2,209
Views
48
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Government Employees’ Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Impacts of Public Service Motivation, Organizational Identification, and Subjective OCB Norms

REFERENCES

  • Allen, N. J. and J. P. Meyer. 1990. “The Measurement and Antecedents of Affective, Continuance and Normative Commitment to the Organization.” Journal of Occupational Psychology 63(1): 1–18.
  • Allen, N. J. and J. P. Meyer. 1996. “Affective, Continuance, and Normative Commitment to the Organization: An Examination of Construct Validity.” Journal of Vocational Behavior 49(3): 252–276.
  • Alonso, P. and G. B. Lewis. 2001. “Public Service Motivation and Job Performance.” The American Review of Public Administration 31(4): 363–380.
  • Alotaibi, A. G. 2001. “Antecedents of Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Study of Public Personnel in Kuwait.” Public Personnel Management 30(3): 363–376.
  • Anderson, S. E. and L. J. Williams. 1996. “Interpersonal, Job, and Individual Factors Related to Helping Processes at Work.” Journal of Applied Psychology 81(3): 282–296.
  • Andrews, M. C., K. M. Kacmar, and K. J. Harris. 2009. “Got Political Skill? The Impact of Justice on the Importance of Political Skill for Job Performance.” Journal of Applied Psychology 94(6): 1427–1437.
  • Ansbacher, H. L. 1991. “The Concept of Social Interest.” Individual Psychology: The Journal of Adlerian Theory, Research & Practice 47(1): 28–46.
  • Arvey, R. D., T. J. J. Bouchard, N. L. Segal, and L. M. Abraham. 1989. “Job Satisfaction: Environmental and Genetic Components.” Journal of Applied Psychology 74(2): 187–192.
  • Ashforth, B. E. and F. Mael. 1989. “Social Identity Theory and the Organization.” Academy of Management Review 14(1): 20–39.
  • Bass, M. L., W. L. Curlette, R. M. Kern, and A. E. McWilliams Jr. 2002. “Social Interest: A Meta-analysis of a Multidimensional Construct.” Journal of Individual Psychology 58(1): 4–34.
  • Bateman, T. S. and D. W. Organ. 1983. “Job Satisfaction and the Good Soldier: The Relationship between Affect and Employee Citizenship.” Academy of Management Journal 26(4): 587–595.
  • Bellé, N. 2013. “Experimental Evidence on the Relationship between Public Service Motivation and Job Performance.” Public Administration Review 73(1): 143–153.
  • Bergami, M. and R. P. Bagozzi. 2000. “Self-Categorization, Affective Commitment, and Group Self-Esteem as Distinct Aspects of Social Identity in the Organization.” British Journal of Social Psychology 39(4): 555–577.
  • Brown, S. P. 1996. “A Meta-analysis and Review of Organizational Research on Job Involvement.” Psychological Bulletin 120(2): 235–255.
  • Carmeli, A. 2005. “Perceived External Prestige, Affective Commitment, and Citizenship Behaviors.” Organization Studies 26(3): 443–464.
  • Chattopadhyay, P. 1999. “Beyond Direct and Symmetrical Effects: The Influence of Demographic Dissimilarity on Organizational Citizenship Behavior.” Academy of Management Journal 42(3): 273–287.
  • Chen, C.-A., C.-W. Hsieh, and D.-Y. Chen. 2013. “Fostering Public Service Motivation through Workplace Trust: Evidence from Public Managers in Taiwan.” Public Administration, published online: doi: 10.1111/padm.12042.
  • Christensen, R. K. and B. E. Wright. 2011. “The Effects of Public Service Motivation on Job Choice Decisions: Disentangling the Contributions of Person-Organization Fit and Person-Job Fit.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 21(4): 723–743.
  • Coursey, D., K. Yang, and S. K. Pandey. 2012. “Public Service Motivation (PSM) and Support for Citizen Participation: A Test of Perry and Vandenabeele's Reformulation of PSM Theory.” Public Administration Review 72(4): 572–582.
  • Coyle-Shapiro, J. 2002. “A Psychological Contract Perspective on Organizational Citizenship Behavior.” Journal of Organizational Behavior 23(8): 927–946.
  • Coyle-Shapiro, J. and I. Kessler. 2002. “Contingent and Non-Contingent Working in Local Government: Contrasting Psychological Contracts.” Public Administration 80(1): 77–101.
