4,596
Views
167
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
SYMPOSIUM ON PUBLIC SERVICE MOTIVATION

Employees without a Cause: The Motivational Effects of Prosocial Impact in Public Service

Pages 48-66 | Published online: 03 Mar 2008

REFERENCES

  • Adler , P. and J. Jermier . 2005 . “Developing a Field with More Soul: Standpoint Theory and Public Policy Research for Management Scholars.” . Academy of Management Journal 48 : 941 – 944 .
  • Ajzen , I. 1991 . “The Theory of Planned Behavior.” . Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 50 : 179 – 211 .
  • Alge , B. J. , C. Wiethoff , and H. J. Klein . 2003 . “When Does the Medium Matter? Knowledge-Building Experiences and Opportunities in Decision-Making Teams.” . Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 91 : 26 – 37 .
  • Alonso , P. and G. B. Lewis . 2001 . “Public Service Motivation and Job Performance: Evidence from the Federal Sector.” . The American Review of Public Administration 31 : 363 – 380 .
  • Alvesson , M. and H. Willmott . 1992 . “On the Idea of Emancipation in Management and Organization Studies.” . Academy of Management Review 17 : 432 – 464 .
  • Argyris , C. 1975 . “Dangers in Applying Results from Experimental Social Psychology.” . American Psychologist 30 : 469 – 485 .
  • Ashforth , B. E. and G. E. Kreiner . 1999 . “‘How Can You Do It?’: Dirty Work and the Challenge of Constructing a Positive Identity.” . Academy of Management Review 24 : 413 – 434 .
  • Association of Fundraising Professionals . 2006 . “International Statement of Ethical Principles in Fundraising.” Accessed on October 27, 2006 at www.afpnet.org/content_documents/Statement%20of%20Ethical%20Principles%20in%20Fundraising%2016%20October%202006.pdf
  • Behn , R. D. 1995 . “The Big Questions of Public Management.” . Public Administration Review 55 : 313 – 324 .
  • Bolino , M. C. and W. H. Turnley . 2005 . “The Personal Costs of Citizenship Behavior: The Relationship between Individual Initiative and Role Overload, Job Stress, and Work-Family Conflict.” . Journal of Applied Psychology 90 : 740 – 748 .
  • Brewer , G. A. and S. C. Selden . 1998 . “Whistle Blowers in the Federal Civil Service: New Evidence of the Public Service Ethic.” . Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 8 : 413 – 439 .
  • Brewer , G. A. , S. C. Selden , and R. L. II Facer . 2000 . “Individual Conceptions of Public Service Motivation.” . Public Administration Review 60 : 204 – 214 .
  • Brickson , S. L. 2005 . “Organizational Identity Orientation: Forging a Link between Organizational Identity and Organizations” Relations with Stakeholders.” . Administrative Science Quarterly 50 : 576 – 709 .
  • Brief , A. P. and S. J. Motowidlo . 1986 . “Prosocial Organizational Behaviors.” . Academy of Management Review 11 : 710 – 725 .
  • Bright , L. 2005 . “Public Employees with High Levels of Public Service Motivation: Who Are They, Where Are They and What Do They Want?” . Review of Public Personnel Administration 25 : 138 – 154 .
  • Britt , T. W. , A. B. Adler , and T. Bartone . 2001 . “Deriving Benefits from Stressful Events: The Role of Engagement in Meaningful Work and Hardiness.” . Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 6 : 53 – 63 .
  • Brough , P. 2004 . “Comparing the Influence of Traumatic and Organizational Stressors on the Psychological Health of Police, Fire, and Ambulance Officers.” . International Journal of Stress Management 11 : 227 – 244 .
  • Buffardi , L. C. , E. A. Fleishman , R. A. Morath , and P. M. McCarthy . 2000. “Relationships between Ability Requirements and Human Errors in Job Tasks.”. Journal of Applied Psychology 85: 551–564.
  • Campbell , D. T. and J. L. Stanley . 1966 . Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research . Chicago : Rand McNally .
