2,543
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Technical Paper

Total life cycle emissions of post-Panamax containerships powered by conventional fuel or natural gas

, &
Pages 131-144 | Received 24 Jan 2018, Accepted 25 Jul 2018, Published online: 17 Dec 2018

References

  • Abrahams, L. S., C. Samaras, W. M. Griffin, and H. S. Matthews. 2015. Life cycle greenhouse gas emissions from US liquefied natural gas exports: Implications for end uses. Environ. Sci. Technol. 49 (5):3237–3245. doi:10.1021/es505617p.
  • Agrawal, H., W. A. Welch, S. Henningsen, J. W. Miller, and D. R. Cocker. 2010. Emissions from main propulsion engine on containership at sea. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 115 (D23). doi:10.1029/2009JD013346.
  • Alvarez, R. A., S. W. Pacala, J. J. Winebrake, W. L. Chameides, and S. P. Hamburg. 2012. Greater focus needed on methane leakage from natural gas infrastructure. Proceedings National Academic Sciences 109 (17):6435–6440. doi:10.1073/pnas.1202407109.
  • Ballou, P., H. Chen, and J. D. Horner. 2008. Advanced methods of optimizing ship operations to reduce emissions detrimental to climate change, 1–12. Quebec City, QC, Canada: OCEANS 2008 IEEE.
  • Bengtsson, S., K. Andersson, and E. Fridell. 2011. A comparative life cycle assessment of marine fuels liquefied natural gas and three other fossil fuels. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: J. Eng. Marit. Environ. 225:97–110.
  • Bodansky, D. 2016. Regulating greenhouse gas emissions from ships: The role of the International Maritime Organization. In Ocean law debates: The 50-year legacy and emerging issues for the years ahead, eds. H. Scheiber, N. Oral, and M. Kwon, July 29, 2016. Max Planck Institute Luxembourg for International, European and Regulatory Procedural Law.
  • Brinkman, N., M. Wang, T. Weber, and T. Darlington. 2005. Well-to-wheels analysis of advanced fuel/vehicle systems—A North American study of energy use, greenhouse gas emissions, and criteria pollutant emissions. Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy.
  • Brynolf, S. 2014. Environmental assessment of present and future marine fuels., in shipping and marine technology. Gothenburg: Chalmers University of Technology.
  • Bureau of Energy, Ministry of Economic Affairs, R.O.C., petroleum price information management and analysis system.2015. Accessed January 15, 2016. http://web3.moeaboe.gov.tw.
  • Burel, F., R. Taccani, and N. Zuliani. 2013. Improving sustainability of maritime transport through utilization of liquefied natural gas (LNG) for propulsion. Energy 57:412–420. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2013.05.002.
  • China Steel Corporation (CSC).2013. Corporate social responsibility. Accessed July 25, 2014. http://www.csc.com.tw.
  • Classification Society. 2014. 2014. Introduction to the outcomes of MEPC 66. Technical Information No. TEC-0991. Accessed September18, 2012. https://www.classnk.or.jp/hp/pdf/tech_info/tech_img/T991e.pdf.
  • Corbett, J. J., and P. Fischbeck. 1997. Emission from ships. Science 278:823–824. doi:10.1126/science.278.5339.823.
  • Corbett, J. J., and H. W. Koehler. 2003. Updated emissions from ocean shipping. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 108 (D20). doi:10.1029/2003JD003751.
  • CPC Corporation, Taiwan (CPC).2013. Sustainability Report. Accessed October 8, 2014. http://new.cpc.com.tw/csr/report/.
  • CSBC Corporation, Taiwan (CSBC).2013. Corporate social responsibility. Accessed June 14, 2014. http://www.csbcnet.com.tw.
  • Cucinotta, F., E. Guglielmino, and F. Sfravara. 2017. Life cycle assessment in yacht industry: A case study of comparison between hand lay-up and vacuum infusion. J. Cleaner Prod. 142 (4):3822–3833. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.10.080.
  • Deshpande, P. C., P. P. Kalbar, A. K. Tilwankar, and S. R. Asolekar. 2013. A novel approach to estimating resource consumption rates and emission factors for ship recycling yards in Alang, India. J. Clean Prod. 59:251–259. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.06.026.
  • DNV-GL.2015. LNG vessels on order and in operation. Accessed July 25, 2016. https://www.dnvgl.com.
  • Einang, P. M. 2007. Gas-fueled ships. CIMAC Paper 261.
  • Eyring, V. H. W., A. Köhler, A. Lauer, and B. Lemper. 2005. Emissions from international shipping: Impact of future technologies on scenarios until 2050. J. Geophys. Res. 110:D17306. doi:10.1029/2004JD005620.
  • Fagerholt, K., G. Laporte, and I. Norstad. 2010. Reducing fuel emissions by optimizing speed on shipping routes. J. Oper. Res. soc. 61 (3):523–529. doi:10.1057/jors.2009.77.
  • Favi, C., R. Raffaeli, M. Germani, F. Gregori, S. Manieri, and A. Vita. 2017. A life cycle model to assess costs and environmental impacts of different maritime vessel typologies. 22nd Design for Manufacturing and the Life Cycle Conference, Cleveland Ohio, USA, August 6–9, 2017.
  • Germanischer Lloyd/MAN. 2013. Costs and benefits of LNG as ship fuel for container vessels (Key results from a GL and MAN joint study). Accessed January 15, 2016. http://marine.man.eu/docs/librariesprovider6/technical-papers/costs-and-benefits-of-lng.pdf?sfvrsn=16.
  • Hua, J., Y. Wu, and H. Chen. 2017. Alternative fuel for sustainable shipping across the Taiwan Strait. Transp. and Environ. 52 (2017):254–276. doi:10.1016/j.trd.2017.03.015.
  • IMO.2000. Prevention of air pollution from ships, MEPC 45/8 (Report on the outcome of the IMO study on greenhouse gas emissions from ships).
  • IMO.2008. Amendments to the technical code on control of emission of nitrogen oxides from marine diesel engines, Resolution MEPC.177(58).
  • IMO.2009. Prevention of air pollution from ships, MEPC 59/INF.10 (2ndIMO GHG study 2009).
  • IMO.2011. International convention for the prevention of pollution from ships, 1973, as modified by the 1978 and 1997 protocols.
  • IMO.2012. Guidelines on the method of calculation of the attained energy efficiency design index (EEDI) for new ships, resolutionMEPC.212(63).
  • IMO.2014. Reduction of GHG emissions from ships, MEPC 67/INF.3
  • ISO.2007. ISO 8178, Reciprocating internal combustion engines - Exhaust emission measurement - Part 4: Steady-state test cycles for different engine applications.
  • Jalkanen, J. P., L. Johansson, and J. A. Kukkonen. 2016. Comprehensive inventory of ship traffic exhaust emissions in the European sea areas in 2011. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 16 (1):71–84. doi:10.5194/acp-16-71-2016.
  • Kameyama, M., K. Hiraoka, A. Sakurai, T. Naruse, and H. Tauchi. 2004. Development of LCA software for ships and LCI analysis based on actual shipbuilding and operation. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on EcoBalance,Tsukuba,Japan; 159–162.
  • Laursen, R. S.2015. Latest results and ME-GI design updates Two-stroke propulsion. ME-GI Technical Seminar. Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
  • Liu, H., X. Jin, L. Wu, X. Wang, M. Fu, Z. Lv, L. Morawska, F. Huang, and K. He. 2018. The impact of marine shipping and its DECA control on air quality in the Pearl River Delta, China. Sci. Total Environ. 625 (2018):1476–1485. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.033.
  • MAN Diesel & Turbo. 2012. Slow steaming practices in the global shipping industry. MAN PrimeServ.
  • MAN Diesel & Turbo. 2014. Marine engine, IMO tier II programme. 2nd. Germany. MAN PrimeServ.
  • Meyer, J., R. Stahlbock, and S. Voß. 2012. Slow steaming in containershipping. In System Science, 2012 45th Hawaii International Conference onSystemSciences IEEE, 1306–1314.
  • Psaraftis, H. N., C. A. Kontovas, and N. M. Kakalis. Speed reduction as an emissions reduction measure for fast ships.In 10thInternational Conference on Fast Sea Transportation FAST, October 2009.
  • S&P Global Platts. 2015. Fuel prices, feature ports. Accessed August 13, 2015. http://www.bunkerworld.com.
  • Wang, M. Q. 1996. GREET 1.0-transportation fuel cycles model: Methodology and use. IL (US): Argonne National Lab.
  • Wang, M. Q. 1999. GREET 1.5-transportation fuel-cycle model-Vol. 1: Methodology, development, use, and results. IL (US): Argonne National Lab.
  • Wang, M. Q., and H. S. Huang. 2000. A full fuel-cycle analysis of energy and emissions impacts of transportation fuels produced from natural gas. IL (US): Argonne National Lab.
  • Wang, S., and Q. Meng. 2012. Sailing speed optimization for containerships in a liner shipping network. Transport Researcher E: Logist Transport Reviews 48 (3):701–714. doi:10.1016/j.tre.2011.12.003.
  • Winebrake, J. J. 2007. The total energy and emissions analysis for marine systems model. Rochester, New York: The Center for Energy Analysis and Policy.
  • Winebrake, J. J., J. J. Corbett, and P. E. Meyer. 2006. Total fuel-cycle emissions for marine vessels: A well-to-hull analysis with case study. In 13thCIRP International Conference on Life Cycle Engineering, LCE2006, Leuven, Belgium, 2006.
  • Winebrake, J. J., J. J. Corbett, and P. E. Meyer. 2007. Energy use and emissions from marine vessels: A total fuel life cycle approach. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 57 (1):102–110. doi:10.1080/10473289.2007.10465301.
  • Wu, M., Y. Wu, and M. Wang. 2006. Energy and emission benefits of alternative transportation liquid fuels derived from switchgrass: A fuel life cycle assessment. Biotechnology Progress 22 (4):1012–1024. doi:10.1021/bp050371p.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.