  • Coyle-Shapiro, J. and I. Kessler. 2003. “The Employment Relationship in the U.K. Public Sector: A Psychological Contract Perspective.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 13(2): 213–230.
  • Coyle-Shapiro, J., P. C. Morrow, and I. Kessler. 2006. “Serving Two Organizations: Exploring the Employment Relationship of Contracted Employees.” Human Resource Management 45(4): 561–583.
  • Crandall, J. E. 1981. Theory and Measurement of Social Interest: Empirical Tests of Alfred Adler's Concept. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
  • Cremer, D. D. and D. V. Knippenberg. 2002. “How Do Leaders Promote Cooperation? The Effect of Charisma and Procedural Fairness.” Journal of Applied Psychology 87(5): 858–866.
  • Crewson, P. E. 1997. “Public Service Motivation: Building Empirical Evidence of Incidence and Effect.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 7(4): 499–518.
  • Curlette, W. L. and R. M. Kern. 2002. “Measuring Gemeinschaftsgefohl.” Journal of Individual Psychology 58(1): Editor's Notes 1–3.
  • Dalal, R. S. 2005. “A Meta-Analysis of the Relationship between Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Counterproductive Work Behavior.” Journal of Applied Psychology 90(6): 1241–1255.
  • Davis, R. S. and E. C. Stazyk. 2013. “Making Ends Meet: How Reiventing Reforms Complement Public Service Motivation.” Public Administration, published online. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9299.2012.02112.x
  • Deci, E. L., R. Koestner, and R. M. Ryan. 1999. “A Meta-Analytic Review of Experiments Examining the Effects of Extrinsic Rewards on Intrinsic Motivation.” Psychological Bulletin 125(6): 627–668.
  • Deci, E. L. and R. M. Ryan. 1980. “The Empirical Exploration of Intrinsic Motivational Process.” Pp. 39–80 in L. Berkowitz ed., Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Vol. 13. New York: Academic Press.
  • Deci, E. L. and R. M. Ryan. 1985. Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior. New York: Plenum.
  • Deci, E. L. and R. M. Ryan. 2000. “The ‘What’ and ‘Why’ of Goal Pursuits: Human Needs and the Self-Determination of Behavior.” Psychological Inquiry 11(4): 227–268.
  • Dick, R. V., M. W. Grojean, O. Christ, and J. Wieseke. 2006. “Identity and the Extra Mile: Relationships between Organizational Identification and Organizational Citizenship Behavior.” British Journal of Management 17(4): 283–301.
  • Dukerich, J. M., B. R. Golden, and S. M. Shortell. 2002. “Beauty is in the Eye of the Beholder: The Impact of Organizational Identification, Identity, and Image on the Cooperative Behaviors of Physicians.” Administrative Science Quarterly 47(3): 507–533.
  • Dutton, J. E., J. M. Dukerich, and C. V. Harquail. 1994. “Organizational Images and Member Identification.” Administrative Science Quarterly 39(2): 239–263.
  • Dyne, L. V., J. W. Graham, and R. M. Dienesch. 1994. “Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Construct Redefinition, Measurement, and Validation.” Academy of Management Journal 37(4): 765–802.
  • Ehrhart, M. G. 2004. “Leadership and Procedural Justice Climate as Antecedents of Unit-Level Organizational Citizenship Behavior.” Personnel Psychology 57(1): 61–94.
  • Ehrhart, M. G. and S. E. Naumann. 2004. “Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Work Groups: A Group Norms Approach.” Journal of Applied Psychology 89(6): 960–974.
  • Eisenberger, R., R. Huntington, S. Hutchison, and D. Sowa. 1986. “Perceived Organizational Support.” Journal of Applied Psychology 71(3): 500–507.
  • Fassina, N. E., D. A. Jones, and K. L. Uggerslev. 2008. “Relationship Clean-Up Time: Using Meta-Analysis and Path Analysis to Clarify Relationships among Job Satisfaction, Perceived Fairness, and Citizenship Behaviors.” Journal of Management 34(2): 161–188.
  • Finkelstein, M. A. and L. A. Penner. 2004. “Predicting Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Integrating the Functional and Role Identity Approaches.” Social Behavior and Personality 32(4): 383–398.
  • Gould-Williams, J. S., A. M. S. Mostafa, and P. Bottomley. 2013. “Public Service Motivation and Employee Outcomes in the Egyptian Public Sector: Testing the Mediating Effect of Person-Organization Fit.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, published online: doi:10.1093/jopart/mut053.