  • Campion , M. A. and C. L. McClelland . 1993 . “Follow-up and Extension of the Interdisciplinary Costs and Benefits of Enlarged Jobs.” . Journal of Applied Psychology 78 : 339 – 351 .
  • Chaiken , S. and A. H. Eagly . 1983 . “Communication Modality as a Determinant of Persuasion: The Role of Communicator Salience.” . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 45 : 241 – 265 .
  • CNN Health . 2005 . “Program Pairs Alzheimer's Scientists with Patients” (Tuesday, July 26). Accessed on October 15, 2006 at http://www.cnn.com/2005/HEALTH/conditions/07/26/early.alzheimers.ap/index.html
  • Colby , A. , L. Sippola , and E. Phelps . 2001 . “Social Responsibility and Paid Work in Contemporary American Life.” Pp. 349 – 399 in A. Rossi , ed., Caring and Doing for Others: Social Responsibility in the Domains of Family, Work, and Community . Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
  • Cook , T. D. and D. T. Campbell . 1979 . Quasi-Experimentation: Design and Analysis Issues for Field Settings . Chicago : Rand-McNally .
  • Cook , T. D. and W. R. Shadish . 1994 . “Social Experiments: Some Developments over the Past Fifteen Years.” . Annual Review of Psychology 45 : 545 – 580 .
  • Cordes , C. L. and T. W. Dougherty . 1993 . “A Review and an Integration of Research on Job Burnout.” . Academy of Management Review 18 : 621 – 656 .
  • Crewson , P. E. 1997 . “Public-Service Motivation: Building Empirical Evidence of Incidence and Effect.” . Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 4 : 499 – 518 .
  • Dilulio , J. D. 1994 . “Principled Agents: The Cultural Bases of Behavior in a Federal Government Bureaucracy.” . Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 4 : 277 – 320 .
  • Dutton , J. E. , M. Worline , P. Frost , and J. Lilius . 2006 . “Explaining Compassion Organizing.” . Administrative Science Quarterly 51 : 59 – 96 .
  • Evans , M. G. 1976 . “Opportunistic Organizational Research: The Role of Patch-Up Designs.” . Academy of Management Journal 18 : 98 – 108 .
  • Flynn , F. J. 2003 . “How Much Should I Give and How Often? The Effects of Generosity and Frequency of Favor Exchange on Social Status and Productivity.” . Academy of Management Journal 46 : 539 – 553 .
  • Frank , S. A. and G. B. Lewis . 2004 . “Government Employees: Working Hard or Hardly Working?” . The American Review of Public Administration 34 : 36 – 51 .
  • Fried , Y. and G. R. Ferris . 1987 . “The Validity of the Job Characteristics Model: A Review and Meta-Analysis.” . Personnel Psychology 40 : 287 – 322 .
  • Grant , A. M. 2007 . “Relational Job Design and the Motivation to Make a Prosocial Difference.” . Academy of Management Review 32 : 393 – 417 .
  • Grant , A. M. 2008a . “The Significance of Task Significance: Job Performance Effects, Relational Mechanisms, and Boundary Conditions.” . Journal of Applied Psychology 93 : 108 – 124 .
  • Grant , A. M. 2008b . “Does Intrinsic Motivation Fuel the Prosocial Fire? Motivational Synergy in Predicting Persistence, Performance, and Productivity.” . Journal of Applied Psychology 93 : 48 – 58 .
  • Grant , A. M. , E. M. Campbell , G. Chen , K. Cottone , D. Lapedis , and K. Lee . 2007 . “Impact and the Art of Motivation Maintenance: The Effects of Contact with Beneficiaries on Persistence Behavior.” . Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 103 : 53 – 67 .
  • Gutek , B. A. , A. D. Bhappu , M. A. Liao-Troth , and B. Cherry . 1999. “Distinguishing between Service Relationships and Encounters.”. Journal of Applied Psychology 84: 218–233.
  • Hackman , J. R. and G. R. Oldham . 1976 . “Motivation Through the Design of Work: Test of a Theory.” . Organizational Behavior and Human Performance 16 : 250 – 279 .
  • Hackman , J. R. and G. R. Oldham . 1980 . Work Redesign . Reading , MA : Addison-Wesley .
  • Hackman , J. R. , G. Oldham , R. Janson , and K. Purdy . 1975 . “A New Strategy for Job Enrichment.” . California Management Review 17 : 57 – 71 .
  • Halbesleben , J. R. B. and R. M. Buckley . 2004 . “Burnout in Organizational Life.” . Journal of Management 30 : 859 – 879 .
  • Harrell , W. A. and J. A. Boisvert . 2003 . “An Information Theory Analysis of Duration of Lifeguards' Scanning.” . Perceptual and Motor Skills 97 : 129 – 134 .
  • Horton , S. and A. Hondeghem . 2006 . “Editorial: Public Service Motivation and Commitment.” . Public Policy and Administration 21 : 1 – 12 .
  • Houston , D. J. 2000 . “Public-Service Motivation: A Multivariate Test.” . Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 10 : 713 – 727 .
  • Houston , D. J. 2006 . “‘Walking the Walk’ of Public Service Motivation: Public Employees and Charitable Gifts of Time, Blood, and Money.” . Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 16 : 67 – 86 .
  • Humphrey , S. E. , J. D. Nahrgang , and F. P. Morgeson . 2007 . “ Integrating Motivational, Social, and Contextual Work Design Features: A Meta-Analytic Summary and Theoretical Extension of the Work Design Literature .” Forthcoming in the Journal of Applied Psychology .
  • Ingraham , P. W. 1993 . “Of Pigs in Pokes and Policy Diffusion: Another Look at Pay-for-Performance.” . Public Administration Review 53 : 348 – 356 .
  • Jermier , J. M. , J. Gaines , and N. J. McIntosh . 1989 . “Reactions to Physically Dangerous Work: A Conceptual and Empirical Analysis.” . Journal of Organizational Behavior 10 : 15 – 33 .
  • Jia , J. 2004 . “Berkeley's Longest-Serving Cop Reflects on Career.” North Gate News Online : http://journalism.berkeley.edu/ngno/stories/003395.html
  • Jurkiewicz , C. L. , T. K. Massey and R. G. Brown . 1998 . “Motivation in Public and Private Organizations: A Comparative Study.” . Public Productivity and Management Review 21 : 230 – 250 .
  • Kahn , W. A. 1998 . “Relational Systems at Work.” . Research in Organizational Behavior 20 : 39 – 76 .
  • Kellough , J. E. and H. Lu . 1993 . “The Paradox of Merit Pay in the Public Sector: Persistence of a Problematic Procedure.” . Review of Public Personnel Administration 13 : 45 – 64 .
  • Kelman , S. 2005 . “Public Management Needs Help!” . Academy of Management Journal 48 : 967 – 969 .
  • Kelman , S. 2007 . “ Public Administration and Organization Studies .” J. P. Walsh & A. P. Brief , eds., Annals of the Academy of Management , 1 ( 16 ). New York : Erlbaum .
  • Keyes , C. L. M. 1998 . “Social Well Being.” . Social Psychology Quarterly 61 : 121 – 140 .
  • Larson , B. V. 2001 . “Gaining from a Giving Relationship: A Model to Examine Cause-Related Marketing's Effect on Salespeople.” . Journal of Nonprofit and Public Sector Marketing 8 : 31 – 43 .
  • Latham , G. P. and C. C. Pinder . 2005 . “Work Motivation Theory and Research at the Dawn of the Twenty-First Century.” . Annual Review of Psychology 56 : 495 – 516 .
  • Lawler , E. E. III . 1977 . “Adaptive Experiments: An Approach to Organizational Behavior Research.” . Academy of Management Review 2 : 576 – 585 .
  • Lee , R. T. and B. E. Ashforth . 1996. “A Meta-Analytic Examination of the Correlates of the Three Dimensions of Job Burnout.”. Journal of Applied Psychology 81: 123–133.
