1,632
Views
15
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Technical Papers

Particle size distribution and its relationship to black carbon in two urban and one rural site in Santiago de Chile

, , , , , & show all
Pages 785-796 | Received 20 Jan 2014, Accepted 22 Jan 2014, Published online: 24 Jun 2014

References

  • Aalto, P., K. Hämeri, E. Becker, R. Weber, J. Salm, J.M. Mäkelä, C. Hoell, C.D. O’Dowd, H. Karlsson, H.-C. Hansson, et al. 2001. Physical characterization of aerosol particles during nucleation events. Tellus 53B:344–358. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0889.2001.530403.x
  • Apte, J., T.W. Kirchstetter, A.H. Reich, S.J. Deshpande, G. Kaushik, A. Chel, J.D. Marshall, and W.W. Nazaroff. 2011. Concentrations of fine, ultrafine, and black carbon particles in auto-rickshaws in New Delhi, India. Atmos. Environ. 45, 4470–4480. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.05.028
  • Artaxo, P., P. Oyola, and R. Martínez. 1999. Aerosol composition and source apportionment in Santiago de Chile. Nucl. Inst. Methods B 150:409–416. doi:10.1016/S0168-583X(98)01078-7
  • Birmili W., A. Wiedensohler, C. Plass-Dülmer, and H. Berresheim. 2000. Evolution of newly formed aerosol particles in the continental boundary layer: A case study including OH and H2SO4 measurements. Geophys. Res. Lett. 27:2205. doi:10.1029/1999GL011334
  • Chakrabarty, R.K., H. Moosmuller, M.A. Garro, W.P. Arnott, J.W. Walker, R.A. Susott, R.E. Babbitt, C.E. Wold, E.N. Lincoln, and W.M. Hao. 2006. Emissions from the laboratory combustion of wildland fuels: Particle morphology and size. J. Geophys. Res. 111:D07204. doi:10.1029/2005JD006659
  • Conama. 2005. Final report of the study: Physicochemical characterization, monitoring and distribution of fine and coarse particulate matter in the Metropolitan Region. University of Santiago, Santiago, Chile.
  • Conama. 2007. Final report of the study: Actualization of the air pollutants emissions inventory for the Metropolitan Region, 2005. Carried out by DICTUC, Catholic University, Santiago, Chile.
  • Conama. 2009. Final report of the study: Analysis of concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 emissions associated with residential wood burning in the Metropolitan Area of Santiago, Centro Mario Molina Chile, Santiago, Chile.
  • Covert, D.S., V.N. Kapustin, P.K. Quinn, and T.S. Bates. 1992. New particle formation in the marine boundary layer. J. Geophys. Res. 97:20581. doi:10.1029/92JD02074
  • Dunn, M.J., J.-L. Jimenez, D. Baumgardner, T. Castro, P.H. Mc-Murry, and J.N. Smith. 2004. Measurements of Mexico City nanoparticle size distributions: Observations of new particle formation and growth. J. Geophys. Lett. 31:L10102, doi:10.1029/2004GL019483
  • Gidhagen, L., C. Johansson, J. Langner, and G. Olivares, G. 2004. Simulation of NOx and ultrafine particles in a street canyon in Stockholm, Sweden. Atmos. Environ. 38:2029–2044.
  • Glasius, M., M. Ketzel, P. Whålin, B. Jensen, J. Mønster, R. Berkowicz, and F. Palmgren. 2006. Impact of wood combustion on particle levels in a residential area in Denmark, Atmos. Environ. 40:7115–7124. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.06.047
  • Gramsch, E., L. Catalán, I. Ormeño, and G. Palma. 2000. Traffic and seasonal dependence of the light absorption coefficient in Santiago de Chile. Appl. Optics 39(27): 4895–4901. doi:10.1364/AO.39.004895
  • Gramsch, E., F. Cereceda-Balic, I. Ormeño, G. Palma, and P. Oyola. 2004. Use of the light absorption coefficient to monitor elemental carbon and PM2.5. Example of Santiago de Chile. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 54:799–808 doi:10.1080/10473289.2004.10470956