  • Grant, A. M. 2007. “Relational Job Design and the Motivation to Make a Prosocial Difference.” Academy of Management Review 32(2): 393–417.
  • Greenberg, J. 1990. “Organizational Justice: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow.” Journal of Management 16(2): 399–432.
  • Greenberg, J. 1993. “Justice and Organizational Citizenship: A Commentary on the State of the Science.” Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal 6(3): 249–256.
  • Hassan, S. and J. Rohrbaugh. 2012. “Variability in the Organizational Climate of Government Offices and Affective Organizational Commitment.” Public Management Review 14(5): 563–584.
  • Hirschfeld, R. R. 2000. “Does Revising the Intrinsic and Extrinsic Subscales of the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form Make a Difference?” Educational and Psychological Measurement 60(2): 255–270.
  • Hofstede, G. 1980. “Motivation, Leadership, and Organization: Do American Theories Apply Abroad?” Organizational Dynamics 9(1): 42–63.
  • Houston, D. J. 2000. “Public Service Motivation: A Multivariate Test.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 10(4): 713–728.
  • Houston, D. J. 2006. “‘Walking the Walk’ of Public Service Motivation: Public Employees and Charitable Gifts of Time, Blood, and Money.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 16(1): 67–86.
  • Jiao, C. and R. D. Hackett. 2007. “The Effects of LMX on Employee Conceptualizations and Display of OCB.” Paper presented at Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings, Philadelphia, PA, August 3–8. New York, NY: Academy of Management.
  • Joy, V. L. and L. A. Witt. 1992. “Delay of Gratification as a Moderator of the Procedural Justice Distributive Justice Relationship.” Group Organization Management 17(3): 297–308.
  • Kandan, P. and I. B. Ali. 2010. “A Correlation Study of Leader-Member Exchange and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in a Public Sector Organization.” Journal of Global Business and Economics 1(1): 62–78.
  • Katz, D. 1964. “The Motivational Basis of Organizational Behavior.” Behavioral Science 9(2): 131–146.
  • Kiggundu, M. N. 1983. “Task Interdependence and Job Design: Test of a Theory.” Organizational Behavior and Human Performance 31(2): 145–172.
  • Kim, S. 2005. “Individual-Level Factors and Organizational Performance in Government Organizations.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 15(2): 245–261.
  • Kim, S. 2006. “Public Service Motivation and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Korea.” International Journal of Manpower 27(8): 722–740.
  • Leak, G. K. and K. C. Leak. 2006. “Adlerian Social Interest and Positive Psychology: A Conceptual and Empirical Integration.” Journal of Individual Psychology 62(3): 207–223.
  • Lee, S. H. and D. Olshfski. 2002. “Employee Commitment and Firefighters: It's My Job.” Public Administration Review 62(1): 108–114.
  • Leisink, P. and B. Steijn. 2009. “Public Service Motivation and Job Performance of Public Sector Employees in the Netherlands.” International Review of Administrative Sciences 75(1): 35–52.
  • LePine, J. A., A. Erez, and D. E. Johnson. 2002. “The Nature and Dimensionality of Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Critical Review and Meta-Analysis.” Journal of Applied Psychology 87(1): 52–65.
  • Levinthal, G. S. 1980. “What Should be Done with Equity Theory? New Approaches to the Study of Fairness in Social Relationships.” Pp. 91–131 in L. Berkowitz and W. Walster eds., Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Vol. 9. New York, NY: Academic Press.
  • Mael, F. and B. E. Ashforth. 1992. “Alumni and their Alma Mater: A Partial Test of the Reformulated Model of Organizational Identification.” Journal of Organizational Behavior 13(2): 103–123.
  • Meyer, J. P., N. J. Allen, and C. A. Smith. 1993. “Commitment to Organizations and Occupations: Extension and Test of a Three-Component Conceptualization.” Journal of Applied Psychology 78(4): 538–551.
  • Moorman, R. H. 1993. “The Influence of Cognitive and Affective Based Job Satisfaction Measures on the Relationship between Satisfaction and Organizational Citizenship Behavior.” Human Relations 46(6): 759–776.
  • Moorman, R. H. and G. L. Blakely. 1995. “Individualism-Collectivism as an Individual Difference Predictor of Organizational Citizenship Behavior.” Journal of Organizational Behavior 16(2): 127–142.
