S. 2010 . Development of a personal bioaerosol sampler based on a conical cyclone with re-circulating liquid film . J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 7 ( 3 ) : 156 – 162 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tolchinsky , A.D. , Sigaev , V.I. , Varfolomeev , A.N. , Uspenskaya , S.N. , Cheng , Y.S. and Su , W.C. 2011 . Performance evaluation of two personal bioaerosol samplers . J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A , 46 : 1690 – 1698 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Upton , S.L. , Mark , D. , Douglass , E.J. , Hall , D.J. and Griffiths , W.D. 1994 . A wind tunnel evaluation of the physical sampling efficiencies of three bioaerosol samplers . J. Aerosol Sci. , 25 ( 8 ) : 1493 – 1501 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verreault , D. , Gendron , L. , Rousseau , G.M. , Veillette , M. , Massé , D. , Lindsley , W.G. , Moineau , S. and Duchaine , C. 2011 . Detection of airborne lactococcal bacteriophages in cheese manufacturing plants . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 77 ( 2 ) : 491 – 497 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vincent , J.H. 2007 . Aerosol Sampling: Science, Standards, Instrumentation and Applications , West Sussex , , UK : John Wiley & Son Ltd .
   Google Scholar
• Willeke , K. , Lin , X. and Grinshpun , S.A. 1998 . Improved aerosol collection by combined impaction and centrifugal motion . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 28 : 439 – 456 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou , Y. and Cheng , Y.S. 2010 . Evaluation of IOM personal sampler at different flow rates . J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , 7 ( 2 ) : 88 – 93 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar