Influence of acid and thermal treatment on regeneration of spent bleaching clay and conversion of residual oil to biodiesel

References

• Arpornpong, N., A. Charoensaeng, S. Khaodhiar, and D. Sabatini. 2018. Formulation of Microemulsion-based washing agent for oil recovery from spent bleaching earth-hydrophilic lipophilic deviation concept. Colloid. Surf. A 541:87–96. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.01.026.
   Google Scholar
• Azizi, M., and S. Akbari. 2018. A review on production of biodiesel from waste cooking oils. Int. J. Innov. Res. Sci Stud. 1 (2):32–41. doi: 10.53894/ijirss.v1i2.8.
   Google Scholar
• Benkhoud, I., and B.M. Lassaad. 2023. Regeneration and valorization of spent bleaching earth in edible oil refining industry. Res. Sq. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3142065/v1.
   Google Scholar
• Bleaching clay market forecast by product (Fuller’s earth, activated clay and activated bauxites), by end-user (Edible oils & fats, mineral oils & lubricants and other end uses) and by region – 2022 to 2032. 2023. Fact.MR Company. https://www.factmr.com/report/bleaching-clay-market.
   Google Scholar
• Boey, P.L., G.P. Maniam, and S.A. Hamid. 2009. Biodiesel production via transesterification of palm olein using waste mud crab (Scylla serrata) shell as a heterogeneous catalyst. Bioresour. Technol. 100 (24):6362–68. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.07.036.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canakci, M., and H. Sanli. 2008. Biodiesel production from various feedstocks and their effects on the fuel properties. J.Ind. Microbiol. Biotech. 35 (5):431–41. doi: 10.1007/s10295-008-0337-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, J.I., H.S. Tai, and T.H. Huang. 2006. Regeneration of spent bleaching earth by lye-extraction. Environ. Prog. 25 (4):373–78. doi: 10.1002/ep.10170.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, S., Y. Chen, Z. Han, G. Feng, X. Pang, and L. Zhang. 2019. Experimental study on rapid determination of acid value of oil by temperature titration. IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci. 252. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/252/3/032018.
   Google Scholar
• Debnath, M. 2022. Determination of Peroxide value (POC) in fats and oils. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361972254_Determination_of_Peroxide_valuePOC_in_fats_and_Oils.
   Google Scholar
• EIRI. 2015. Technology of oilseeds processing, oils & fats and refining. Delhi: Engineers India Research Ins.
   Google Scholar
• Huang, J., J. Wang, Z. Huang, T. Liu, and H. Li. 2023. Photothermal technique-enabled ambient production of microalgae biodiesel: Mechanism and life cycle assessment. Bioresour. Technol. 369. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128390.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanmani, P., K. Kumaresan, and J. Aravind. 2015. Utilization of coconut oil mill waste as a substrate for optimized lipase production, oil biodegradation and enzyme purification studies in staphylococcus pasteuri. Electron. J. Biotechnol. 18 (1):20–28. doi: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2014.11.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lauprasert, P., J. Chansirirattana, and J. Paengjan. 2017. Effect of selected bacteria as bioremediation on the degradation of fats oils and greases in wastewater from cafeteria grease traps. Eur. J. Sustain. Devel. 6 (2):181–86. doi: 10.14207/ejsd.2017.v6n2p181.
   Google Scholar
• Li, K., Z. Li, C.-B. Zhang, J. Zhao, L. Zhao, J. Liu, S. Ma, and Q. Lu. 2023. Catalytic pyrolysis of spent bleaching clay for its regeneration and simultaneously producing aromatic hydrocarbons. J. Cleaner Prod. 383 (2):135567. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.135567.
   Google Scholar
• Li, S., S. Yang, P. Yi, and J.-H. Zhang. 2015. Preparation of aluminum-ferric-magnesium polysilicate and its application on oily sludge. J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 80 (12):1553–65. doi: 10.2298/JSC141229057L.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loh, S.K., K.Y. Cheong, and J. Salimon. 2017. Surface-active physicochemical characteristics of spent bleaching earth on soil-plant interaction and water-nutrient uptake: A review. Appl. Clay Sci. 140:59–65. doi: 10.1016/j.clay.2017.01.024.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, F., and M.A. Hanna. 1999. Biodiesel production: a review1journal series #12109, agricultural research division, institute of agriculture and natural resources, university of Nebraska–Lincoln.1. Bioresour. Technol. 70 (1):1–15. doi: 10.1016/S0960-8524(99)00025-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Machmudah, S., N.A. Maulana, A.S.M. Norman, V.M. Nyoto, I. Amrullah, Wahyudiono, S. Winardi, I.G. Wenten, and M. Goto. 2022. Oil removal from spent bleaching earth of vegetable oil refinery plant using supercritical carbon dioxide. Heliyon 8 (10):e10826. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10826.
   Google Scholar
• Mu, B., and A. Wang. 2019. Regeneration and recycling of spent bleaching earth. Handb. Eco. 3147–67. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-68255-6_121.
   Google Scholar
• Musa, M.L., R. Mat, and T.A.T. Abdullah. 2018. Catalytic conversion of residual palm oil in spent bleaching earth (SBE) by HZSM-5 Zeolite based-catalysts. Bull. Chem. React. Eng. Catal. 13 (3):456–65. doi: 10.9767/bcrec.13.3.1929.456-465.
   Google Scholar
• Nagy, K., L. Sandoz, B.D. Craft, and F. Destaillats. 2011. Mass-defect filtering of isotope signatures to reveal the source of chlorinated palm oil contaminants. Food Addit. Contam. 28 (11):1492–500. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2011.618467.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naser, J., O. Avbenake, F. Dabai, and B. Jibril. 2021. Regeneration of spent bleaching earth and conversion of recovered oil to biodiesel. Waste Manage (Oxford). 126:258–65. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.03.024.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Önal, M., Y. Sarikaya, T. Alemdaroǧlu, and I. Bozdoǧan. 2002. The effect of acid activation on some physicochemical properties of a bentonite. Turk. J. Chem. 26 (3):409–16. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279909353_The_effect_of_acid_activation_on_some_physicochemical_properties_of_a_bentonite.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panhwar, T., S. Mahesar, S.T. Sherazi, A. Laghari, and A.E. Atabani. 2020. Synthesis and evaluation of oxidation stability of biodiesel prepared from spent bleaching clay residual oil. J. Oleo Sci. 69 (12):1619–26. doi: 10.5650/jos.ess20122.
   Google Scholar
• Rizwan, M., M. Singh, C.K. Mitra, and R.K. Morve. 2014. Ecofriendly application of nanomaterials: nanobioremediation. J. Nanoparticles 2014:1–7. doi: 10.1155/2014/431787.
   Google Scholar
• Sapawe, N., and M.F. Hanafi. 2018. Analysis of the pyrolysis products from spent bleaching clay. Mater. Today Proc. 5 (10):21940–47. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2018.07.054.
   Google Scholar
• Saranya, P., P.K. Selvi, and G. Sekaran. 2019. Integrated thermophilic enzyme-immobilized reactor and high-rate biological reactors for treatment of palm oil-containing wastewater without sludge production. Bioprocess Biosyst. Eng. 42 (6):1053–64. doi: 10.1007/s00449-019-02104-x.
   Google Scholar
• Soleha, S., and E. Retnaningrum. 2020. Screening and molecular identification of lipolytic bacteria from spent bleaching earth. Biodiversitas J. Biol. Divers. 21 (9):4155–61. doi: 10.13057/biodiv/d210929.
   Google Scholar
• Tabatabaei, M., K. Karimi, I.S. Horváth, and R. Kumar. 2015. Recent trends in biodiesel production. Biofuel Res. J. 2 (3):258–67. doi: 10.18331/BRJ2015.2.3.4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Temuujin, J., M. Senna, T. Jadambaa, D. Burmaa, E. Shaariikhuu, and K.J.D. Mackenzie. 2006. Characterization and bleaching properties of acid‐leached montmorillonite. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 81 (4):688–93. doi: 10.1002/jctb.1469.
   Google Scholar
• Tie, F. 2006. Determination of p-anisidine value for edible oils and fats. China Oils and Fats https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Determination-of-p-anisidine-value-for-edible-oils-Tie/799dd154a77dac39a00cfa24b3e73316c53ff339.
   Google Scholar
• Usman, M.A., V.I. Ekwueme, T.O. Alaje, and A.O. Mohammed. 2012. Characterization, acid activation, and bleaching performance of Ibeshe Clay, Lagos, Nigeria. ISRN Ceramics 2012:1–5. doi: 10.5402/2012/658508.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, C., M. Yu, X. Li, X. Li, A.A. Siyal, Y. Liu, Y. Jin, J. Dai, L. Wang, C. Zhou, et al. 2022. Disposal, regeneration and pyrolysis products characterization of spent bleaching clay from vegetable oil refinery in a fluidized bed pyrolyser. J. Cleaner Prod. 346. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131157.
   Google Scholar