  • Moorman, R. H., B. P. Niehoff, and D. W. Organ. 1993. “Treating Employees Fairly and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Sorting the Effects of Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, and Procedural Justice.” Employee Responsibilities & Rights Journal 6(3): 209–225.
  • Morrison, E. W. 1994. “Role Definitions and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Importance of the Employee's Perspective.” Academy of Management Journal 37(6): 1543–1567.
  • Mowday, R. T., R. M. Steers, and L. W. Porter. 1979. “The Measurement of Organizational Commitment.” Journal of Vocational Behavior 14(2): 224–247.
  • Moynihan, D. P. and S. K. Pandey. 2007. “The Role of Organizations in Fostering Public Service Motivation.” Public Administration Review 67(1): 40–53.
  • Nielsen, T. M., G. A. Hrivnak, and M. Shaw. 2009. “Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Performance: A Meta-Analysis of Group-Level Research.” Small Group Research 40(5): 555–577.
  • Noblet, A., J. McWilliams, S. T. T. Teo, and J. Rodwell. 2006. “Work Characteristics and Employee Outcomes in Local Government.” International Journal of Human Resource Management 17(10): 1804–1818.
  • Odom, R. Y., W. R. Boxx, and M. G. Dunn. 1990. “Organizational Cultures, Commitment, Satisfaction, and Cohesion.” Public Productivity & Management Review 14(2): 157–169.
  • Organ, D. W. 1990. “The Motivational Basis of Organizational Citizenship Behavior.” Pp. 43–72 in L. L. Cummings and B. M. Staw eds., The Motivational Basis of Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Vol. 12. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
  • Organ, D. W. 1997. “Organizational Citizenship Behavior: It's Construct Clean-up Time.” Human Performance 10(2): 85–97.
  • Organ, D. W. and A. Lingl. 1995. “Personality, Satisfaction, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior.” Journal of Social Psychology 135(3): 339–350.
  • Organ, D. W. and R. H. Moorman. 1993. “Fairness and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: What are the Connections?” Social Justice Research 6(1): 5–18.
  • Organ, D. W., P. M. Podsakoff, and S. B. MacKenzie. 2006. Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Its Nature, Antecedents, and Consequences. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
  • Organ, D. W. and K. Ryan. 1995. “A Meta-Analytic Review of Attitudinal and Dispositional Predictors of Organizational Citizenship Behavior.” Personnel Psychology 48(4): 775–802.
  • Pandey, S. K., B. E. Wright, and D. P. Moynihan. 2008. “Public Service Motivation and Interpersonal Citizenship Behavior in Public Organizations: Testing a Preliminary Model.” International Public Management Journal 11(1): 89–108.
  • Parker, C. P., B. B. Baltes, and N. D. Christiansen. 1997. “Support for Affirmative Action, Justice Perceptions, and Work Attitudes: A Study of Gender and Racial–Ethnic Group Differences.” Journal of Applied Psychology 82(3): 376–389.
  • Pearce, J. L. and H. B. Gregersen. 1991. “Task Interdependence and Extrarole Behavior: A Test of the Mediating Effects of Felt Responsibility.” Journal of Applied Psychology 76(6): 838–844.
  • Penner, L. A. 2002. “Dispositional and Organizational Influences on Sustained Volunteerism: An Interactionist Perspective.” Journal of Social Issues 58(3): 447–467.
  • Perry, J. L. 1996. “Measuring Public Service Motivation: An Assessment of Construct Reliability and Validity.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 6(1): 5–22.
  • Perry, J. L. 1997. “Antecedents of Public Service Motivation.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 7(2): 181–197.
  • Perry, J. L. 2000. “Bringing Society In: Toward a Theory of Public Service Motivation.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 10(2): 471–488.
  • Perry, J. L. and L. R. Wise. 1990. “The Motivational Bases of Public Service.” Public Administration Review 50(3): 367–373.
  • Podsakoff, P. M., S. B. MacKenzie, J. Y. Lee, and N. P. Podsakoff. 2003. “Common Method Biases in Behavioral Research: A Critical Review of the Literature and Recommended Remedies.” Journal of Applied Psychology 88(5): 879–903.
  • Podsakoff, P. M., S. B. MacKenzie, J. B. Paine, and D. G. Bachrach. 2000. “Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: A Critical Review of the Theoretical and Empirical Literature and Suggestions for Future Research.” Journal of Management 26(3): 513–563.
