Trends in on-road vehicle emissions and ambient air quality in Atlanta, Georgia, USA, from the late 1990s through 2009

References

• Air Improvement Resource, E.H. Pechan and Associates, Inc., and A. Hochhauser. 2010. Review of the 2009 draft Motor Vehicle Emissions Simulator (MOVES) model. Report prepared for the Coordinating Research Council, Inc., Alpharetta, GA. November. http://crcao.org/reports/recentstudies2011/E-68a/Final%20CRC%20E-68a%20Report_V6.pdf (accessed June 2012).
   Google Scholar
• Atmospheric Research and Analysis. 2012. http://www.atmospheric-research.com/studies/SEARCH/index.html (accessed July 2012).
   Google Scholar
• Blanchard, C.L., G.M. Hidy, S. Tanenbaum, R. Rasmussen, R. Watkins, and E. Edgerton. 2010a. NMOC, ozone, and organic aerosol in the southeastern states, 1999– 2007:1. Spatial and temporal variations of NMOC concentrations and composition in Atlanta, Georgia. Atmos. Environ. 44:4827–4839. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.08.036
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanchard, C.L., G.M. Hidy, and S. Tanenbaum. 2010b. NMOC, ozone, and organic aerosol in the southeastern states, 1999– 2007:2. Ozone trends and sensitivity to NMOC emissions in Atlanta, Georgia. Atmos. Environ. 44:4840–4849. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.07.030
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanchard, C.L., G.M. Hidy, S. Tanenbaum, and E.S. Edgerton. 2010c. NMOC, ozone, and organic aerosol in the southeastern states, 1999– 2007:3. Origins of organic aerosol in Atlanta, Georgia, and surrounding areas. Atmos. Environ. 45:1291–1302. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.12.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanchard, C.L., G.M. Hidy, S. Tanenbaum, E.S. Edgerton, and B.E. Hartsell. 2013a. The Southeastern Aerosol Research and Characterization (SEARCH) study: Temporal trends in gas and PM concentrations and composition, 1999–2010. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 63:247–259. doi:10.1080/10962247.2012.748523
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanchard, C.L., G.M. Hidy, S. Tanenbaum, E.S. Edgerton, and B.E. Hartsell. 2013b. The Southeastern Aerosol Research and Characterization (SEARCH) study: Spatial variations and chemical climatology, 1999–2010. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 63:260–275. doi:10.1080/10962247.2012.749816
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloomer, B. J., J.W. Stehr, C.A. Piety, R.J. Salawitch, and R.R. Dickerson. 2009. Observed relationships of ozone air pollution with temperature and emissions. Geophys. Res. Lett. 36:L09803. doi:10.1029/2009GL037308
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camalier, L., C. Cox, and P. Dolwick. 2007. The effects of meteorology and their use in assessing ozone trends. Atmos. Environ. 41:7127–7137. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.04.061
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Effron, B. 1979. Bootstrap methods: Another look at the jackknife. Ann. Stat. 7:1–26. doi:10.1214/aos/1176344552
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emery, C., J. Jung, N. Downey, J. Johnson, M. Jimenez, G. Yarwood, and R. Morris. 2012. Regional and global modeling estimates of policy relevant background ozone over the United States. Atmos. Environ. 47:206–217. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.11.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujita, E.M., D.E. Campbell, W.R. Stockwell, and D.R. Lawson. 2013. Past and future ozone trends in California’s South Coast Air Basin: Reconciliation of ambient measurements with past and projected emission inventories. J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc. 63:54–69. doi:10.1080/10962247.2012.735211
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fujita, E.M., D.E. Campbell, B. Zielinska, J.C. Chow, C.E. Lindhjem, A. DenBleyker, G.A. Bishop, B.G. Schuchmann, D.H. Stedman, and D.R. Lawson. 2012. Comparison of the MOVES2010a, MOBILE6.2, and EMFAC2007 mobile source emissions models with on-road traffic tunnel and remote sensing measurements. J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc. 62: 1134–1149. doi:10.1080/10962247.2012.699016
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gego, E., P.S. Porter, A. Gilliland, and S.T. Rao. 2007. Observation-based assessment of the impact of nitrogen oxides emissions reductions on ozone air quality over the eastern United States. J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. 46:994e1008. doi:10.1175/JAM2523.1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kryak, D., K. Black, R. Cook, M. Constantini, R. Baldauf, A. Vette, and D. Costa. 2010. A source-to-outcome approach to address near-road air pollution. EM November: 34–37.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Parrish, D.D. 2006. Critical evaluation of U.S. on-road vehicle emission inventories. Atmos. Environ. 40:2288–2300. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.11.033
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parrish, D.D., M. Trainer, D. Hereid, E.J.Williams, K.J. Olszyna, R.A. Harley, J.F. Meagher, and F.C. Fehsenfeld. 2002. Decadal change in carbon monoxide to nitrogen oxide ratio in U.S. vehicular emissions. J. Geophys. Res. 107(D12):4140–4148. doi:10.1029/2001JD000720
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sen, P.K. 1968. Estimates of the regression coefficient based on Kendall’s tau. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 63:1379–1389. doi:10.1080/01621459.1968.10480934
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spearman, C. 1904. The proof and measurement of association between two things. Am. J. Psychol. 15:72–101. doi:10.2307/1412159
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The R Project for Statistical Computing. 2012. http://www.R-project.org (accessed April 2012).
