232
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Stratigraphy of the Gorstian and Ludfordian (upper Silurian) Hemse Group reefs on Gotland, Sweden

ORCID Icon, , , , & ORCID Icon
Pages 71-83 | Received 26 Feb 2020, Accepted 30 Nov 2020, Published online: 20 Jan 2021

References

  • Baarli, B.G., Johnson, M.E. & Antoshkina, A.I., 2003: Silurian stratigraphy and paleogeography of Baltica. In E. Landing & M.E. Johnson (eds.): Silurian lands and seas, paleogeography outside of Laurentia, 3–34. New York State Museum Bulletin 492, New York, NY.
  • Bjerkéus, M. & Eriksson, M., 2001: Late Silurian reef development in the Baltic Sea. GFF 123, 169–179.
  • Bowman, C.N., Young, S.A. Kaljo, D., Eriksson, M.:.E., Them II, T.R., Hints, O., Martma, T. & Owens, J.D., 2019: Linking the progressive expansion of reducing conditions to a stepwise mass extinction event in the late Silurian oceans. Geology 47, 968–972. doi:10.1130/G46571.1.
  • Burke, C.D., McHenry, T.M., Bischoff, W.D. & Mazzullo, S.J., 1998: Coral diversity and mode of growth of lateral expansion patch reefs at Mexico Rocks, Northern Belize shelf, Central America. Carbonates and Evaporites 13, 32–42.
  • Calner, M., 1999: Stratigraphy, facies development, and depositional dynamics of the Late Wenlock Fröjel Formation, Gotland, Sweden. GFF 121, 13–24.
  • Calner, M. & Säll, E., 1999: Transgressive oolites onlapping a Silurian rocky shoreline unconformity, Gotland, Sweden. GFF 121, 91–100.
  • Calner, M., Sandström, O. & Mõtus, A.-M., 2000: Significance of a halysitid-heliolitid mud-facies autobiostrome from the Middle Silurian of Gotland, Sweden. Palaios 15, 511–523.
  • Cherns, L., 1982: Paleokarst, tidal erosion surfaces and stromatolites in the Silurian Eke Formation of Gotland, Sweden. Sedimentology 29, 819–833.
  • Cherns, L., 1983: The Hemse-Eke Boundary; Facies relationships in the Ludlow series of Gotland Sweden. Sveriges geologiska undersökning C 800, 1–44.
  • Cherns, L., 1999: Silurian Chitons as Indicators of Rocky Shores and Lowstand on Gotland, Sweden. Palaios 14, 172–179.
  • Dahlqvist, P., Triumf, C.-A., Persson, L., Bastani, M., Erlström, M., Jørgensen, F., Thulin Olander, H., Gustafsson, M., Thorsbrink, M., Schoning, K. & Curtis, P., 2015: SkyTEM-undersökningar på Gotland. Sveriges geologiska undersökning Rapporter och meddelanden 136, 116pp.
  • Dahlqvist, P., Triumf, C.-A., Persson, L., Bastani, M., Erlström, M. & Schoning, K., 2017: SkyTEM-undersökningar på Gotland, del 2. Sveriges geologiska undersökning Rapporter och meddelanden 140, 125.
  • Dunham, R.J., 1962: Classification of carbonate rocks according to depositional texture. In: W.E. Ham (ed.): Classification of carbonate rocks. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir Vol. 1, 108–121. Boulder.
  • Eriksson, M.J., 2004: Formation and significance of a middle Silurian ravinement surface on Gotland, Sweden. Sedimentary Geology 170, 163–175.
  • Eriksson, M.J. & Calner, M., 2008: A sequence stratigraphical model for the Late Ludfordian (Silurian) of Gotland, Sweden: implications for timing between changes in sea level, palaeoecology, and the global carbon cycle. Facies 54, 253–276.
  • Erlström, M. & Persson, L., 2014: Radiomagnetotelluric mapping of marlstone and limestone in the Silurian bedrock of Gotland. GFF 136, 571–580.
