The power of observation. Occupational therapists’ descriptions of doing observations of people with cognitive impairments in the context of community practice

References

• Stapleton T, McBrearty C. Use of standardised assessments and outcome measures among a sample of Irish occupational therapists working with adults with physical disabilities. Br J Occup Ther. 2009;72(2):55–64.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burns SC, Neville M. Cognitive assessment trends in home health care for adults with mild stroke. Am J Occup Ther. 2016;70(2):7002290020p1–7002290020p8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maskill L, Tempest S. Assessment and measuring change. In: Maskill L, Tempest S, editors. Neuropsychology for occupational therapists cognition in occupational performance. 4th ed. Oxford: WILEY Blackwell; 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Fawcett AL, Payne S, Howell C. Methods of assessment and sources of assessment data. In: Fawcett AL, editor. Principles of assessment and outcome measurement for occupational therapists and physiotherapists. London: Wiley & Sons; 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Chapparo C, Ranka J. Occupation analysis: cognition and aquired brain injury. In: Mackenzie L, O'Toole G, editors. Occupation analysis in practice. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Tempest S, Maskill L. Occupation and cognitive rehabilitation. In: Maskill L, Tempest S, editors. Neuropsychology for occupational therapists cognition in occupational performance. 4th ed. Oxford: WILEY Blackwell; 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Corcoran MA, Baum C, Dunn W. Using naturalistic measurement methods to understand occupational performance. In: Law M, Baum C, Dunn W, editors. Measuring occupational performance supporting best practice in occupational therapy. 3rd ed. Thorofare (NJ): SLACK Incorporated; 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Giles GM. A neurofunctional approach to rehabilitation following severe brain injury. In: Katz N, editor. Cognition & occupation across the life span Models for intervention in occupational therapy. 2nd ed. Bethesda (MD): AOTA Press; 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson BA, Herbert CM, Shiel A. Behavioural approaches in neuropsychological rehabilitation. Optimising rehabilitation procedures. New York (NY): Psychology Press; 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Smith HD. Assessment and evaluation: an overview. In: Hopkins HH, Smith HD, editors. Willard & Spackman's occupational therapy. 8th ed. Philadelphia (PA): J.B. Lippincott Company; 1993.
   Google Scholar
• Crepeau EB, Schell BAB, Gillen G, et al. Analyzing occupationa and activity. In: Schell BAB, Gillen G, Scaffa ME, editors. Willard & Spackman's occupational therapy. 12th ed. Philadelphia (PA): Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2014. p. 234–248.
   Google Scholar
• Chapparo C, Ranka J. The perceive, recall, plan, & perform system assessment course manual. 2018. (Available through courses from Occupational Performance Network, [email protected]).
   Google Scholar
• Fawcett AL. The importance of accurate assessment and outcome measurement. In: Fawcett AL, editor. Principles of assessment and outcome measurement for occupational therapists and physiotherapists. West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2007.
   Google Scholar
• DePoy E, Gitlin LN. Introduction to research. Understanding and applying multiple strategies. 5th ed. St. Louis: Elsevier; 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Gitlin LN. Measuring performance in instrumental activities of daily living. In: Law M, Baum C, Dunn W, editors. Measuring occupational performance supporting best practice in occupational therapy. Thorofare (NJ): SLACK Incorporated; 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Townsend E, Brintnell S, Staisey N. Developing guidelines for client-centred occupational therapy practice. Can J Occup Ther. 1990;57(2):69–76.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Law M, Baum C. Measurement in occupational therapy. In: Law M, Baum C, Dunn W, editors. Measuring occupational performance supporting best practice in occupational therapy. 3th ed. Thorofare: SLACK Incorporated; 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Hammell KW. Deviating from the norm: a sceptical interrogation of the classificatory practices of the ICF. Br J Occup Ther. 2004;67(9):408–411.
   Google Scholar
• Holm MB, Rogers JC. Measuring performance in instrumental activites of daily living. In: Law M, Baum C, Dunn W, editors. Measuring occupational performance supporting best practice in occupational therapy. 3rd ed. Thorofare (NJ): SLACK Incorporated; 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Hasselkus BR. Space and place: sources of meaning in occupation. In: Hasselkus BR, editor. The meaning of everyday occupation. 2th ed. Thorofare (NJ): SLACK Incorporated; 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Dunn W. Measurement concepts and practices. In: Law M, Baum C, Dunn W, editors. Measuring occupational performance supporting best practice in occupational therapy. 3rd ed. Thorofare (NJ): SLACK Incorporated; 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Gold DA. An examination of instrumental activities of daily living assessment in older adults and mild cognitive impairment. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2012;34(1):11–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stigen L, Bjørk E, Lund A, et al. Assessment of clients with cognitive impairments: a survey of Norwegian occupational therapists in municipal practice. Scand J Occup Ther. 2018;25(2):88–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stigen L, Bjørk E, Lund A. The conflicted practice: municipal occupational therapists' experiences with assessment of clients with cognitive impairments. Scand J Occup Ther. 2019;26(4):261–272.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douglas A, Liu L, Warren S, al e. Cognitive assessments for older adults: which ones are used by Canadian therapists and why. Can J Occup Ther. 2007;74(5):370–381.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Persoon A, Banningh LJ-W, van de Vrie W, et al. Development of the Nurses' Observation Scale for Cognitive Abilities (NOSCA). ISRN Nurs. 2011;2011:895082.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schmitter-Edgecombe M, Parsey CM. Cognitive correlates of functional abilities in individuals with mild cognitive impairment: comparison of questionnaire, direct observation, and performance-based measures. Clin Neuropsychol. 2014;28(5):726–746.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fangen K. Deltagende observasjon [Participatory observation]. 2nd ed. Bergen: Fagbokforlaget; 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Wallmann HW. Introduction to observational gait analysis. Home health care management & practice. Home Health Care Manag Pract. 2009;22(1):66–68.