  • Gramsch, E., P. Oyola, D. von Baer, and I. Ormeño. 2008. Impact of the use of segregated streets in the elemental carbon concentrations in Santiago de Chile. Atmosfera 21(1): 101–120.
  • Hays, M.D., C.D. Geron, K. J. Linna, N.D. Smith, and J.J. Schauer. 2002. Speciation of gas-phase and fine particle emissions from burning of foliar fuels. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36:2281–2295. doi:10.1021/es0111683
  • Hedberg, E., A. Kristensson, M. Ohlsson, C. Johansson, P.-Å. Johansson, E. Swietlicki, V. Vesely, U. Wideqvist, and R. Westerholm. 2002. Chemical and physical characterization of emissions from birch wood combustion in a wood stove. Atmos. Environ. 36:4823–4837. doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00417-X
  • Horvath, H. 1993. Atmospheric light absorption—A review. Atmos. Environ. 27(3):293–317. doi:10.1016/0960-1686(93)90104-7
  • Hosseini, S., Q. Li, D. Cocker, D. Weise, A. Miller, M. Shrivastava, J. Miller, S. Mahalingam, M. Princevac, and H. Jung. 2010. Particle size distributions from laboratory-scale biomass fires using fast response instruments. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 10:8065–8076. doi:10.5194/acp-10-8065-2010
  • INE. 2008. National Institute for Statistics. Operating vehicle fleet; Santiago, Chile, 2008. http://www.ine.cl/canales/chile_estadistico/estadisticas_economicas/transporte_y_comunicaciones/parquevehiculos.php ( accessed November 2013).
  • INE. 2009. National Institute for Statistics. Authorized housing area: Total for the country and Metropolitan Region. http://www.ine.cl/canales/chile_estadistico/estadisticas_economicas/edificacion/301209/xlsh/11219.xls ( accessed 2010).
  • Jokinen, V., and J.M. Mäkelä. 1997. Closed-loop arrangement with critical orifice for DMA sheath/excess flow system. J. Aerosol Sci. 28:643–648. doi:10.1016/S0021-8502(96)00457-0
  • Kittelson, D.B. 1998. Engines and nanoparticles: A review. J. Aerosol Sci. 29(5/6):575–588. doi:10.1016/S0021-8502(97)10037-4
  • Kittelson, D., W. Watts, and J. Johnson. 2004. Nanoparticle emissions on Minnesota highways. Atmos. Environ. 38:9–19. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.09.037
  • Koutrakis, P., S.N. Sax, J.A. Sarnat, B. Coull, P. Demokritou, P. Oyola, E. Gramsch, and J. García. 2005. Analysis of PM10, PM2.5, and PM2.5–10 Concentrations in Santiago, Chile, from 1989 to 2001. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 55:342–351. doi:10.1080/10473289.2005.10464627
  • Le Canut, P., M.O. Andreae, G.W. Harris, F.G. Wienhold, and T. Zenker. 1996. Airborne studies of emissions from savannah fires in southern Africa. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 101:23615–23630.
  • Lin, C. I., M.B. Baker, and R.J. Charlson. 1973. Absorption coefficient of the atmospheric aerosol: A method for measuring. Appl. Optics 12:1356–1363. doi:10.1364/AO.12.001356
  • Lowenthal, D.H., R.D. Borys, and M. Wetzel. 2002. Aerosol distributions and cloud interactions at a mountaintop laboratory. J. Geophys. Res. 107:4345. doi:10.1029/2001JD002046
  • Mertes, S., F. Schröder, and A. Wiedensohler. 1995. The particle detection efficiency curve of the TSI-3010 CPC as a function of the temperature difference between saturator and condenser. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 23: 257–261. doi:10.1080/02786829508965310
  • Mönkkönen, P., I.K. Kaponen, K.E.J. Lehtienen, K., Hämeri, R. Uma, and M. Kulmala. 2005. Measurements in a highly polluted Asian mega city; observations of aerosol number size distribution, modal parameters and nucleation events. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 5:57–66. doi:10.5194/acp-5-57-2005