  • Erlström, M., Persson, L., Sivhed, U. & Wickström, L., 2009: Beskrivning till regional berggrundskarta över Gotlands län. Sveriges geologiska undersökning K 221, 60.
  • Flodén, T., Bjerkéus, M., Tuuling, I. & Eriksson, M., 2001: A Silurian reefal succession from the Gotland area, Baltic Sea. GFF 123, 137–152.
  • Flügel, E., 2004: Microfacies of Carbonate Rocks: analysis, Interpretation and Application, 976. Springer Verlag, Heidelberg.
  • Frykman, P., 1989: Carbonate ramp facies of the Klinteberg Formation, Wenlock-Ludlow transition on Gotland, Sweden. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning C 820, 1–79.
  • Hede, J.E., 1929: Berggrunden (Silursystemet). In: H. Munthe, J.E. Hede, & G. Lundquist (eds.): Beskrivning till kartbladet Katthammarsvik. Sveriges geologiska undersökning Aa 170, 14–57.
  • Hede, J.E., 1960: The Silurian of Gotland. In: G. Regnèll & J.E. Hede (eds.): The Lower Paleozoic of Scania, The Silurian of Gotland. International Geological Congress, 21st Session, 44–89. Guide to Excursions Nos A22 and C17, Norden. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning, Stockholm, Sweden.
  • Hutchings, P., Kingsford, M.J. & Hoegh-Guldberg, O. (eds), 2009: The Great Barrier Reef: biology, environment and management, 392. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
  • Jeppsson, L., 2005: Conodont-based revisions of the Late Ludfordian on Gotland, Sweden. GFF 127, 273–282.
  • Jeppsson, L. & Aldridge, R.J., 2000: Ludlow (late Silurian) oceanic episodes and events. Journal of the Geological Society, London 157, 1137–1148.
  • Jeppsson, L., Eriksson, M.E. & Calner, M., 2006: A latest Llandovery to latest Ludlow high-resolution biostratigraphy based on the Silurian of Gotland – a summary. GFF 128, 109–114.
  • Jeppsson, L., Talent, J.A., Mawson, R., Simpson, A.J., Andrew, A., Calner, M., Whitford, D., Trotter, J.A., Sandström, O. & Caldon, H.J., 2007: High-resolution Late Silurian correlations between Gotland, Sweden, and the Broken River region, NE Australia: lithologies, conodonts and isotopes. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 245, 115–137.
  • Jørgensen, F., Erlström, M., Persson, L., Bastani, M., Sopher, D., Lundh Gulbrandsen, M. & Dahlqvist, P., 2018: A 3D geological model of the Island of Gotland based on extensive airborne EM mapping, seismic data and log stratigraphy. AEM 2018, 7th International Workshop on Airborne Electromagnetics, 4pp.
  • Kano, A., 1990: Species, morphologies and environmental relationships of the Ludlovian (Upper Silurian) stromatoporoids on Gotland, Sweden. Stockholm Contributions in Geology 42, 85–121.
  • Kano, A., 1994: Quantitative compositions and reef development of the Silurian limestones of Gotland, Sweden. CFS-Courier 172, 141–146.
  • Keeling, M. & Kershaw, S., 1994: Rocky shore environments in the Upper Silurian of Gotland, Sweden. GFF 116, 69–74.
  • Kershaw, S., 1981: Stromatoporoid growth form and taxonomy in a Silurian biostrome, Gotland. Journal of Paleontology 55, 1284–1295.
  • Kershaw, S., 1990: Stromatoporoid palaeobiology and taphonomy in a Silurian biostrome, Gotland, Sweden. Palaeontology 33, 681–705.
  • Kershaw, S., 1994: Classification and geologic significance of biostromes. Facies 31, 81–92.
  • Kershaw, S., 1997: Palaeoenvironmental change in Silurian stromatoporoid reefs, Gotland, Sweden. Boletin Real Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural 91, 329–342.