   Google Scholar
• Sandelowski M. Whatever happened to qualitative description? Res Nurs Health. 2000;23(4):334–340.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamberelis G, Dimitriadis G. Focus groups. Strategic articulations of pedagogy, politics and inquiry. In: Denzin NK, Lincoln YS, editors. The SAGE handbook of qualitative research. Thousand Oaks (CA): SAGE Publications; 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Stanley M. Qualitative descriptive. A very good place to start. In: Nayar S, Stanley M, editors. Qualitative research methodologies for occupational science and therapy. New York (NY): Routledge; 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Schön DA. The reflective practitioner. How professionals think in action. London: Ashgate; 1983.
   Google Scholar
• Fisher AG. Assessment of motor and process skills. Fort Collins (CO): Three Stars Press; 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Wilcock AA, Hocking C. Defining occupation in relation to health. An occupational perspective of health. 3rd ed. Thorofare (NJ): SLACK Incorporated; 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Classen S, Velozo CA. Critiquing assessments. In: Schell BAB, Gillen G, Scaffa ME, editors. Willard & Spackman's occupational therapy. 12th ed. Baltimore (MD): Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2014. p. 302–321.
   Google Scholar
• Mayo CD, Scarapicchia V, Robinson LK, et al. Neuropsychological assessment of traumatic brain injury: current ethical challenges and recommendations for future practice. Appl Neuropsych Adult. 2018;26(4):383–391.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stigen L, Bjørk E, Lund A. The conflicted practice: Municipal occupational therapists’ experiences with assessment of clients with cognitive impairments. Scand J Occup Ther. 2018;26(4):261–272.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giles GM. A neurofunctional approach to rehabilitation after brain injury. In: Katz N, editor. Cognition, occupation and participantion across the life span neuroscience, neurorehabilitation and models of intervention in occupational therapy. 3rd ed. Bethesda (MD): AOTA Press; 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Bottari C, Dutil É, Dassa C, et al. Choosing the most appropriate environment to evaluate independence in everyday activities: home or clinic? Aust Occ Ther J. 2006;53(2):98–106.
   Google Scholar
• Gramstad A, Nilsen R. Vi blir ikke brukt godt nok" Kommuneergoterapeuters erfaringer med utfordringer i arbeid med brukere og andre faggrupper ["We are not used well enough" Municipal occupational therapists experiences with challenges in their work with clients and other professionals]. Ergoterapeuten. 2016;59(4):30–39. Norwegian.
   Google Scholar
• Tuntland H. Ergoterapeuters yrkesutøvelse og rolleutvidelse i kommunehelsetjenesten [Occupational therapists professional practice and role expansion in municipal health services] [Master thesis]. Oslo: Universitetet i Oslo; 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Hammel KRW. Client-centred occupational therapy: the importance of critical perspectives. Scand J Occup Ther. 2015;22(4):237–243.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corcoran M. Using qalitative measurement methods to understand occupational performance. In: Law M, Baum C, Dunn W, editors. Measuring occupational performance Supporting best practice in occupational therapy. Thorofare (NJ): SLACK Incorporated; 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Edwards MM. The Betty Project: jump-starting clinical observation skills in an OTA curriculum. Occup Ther Health Care. 2002;15(1–2):99–104.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Clark FA. Power and confidence in professions: lessons for occupational therapy. Can J Occup Ther. 2010;77(5):264–269.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carroll P. Win forever: Live, work, and play like a champion. New York (NY): Portfolio; 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Aldhous P. Humans prefer cockiness to expertise. New Scientist. 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Braveman B. Power to the practitioner. Occupational therapy and the concept of personal power. OT Practice. 2013;18(7):11–15.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor G. Empowerment, identity and participatory research: Using social action research to challenge isolation for deaf and hard of hearing people from minority ethnic communities. Disability & Society. 1999;14(3):369–384.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor RR, Suarez-Balcazar Y, Forsyth K, et al. Participatory research in occupational therapy. In: Kielhofner G, editor. Research in occupational therapy methods of inquiry for enhancing practice. Philadelphia (PA): F. A. Davis Company; 2006.
   Google Scholar