  • Levine , J. M. and R. S. Valle . 1975 . “The Convert as a Credible Communicator.” . Social Behavior and Personality 3 : 81 – 90 .
  • Lloyd , C. , R. Kind , and L. Chenoweth . 2002 . “Social Work, Stress and Burnout: A Review.” . Journal of Mental Health 11 : 255 – 266 .
  • Margolis , J. D. and J. P. Walsh . 2001 . People and Profits? The Search for a Link between a Company's Social and Financial Performance . Mahwah , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
  • Margolis , J. D. and J. P. Walsh . 2003 . “Misery Loves Companies: Rethinking Social Initiatives by Business.” . Administrative Science Quarterly 48 : 268 – 305 .
  • Marshall , N. L. , R. C. Barnett , and A. Sayer . 1997 . “The Changing Workforce, Job Stress, and Psychological Distress.” . Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 2 : 99 – 107 .
  • Maslach , C. , W. B. Schaufeli , and M. P. Leiter . 2001 . “Job Burnout.” . Annual Review of Psychology 52 : 397 – 422 .
  • Maynard-Moody , S. and M. Musheno . 2003 . Cops, Teachers, Counselors: Stories from the Front Line of Public Service . Ann Arbor , MI : University of Michigan Press .
  • McAdams , D. P. and E. de St. Aubin . 1992 . “A Theory of Generativity and its Assessment through Self-Report, Behavioral Acts, and Narrative Themes in Autobiography.” . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 62 : 1003 – 1015 .
  • Meglino , B. M. and M. A. Korsgaard . 2004 . “Considering Rational Self-Interest as a Disposition: Organizational Implications of Other Orientation.” . Journal of Applied Psychology 89 : 946 – 959 .
  • Molinsky , A. and J. Margolis . 2005 . “Necessary Evils and Interpersonal Sensitivity in Organizations.” . Academy of Management Review 30 : 245 – 268 .
  • Morgeson , F. P. and S. E. Humphrey . 2006 . “The Work Design Questionnaire (WDQ): Developing and Validating a Comprehensive Measure for Assessing Job Design and the Nature of Work.” . Journal of Applied Psychology 91 : 1321 – 1339 .
  • Moynihan , D. and Pandey , S. 2007 . “The Role of Organizations in Fostering Public Service Motivation.” . Public Administration Review 67 : 40 – 53 .
  • MSNBC . 2006 . “Inside Dateline: The Educator of Ms. Groves—The Education of Ms. Groves: A Teacher Discovers Her Impact” (Friday, August 25). Accessed on October 15, 2006 at http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/14518189/
  • Naff , K. C. and J. Crum . 1999 . “Working for America: Does Public Service Motivation Make a Difference?” . Review of Public Personnel Administration 19 : 5 – 16 .
  • Orlitzky , M. , F. L. Schmidt , and S. L. Rynes . 2003 . “Corporate Social and Financial Performance: A Meta-Analysis.” . Organization Studies 24 : 403 – 441 .
  • Orne , M. T. 1962 . “On the Social Psychology of the Psychological Experiment.” . American Psychologist 19 : 760 – 783 .
  • Ouchi , W. , R. Riordan , L. Lingle , and L. Porter . 2005 . “Making Public Schools Work: Management Reform as the Key.” . Academy of Management Journal 48 : 929 – 940 .
  • Palmer , C. E. 1983 . “A Note about Paramedics' Strategies for Dealing with Death and Dying.” . Journal of Occupational Psychology 56 : 83 – 86 .
  • Parker , S. K. and T. Wall . 1998 . Job and Work Design: Organizing Work to Promote Well-Being and Effectiveness . London : Sage .
  • Parker , S. K. , T. D. Wall , and J. L. Cordery . 2001 . “Future Work Design Research and Practice: Towards an Elaborated Model of Work Design.” . Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 74 : 413 – 440 .