   Google Scholar
• Thiel, H. 1950. A rank-invariant method of linear and polynomial regression analysis, III. Proc. K. Ned. Akad. Wet. A 53:1397–1412.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Transportation. 2012. Traffic volume trends. Office of Highway Policy Information, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/travel_monitoring/tvt.cfm (accessed August 2012).
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1999. Regulatory Impact Analysis—Control of Air Pollution from New Motor Vehicles: Tier 2 Vehicle Emissions Standards and Gasoline Sulfur Control Requirements. EPA 420-R-99-023. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Engine Programs and Compliance Division, Office of Mobile Sources, December.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2003. National Air Quality and Emissions Trends Report, 2003 Special Studies Edition. Appendix B—Trends Methodology. Research Triangle Park, NC: Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, September.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2009a. Office of Transportation and Air Quality, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Air pollution from highway vehicles: What MOVES tells us. Presentation at the International Emission Inventory Conference, Baltimore, MD, April 15, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/ttnchie1/conference/ei18/session6/beardsley_pres.pdf (accessed July 2012).
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2009b. Statistical Analysis of Groundwater Monitoring Data at RCRA Facilities. Unified Guidance. EPA 530-R-09-007. Research Triangle Park, NC: Office of Resource Conservation and Recovery, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, March.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2010. Technical Guidance on the Use of MOVES2010 for Emission Inventory Preparation in the State Implementation Plans and Transportation Conformity. EPA-420-B-10-023. Research Triangle Park, NC: Transportation and Regional Programs Division, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, April.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2012a. Our Nation’s Air—Status and Trends through 2010. EPA-454/R-12-001. Research Triangle Park, NC: Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, February. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/2011 (accessed June 2012).
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2012b. Clearinghouse for emission inventories and emissions factors. http://www.epa.gov/ttnchie1/eiinformation.html (accessed April 2012).
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2013a. Air trends for carbon monoxide. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/carbon.html (accessed August 2012).
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2013b. Air Quality System (AQS) Data Mart. http://www.epa.gov/ttn/airs/aqsdatamart/access.htm (accessed August 2012).
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2013c. Trends in ozone adjusted for weather conditions. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/weather.html (accessed August 2012).
   Google Scholar
• Vijayaraghavan, K., C. Lindhjem, A. DenBleyker, U. Nopmongcol, J. Grant, E. Tai, and G. Yarwood. 2012. Effects of light duty gasoline vehicle emission standards in the United States on ozone and particulate matter. Atmos. Environ. 60:109–120. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.05.049
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warneke, C., J.A. de Gouw, J.S. Holloway, J. Peischl, T.B. Ryerson, E. Atlas, D. Blake, M. Trainer, and D.D. Parrish. 2012. Multiyear trends in volatile organic compounds in Los Angeles, California: Five decades of decreasing emissions. J. Geophys. Res. 117:D00V17. doi:10.1029/2012JD017899
   Google Scholar
• Willmott, C.J., S.G. Ackleson, R.E. Davis, J.J. Feddema, K.M. Klink, D.R. Legates, J. O’Donnell, and C.M. Rowe. 1985. Statistics for the evaluation and comparison of models. J. Geophys. Res. 90(C5):8995–9005. doi:10.1029/JC090iC05p08995
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, L., D.J. Jacob, N.V. Downey, D.A. Wood, D. Blewitt, C.C. Carouge, A. van Donkelaar, D.B.A Jones, L.T. Murray, and Y. Wang. 2011. Improved estimate of the policy-relevant background ozone in the United States using the GEOS-Chem global model with 1/2° × 2/3° horizontal resolution over North America. Atmos. Environ. 45:6769–6776. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.07.0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar