A suggested method for dispersion model evaluation

References

• American Society for Testing and Materials. 2010. Standard Guide for Statistical Evaluation of Atmospheric Dispersion Model Performance (D6589). West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM. Available at http://www.astm.org (http://www.astm.org)
   Google Scholar
• Bowne , N.E. , Londergan , R.J. , Murray , D.R. and Borenstein , H.S. 1983 . Overview, Results, and Conclusions for the EPRI Plume Model Validation and Development Project: Plains Site , Palo Alto , CA : Electric Power Research Institute . EPRI EA-3074, Project 1616-1
   Google Scholar
• Chang, J.C.S.R. Hanna. 2005. Technical Descriptions and User's Guide for the BOOT Statistical Model Evaluation Software Package, Version 2.0 http://www.harmo.org/kit/Download.asp (http://www.harmo.org/kit/Download.asp)
   Google Scholar
• Cimorelli , A.J. , Perry , S.G. , Venkatram , A. , Weil , J.C. , Paine , R.J. , Wilson , R.B. , Lee , R.F. , Peters , W.D. and Brode , R.W. 2005 . AERMOD: A dispersion model for industrial source applications. Part I: General model formulation and boundary layer characterization . J. Appl. Meteorol , 44 : 682 – 93 . doi: 10.1175/JAM2227.1
   Google Scholar
• Cox , W.M. and Tikvart , J.A. 1990 . Statistical procedure for determining the best performing air quality simulation model . Atmos. Environ , 24A:2387–95
   Google Scholar
• Efron , B. and Tibshirani , R.J. 1993 . An Introduction to the Bootstrap , New York , NY : Chapman & Hall . Monographs on Statistics and Applied Probability 57
   Google Scholar
• Fox , D.G. 1984 . Uncertainty in air quality modeling . Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc , 65 : 27 – 36 . doi: 10.1175/1520-0477(1984
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golder , D. 1972 . Relations among stability parameters in the surface layer . Bound. Layer Meteorol , 3 : 47 – 58 . doi: 10.1007/BF00769106
   Google Scholar
• Hanna , S.R. 1993 . Uncertainties in air quality model predictions . Bound. Layer Meteorol , 62 : 3 – 20 . doi: 10.1007/BF00705545
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanna , S.R. and Paine , R.J. 1989 . Hybrid plume dispersion mopdel (HPDM) development and evaluation . J. Appl. Meteorol , 28 : 206 – 24 . doi: 10.1007/BF00705545
   Google Scholar
• Irwin , J.S. 1979 . “ Estimating plume dispersion—A recommended generalized scheme ” . In Proceedings of the 4th Symposium on Turbulence, Diffusion, and Air Pollution, Jan , 62 – 69 . Boston , MA : American Meteorological Society . 15–18, 1979, Reno, NV
   Google Scholar
• Irwin , J.S. and Hanna , S.R. 2005 . Characterizing uncertainty in plume dispersion models . Int. J. Environ. Pollut , 25 ( 1/2/3/4 ) : 16 – 24 . doi: 10.1504/IJEP.2005.007651
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irwin , J.S. and Rosu , M.-R. 1998 . “ Comments on a draft practice for statistical evaluation of atmospheric dispersion models ” . In Proceedings of the 10th Joint Conference on the Application of Air Pollution Meteorology with the A&WMA , 6 – 10 . Phoenix : AZ .
   Google Scholar
• Irwin , J.S. , Petersen , W.B. and Howard , S.C. 2007 . Probabilistic characterization of atmospheric transport and diffusion . J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol , 46 : 980 – 93 . doi: 10.1175/JAM2515.1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irwin , J.S. , Rao , S.T. , Petersen , W.B. and Turner , D.B. 1987 . Relating error bounds for maximum concentration predictions to diffusion meteorology uncertainty . Atmos. Environ , 21 : 1927 – 37 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu , M.-K. and Moore , G.E. 1984 . Diagnostic Validation of Plume Models at a Plains Site , EA-3077. Palo Alto , CA : Electric Power Research Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Pasquill , F. 1976 . Atmospheric Dispersion Parameters in Gaussian Plume Modeling—Part III: Possible Requirements for Change in the Turner's Workbook Values , EPA-600/4-76-030B. Research Triangle Park, NC: U. S. Environmental Protection Agency .
   Google Scholar
• Perry , S.P , Cimorelli , A.J. , Paine , R.J. , Brode , R.W. , Weil , J.C. , Venkatram , A. , Wilson , R.B. , Lee , R.F. and Peters , W.D. 2005 . AERMOD: A dispersion model for industrial source applications. Part II: Model performance against 17 field study databases . J. Appl. Meteorol , 44 : 694 – 708 . doi: 10.1175/JAM2228.1
   Google Scholar
• Stein , A.F. and Wyngaard , J.C. 2001 . Fluid modeling and the evaluation of inherent uncertainty . J. Appl. Meteorol , 40 : 1769 – 74 . FMATEO>2.0.CO;2 doi: 10.1175/1520-0450(2001)040<1769
   Google Scholar
• Turner , D.B. 1970 . Workbook of Atmospheric Dispersion Estimates , NC: Office of Air Programs : Research Triangle Park . AP-26
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1978, 1986, 1987, 1995, . 2005 . Guideline on Air Quality Models , NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency : Research Triangle Park . EPA-450/2-78-027. [This Guideline has been updated several times: 1986 as EPA-450/2-78-027R; 1987 as EPA/450/2 78/027R SUPPL A; 1993 as EPA 450/2 78 027R B, and 1995 it was updated and incorporated into Appendix W to 40 CFR Part 51.] Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency . 1995 . Industrial Source Complex (ISC3) Dispersion Model , Research Triangle Park , NC : U.S. Environmental Protection Agency . User's Guide. EPA 454/B 95 003a (vol. I) and EPA 454/B 95 003b (vol. II)
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency . 2004 . AERMOD: Description of Model Formulation , Research Triangle Park , NC : U.S. Environmental Protection Agency .
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency . 2012a . Addendum User's Guide for the AMS/EPA Regulatory Model—AERMOD , Research Triangle Park , NC: U.S : Environmental Protection Agency . [Addendum to EPA-454/B-03-001 (dated September 2004)]
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency . 2012b . Addendum User's Guide for the AERMOD Meteorological Preprocessor—AERMET , Research Triangle Park , NC: U.S : Environmental Protection Agency. . [Addendum to EPA-454/B-03-002 (dated November 2004)]
   Google Scholar
• Venkatram , A. 1979 . The expected deviation of observed concentrations from predicted ensemble means . Atmos. Environ , 11 : 1547 – 49 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venkatram , A. 1988 . “ Topics in applied modeling ” . In Lectures on Air Pollution Modeling , Edited by: Venkatram , A. and Wyngaard , J.C. 267 – 324 . Boston , MA : American Meteorological Society . Ined
   Google Scholar
• Weil , J.C. 1985 . Updating applied diffusion models . J. Appl. Meteorol , 24 : 1111 – 30 .
   Google Scholar
• Weil , J.C. , Sykes , R.I. and Venkatram , A. 1992 . Evaluating air-quality models: Review and outlook . J. Appl. Meteorol , 31 : 1121 – 45 . EAQMRA>2.0.CO;2 doi: 10.1175/1520-0450(1992)031<1121
   Google Scholar