  • Penner , L. A. , J. F. Dovidio , J. A. Piliavin , and D. A. Schroeder . 2005 . “ Prosocial Behavior: Multilevel Perspectives .” Annual Review of Psychology 56 : 14.1 – 14.28 .
  • Perrow , C. 1984. Normal Accidents: Living with High-Risk Technologies . New York : Basic Books.
  • Perry , J. L. 1996 . “Measuring Public Service Motivation: An Assessment of Construct Reliability and Validity.” . Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 6 : 5 – 24 .
  • Perry , J. L. 1997 . “Antecedents of Public Service Motivation.” . Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 7 : 181 – 197 .
  • Perry , J. L. 2000 . “Bringing Society in: Toward a Theory of Public-Service Motivation.” . Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 10 : 471 – 488 .
  • Perry , J. L. , D. Mesch , and L. Paarlberg . 2006 . “Motivating Employees in a New Governance Era: The Performance Paradigm Revisited.” . Public Administration Review 66 : 89 – 122 .
  • Perry , J. L. and L. W . Porter . 1982 . “Factors Affecting the Context for Motivation in Public Organizations.” . Academy of Management Review 7 : 89 – 98 .
  • Perry , J. L. and H. G. Rainey . 1988 . “The Public-Private Distinction in Organization Theory: A Critique and Research Strategy.” . Academy of Management Review 13 : 182 – 201 .
  • Perry , J. L. and L. R. Wise . 1990 . “The Motivational Bases of Public Service.” . Public Administration Review 50 : 367 – 373 .
  • Pettigrew , A. M. 2005 . “The Character and Significance of Management Research on the Public Services.” . Academy of Management Journal 48 : 973 – 977 .
  • Piliavin , J. A. and H. Charng . 1990 . “Altruism: A Review of Recent Theory and Research.” . Annual Review of Sociology 16 : 27 – 65 .
  • Piliavin , J. A. , J. A. Grube , and P. L. Callero . 2002 . “Role as Resource for Action in Public Service.” . Journal of Social Issues 58 : 469 – 485 .
  • Prentice , D. A. and D. T. Miller . 1992 . “When Small Effects are Impressive.” . Psychological Bulletin 112 : 160 – 164 .
  • Rainey , H. G. 1997 . Understanding and Managing Public Organizations () , 2nd ed. . San Francisco , CA : Jossey-Bass .
  • Red Cross Everyday Heroes Archive . 2006 . Accessed on October 17, 2006 at http://www.redcross.org/services/hss/newspro/heroarchive.html
  • Regehr , C. 2001 . “Crisis Debriefing Groups for Emergency Responders: Reviewing the Evidence.” . Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention 1 : 87 – 100 .
  • Regehr , C. and T. Bober . 2005 . In the Line of Fire: Trauma in the Emergency Services . New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Regehr , C. , G. Goldberg , and J. Hughes . 2002 . “Exposure to Human Tragedy, Empathy, and Trauma in Ambulance Paramedics.” . American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 72 : 505 – 513 .
  • Rosenthal , R. 1994 . “Interpersonal Expectancy Effects: A 30-Year Perspective.” . Current Directions in Psychological Science 3 : 176 – 179 .
  • Rynes , S. L. , B. Gerhart , and K. A. Minette . 2004 . “The Importance of Pay in Employee Motivation: Discrepancies between What People Say and What They Do.” . Human Resource Management 43 : 381 – 394 .
  • Rynes , S. L. , B. Gerhart , and K. Parks . 2005 . “Personnel Psychology: Performance Evaluation and Pay for Performance.” . Annual Review of Psychology 56 : 571 – 600 .
  • Rynes , S. L. and D. L. Shapiro . 2005 . “Public Policy and the Public Interest: What if We Mattered More?” . Academy of Management Journal 48 : 925 – 928 .
  • Scott , P. G. and S. K. Pandey . 2005 . “Red Tape and Public Service Motivation: Findings from a National Survey of Managers in State Health and Human Services Agencies.” . Review of Public Personnel Administration 25 : 155 – 180 .