  • Rayner, J., A. Lawton, and H. Williams. 2012. “Organizational Citizenship Behavior and the Public Service Ethos: Whither the Organization?” Journal of Business Ethics 106(2): 117–130.
  • Rhoades, L. and R. Eisenberger. 2002. “Perceived Organizational Support: A Review of the Literature.” Journal of Applied Psychology 87(4): 698–714.
  • Richardson, H. A. and R. J. Vandenberg. 2005. “Integrating Managerial Perceptions and Transformational Leadership into a Work-Unit Level Model of Employee Involvement.” Journal of Organizational Behavior 26(5): 561–589.
  • Riketta, M. 2005. “Organizational Identification: A Meta-Analysis.” Journal of Vocational Behavior 66(2): 358–384.
  • Rioux, S. M. and L. A. Penner. 2001. “The Causes of Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Motivational Analysis.” Journal of Applied Psychology 86(6): 1306–1314.
  • Schmitt, N. and A. G. Bedeian. 1982. “A Comparison of LISREL and Two-Stage Least Squares Analysis of a Hypothesized Life-Job Satisfaction Reciprocal Relationship.” Journal of Applied Psychology 67(6): 806–817.
  • Shim, D. C. and J. Rohrbaugh. 2014. “An Explanation of Differences between Government Offices in Employees’ Organizational Citizenship Behavior.” Public Management Review 16(6): 807–829.
  • Smith, C. A., D. W. Organ, and J. P. Near. 1983. “Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Its Nature and Antecedents.” Journal of Applied Psychology 68(4): 653–663.
  • Spector, P. E. 1997. Job Satisfaction: Application, Assessment, Causes, and Consequences. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Steijn, B. 2008. “Person-Environment Fit and Public Service Motivation.” International Public Management Journal 11(1): 13–27.
  • Shim, D. C. and J. Rohrbaugh. 2014. “An Explanation of Differences between Government Offices in Employees’ Organizational Citizenship Behavior.” Public Management Review 16(6): 807–829.
  • Tajfel, H. 1974. “Social Identity and Intergroup Behaviour.” Social Science Information 13(2): 65–93.
  • Tang, T. L. and A. H. Ibrahim. 1998. “Antecedents of Organizational Citizenship Behavior Revisited: Public Personnel in the United States and the Middle East.” Public Personnel Management 27(4): 529–529.
  • Taylor, J. 2007. “The Impact of Public Service Motives on Work Outcomes in Australia: A Comparative Multi-Dimensional Analysis.” Public Administration 85(4): 931–959.
  • Tyler, T. R. and S. L. Blader. 2000. Cooperation in Group: Procedural Justice, Social Identity, and Behavioral Engagement. Philadelphia: Psychology Press.
  • Tyler, T. R. and S. L. Blader. 2003. “The Group Engagement Model: Procedural Justice, Social Identity, and Cooperative Behavior.” Personality and Social Psychology Review 7(4): 349–361.
  • Tyler, T. R., P. Degoey, and H. Smith. 1996. “Understanding Why the Justice of Group Procedures Matters: A Test of the Psychological Dynamics of the Group-Value Model.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 70(5): 913–930.
  • Vandenabeele, W. 2009. “The Mediating Effect of Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment on Self-Reported Performance: More Robust Evidence of the PSM—Performance Relationship.” International Review of Administrative Sciences 75(1): 11–34.
  • Vandenberg, R. J. and V. Scarpello. 1990. “The Matching Model: An Examination of the Processes Underlying Realistic Job Previews.” Journal of Applied Psychology 75(1): 60–67.
  • Vigoda, E. and R. T. Golembiewski. 2001. “Citizenship Behavior and the Spirit of New Managerialism.” The American Review of Public Administration 31(3): 273–295.
  • Whitman, D. S., D. L. Van Rooy, and C. Viswesvaran. 2010. “Satisfaction, Citizenship Behavior, and Performance in Work Units: A Meta-Analysis of Collective Construct Relations.” Personnel Psychology 63(1): 41–81.
  • Yeo, M., S. Ananthram, S. T. T. Teo, and C. A. Pearson. 2013. “Leader–Member Exchange and Relational Quality in a Singapore Public Sector Organization.” Public Management Review 1–24.
  • Yoon, M. H. and J. Suh. 2003. “Organizational Citizenship Behaviors and Service Quality as External Effectiveness of Contact Employees.” Journal of Business Research 56(8): 597–611.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.