  • Kershaw, S. & Keeling, M., 1994: Factors controlling the growth of stromatoporoid biostromes in the Ludlow of Gotland, Sweden. Sedimentary Geology 89, 325–335.
  • Kershaw, S. & Riding, R., 1978: Parameterization of stromatoporoid shape. Lethaia 11, 233–242.
  • Laufeld, S., 1974: Silurian chitinozoa from Gotland. Fossils and Strata 5, 1–130.
  • Legault, J.M., 2015: Airborne electromagnetic systems – state of the art and future directions. CSEG RECORDER, June 2015, 38–49.
  • Long, D.G.F., 1993: The Burgsvik Beds, an Upper Silurian storm generated sand ridge complex in southern Gotland, Sweden. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar 115, 299–309.
  • Manten, A.A., 1971: Silurian Reefs of Gotland, 539. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
  • Pedersen, L.B., Persson, L., Bastani, M. & Byström, S., 2009: Airborne VLF measurements and mapping of ground conductivity in Sweden. Journal of Applied Geophysics 67, 250–258.
  • Riding, R., 1981: Composition, structure and environmental setting of Silurian bioherms and biostromes in northern Europe. In D.F. Toomey (ed.): European Fossil Reef Models, 41–83. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publication 30. Tulsa, Oklahoma.
  • Riding, R., 2002: Structure and composition of organic reefs and carbonate mud mounds: concepts and categories. Earth Science Reviews 58, 163–231.
  • Riding, R. & Watts, N.R., 1991: The lower Wenlock reef sequence of Gotland: facies and lithostratigraphy. Geologiska Föreningens I Stockholm Förhandlingar 113, 343–372.
  • Samtleben, C., Munnecke, A. & Bickert, T., 2000: Development of Facies and C/O-isotopes in Transects through the Ludlow of Gotland: evidence of Global and Local influences on a Shallow-marine Environment. Facies 43, 1–38.
  • Sandström, O., 1998: Sediments and stromatoporoid morphotypes in Ludfordian (Upper Silurian) reefal sea stacks on Gotland, Sweden. GFF 120, 365–371.
  • Sandström, O., 2000: Reef biostromes and related facies from the Middle Silurian of Gotland, Sweden. Lund Publications in Geology 148, 1–16.
  • Sandström, O. & Kershaw, S., 1999: Reef biostrome facies models from the Ludlow (Upper Silurian) of Gotland, Sweden: International Association of Sedimentologists, 19th Regional European Meeting of Sedimentology, Copenhagen 1999. Abstract volume, 218–219.
  • Sandström, O. & Kershaw, S., 2002: Ludlow (Silurian) stromatoporoid biostromes from Gotland, Sweden: facies, depositional models and modern analogues. Sedimentology 49, 379–395.
  • Sandström, O. & Kershaw, S., 2008: Palaeobiology, ecology, and distribution of stromatoporoid faunas in biostromes of the mid-Ludlow of Gotland, Sweden. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 53, 293–302.
  • Sørensen, K.I. & Auken, E., 2004: SkyTEM – a new high-resolution helicopter transient electromagnetic system. Exploration Geophysics 35, 194–202.
  • Tuuling, I. & Flodén, T., 2011: Seismic stratigraphy, architecture and outcrop pattern of the Wenlock-Přidoli sequence offshore Saaremaa, Baltic Sea. Marine Geology 281, 14–26.
  • Tuuling, I. & Flodén, T., 2013: Silurian reefs off Saarema and their extension towards Gotland, central Baltic Sea. Geological Magazine 150, 923–936.
  • Watts, N.R. & Riding, R., 2000: Growth of high-relief patch reefs, Mid-Silurian, Gotland, Sweden. Sedimentology 47, 979–994.
  • Younes, H., Calner, M. & Lehnert, O., 2017: The first continuous δ13C record across the Late Silurian Lau Event on Gotland, Sweden. GFF 139, 63–69. doi:10.1080/11035897.2016.1227362.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.