  • Seligman , M. E. P. and P. Schulman . 1986 . “Explanatory Style as a Predictor of Productivity and Quitting among Life Insurance Sales Agents.” . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 50 : 832 – 838 .
  • Small , D. A. and G. Loewenstein . 2003. “Helping a Victim or Helping the Victim: Altruism and Identifiability.”. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 26: 5–16.
  • Smith , K. G. , S. J. Carroll , and S. J. Ashford . 1995 . “Intra- and Interorganizational Cooperation: Toward a Research Agenda.” . Academy of Management Journal 38 : 7 – 23 .
  • Stürmer , S. , M. Snyder , and A. M. Omoto . 2005 . “Prosocial Emotions and Helping: The Moderating Role of Group Membership.” . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 88 : 532 – 546 .
  • Thompson , A. M. and B. A. Bono . 1993 . “Work without Wages: The Motivation for Volunteer Firefighters.” . American Journal of Economics and Sociology 52 : 323 – 343 .
  • Turban , D. B. and D. W. Greening . 1997 . “Corporate Social Performance and Organizational Attractiveness to Prospective Employees.” . Academy of Management Journal 40 : 658 – 672 .
  • Van Eerde , W. and H. Thierry . 1996 . “Vroom's Expectancy Models and Work-Related Criteria: A Meta-Analysis.” . Journal of Applied Psychology 81 : 575 – 586 .
  • Van Maanen , J. 1975 . “Police Organization: A Longitudinal Examination of Job Attitudes in an Urban Police Department.” . Administrative Science Quarterly 20 : 207 – 228 .
  • Vandenabeele , W. , S. Scheepers , and A. Hondeghem . 2006 . “Public Service Motivation in an International Comparative Perspective: The UK and Germany.” . Public Policy and Administration 21 : 13 – 31 .
  • Vecchi , G. M. , V. B. Van Hasselt , and S. J. Romano . 2005 . “Crisis (Hostage) Negotiation: Current Strategies and Issues in High-Risk Conflict Resolution.” . Aggression and Violent Behavior 10 : 533 – 551 .
  • Vroom , V. H. 1964 . Work and Motivation . New York : Wiley .
  • Wade-Benzoni , K. A. 2002 . “A Golden Rule Over Time: Reciprocity in Intergenerational Allocation Decisions.” . Academy of Management Journal 45 : 1011 – 1028 .
  • Wade-Benzoni , K. A. 2006 . “Legacies, Immortality, and the Future: The Psychology of Intergenerational Altruism.” Pp. 247 – 270 in A. E. Tenbrunsel , ed. Research in Managing Groups and Teams , Vol. 8 . Oxford : Elsevier Science Press .
  • Wall , T. D. , N. J. Kemp , P. R. Jackson , and C. W. Clegg . 1986 . “Outcomes of Autonomous Workgroups: A Long-Term Field Experiment.” . Academy of Management Journal 29 : 280 – 304 .
  • Walsh , J. P. , K. Weber , and J. D. Margolis . 2003 . “Social Issues and Management: Our Lost Cause Found.” . Journal of Management 29 : 859 – 881 .
  • Ward , P. , L. A. Johnson , M. C. Ward , and D. L. Jones . 1997 . “Comparison of the Effects of Formal and Informal Accountability on the Correct Performance of a Lifeguard Rescue.” . Journal of Behavioral Education 7 : 359 – 371 .
  • Wood , D. J. 1991 . “Social Issues in Management: Theory and Research in Corporate Social Performance.” . Journal of Management 17 : 383 – 406 .
  • Wright , B. E. 2001 . “Public Sector Work Motivation: Review of Current Literature and a Revised Conceptual Model.” . Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 11 : 559 – 586 .
  • Wright , B. E. 2004 . “The Role of Work Context in Work Motivation: A Public Sector Application of Goal and Social Cognitive Theories.” . Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 14 : 59 – 78 .
  • Wright , B. E. and S. Kim . 2004. “Participation's Influence on Job Satisfaction: The Importance of Job Characteristics.”. Review of Public Personnel Administration 24: 18–40.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.