  • Moreno, F., E. Gramsch, P. Oyola, and M.A. Rubio. 2010, Modification in the soil and traffic-related sources of particle matter between 1998 and 2007 in Santiago de Chile, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 60:1410–1421. doi:10.3155/1047-3289.60.12.1410
  • Muñoz, R., and A. Undurraga. 2010. Daytime mixed layer over the Santiago Basin: Description of two years of observations with a lidar ceilometer. J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. 49:1728–1741. doi:10.1175/2010JAMC2347.1
  • Novakov, T. 1984. 2nd International Conference on Carbonaceous Particles in the Atmosphere. Sci. Total Environ. 36.
  • O’Dowd, C.D., D.J. Creasey, M. Geever, G. McFiggens, D.E. Heard, J.D. Lee, M.J. Pilling, B.J. Whitaker, M.H. Smith, M.K. Hill et al. 1998. Concurrent measurements of OH and ultrafine particles in the coastal atmosphere. J. Aerosol Sci. 29:S611–S612.
  • Rutland, J., and R. Garreaud. 1995. Meteorological air-pollution potential for Santiago, Chile—Towards an objective episode forecasting. Environ. Monit. Assess. 34:223–244.
  • Sax, S.N., P. Koutrakis, P.A. Ruiz, F. Cereceda-Balic, E. Gramsch, and P. Oyola. 2007. Trends in elemental composition of PM2.5 in Santiago, Chile from 1998 to 2003. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 57:845–855. doi:10.3155/1047-3289.57.7.845
  • Seinfeld, J.H., and S.N. Pandis. 2006. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics—From Air Pollution to Climate Change, 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
  • SINCA. 2013. National Information System for Air Quality.http://sinca.mma.gob.cl/index.php/region/index/id/M, accessed May 2013.
  • Sturm, P.J., U. Baltensperger, M. Bacher, B. Lechner, S. Hausberger, B. Heiden, D. Imhof, E. Weingartner, A.S.H. Prevot, and R. Kurtenbach et al. 2013. Roadside measurements of particulate matter size distribution. Atmos. Environ. 37:5273–5281.
  • Thomas, S., and L. Morawska. 2002. Size-selected particles in an urban atmosphere of Brisbane, Australia. Atmos. Environ. 36:4277–4288 doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00345-X
  • Wåhlin, P., F. Palmgren, and R. Van Dingenen. 2001. Experimental studies of ultrafine particles in streets and the relationship to traffic. Atmos. Environ. 35(Suppl 1):S63–S69. doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00500-8
  • Watson, G., J. Chow, K. Park, and D. Lowenthal. 2006. Nanoparticle and ultrafine particle events at the Fresno Supersite. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 56: 417–430. doi:10.1080/10473289.2006.10464526
  • Watson, J.G., J.C. Chow, D.H. Lowenthal, M.R. Stolzenburg, N.M. Kreisberg, and S.V. Hering. 2002. Particle size relationships at the Fresno Supersite. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 52:822–827. doi:10.1080/10473289.2002.10470817
  • Wiedensohler, A. 1988. An approximation of the bipolar charge distribution for particles in the submicron size range. J. Aerosol Sci. 19:387–389. doi:10.1016/0021-8502(88)90278-9
  • Winklmayr, W., G.P. Reischl, A.O. Linde, and A. Berner. 1991. A new electromobility spectrometer for the measurements of aerosol size distributions in the size range from 1 to 1000 nm. J. Aerosol Sci. 22:289–296. doi:10.1016/S0021-8502(05)80007-2
  • Young, L.-H., and G.J. Keeler. 2004. Characterization of ultrafine particle number concentration and size distribution during a summer campaign in southwest Detroit. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 54:1079–1090 doi:10.1080/10473289.2004.10470987
  • Zhu, Y., W.C. Hinds, S. Kim, S. Shen, and C. Sioutas. 2002. Study of ultrafine particles near a major highway with heavy-duty diesel traffic. Atmos. Environ. 36:4323–4335. doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00354-0

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.