The effectiveness of weighted blankets on sleep and everyday activities – A retrospective follow-up study of children and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and/or autism spectrum disorder

References

• Antshel KM, Zhang-James Y, Faraone SV. The comorbidity of ADHD and autism spectrum disorder. Expert Rev Neurother. 2013;13:1117–1128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulligan A, Anney RJL, O’Regan M, et al. Autism symptoms in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a familial trait which correlates with conduct, oppositional defiant, language and motor disorders. J Autism Dev Disord. 2009;39:197–209.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rommelse NNJ, Geurts HM, Franke B, et al. A review on cognitive and brain endophenotypes that may be common in autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and facilitate the search for pleiotropic genes. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2011;35:1363–1396.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van der Meer MJ, Oerlemans AM, van Steijn DJ, et al. Are autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder different manifestations of one overarching disorder? Cognitive and symptom evidence from a clinical and population-based sample. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2012;51:1160–1172.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lunsford-Avery JR, Krystal AD, Kollins SH. Sleep disturbances in adolescents with ADHD: a systematic review and framework for future research. Clin Psychol Rev. 2016; 23:159–174.
   Google Scholar
• Wynchank D, Have M, Bijlenga D, et al. The association between insomnia and sleep duration in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: results from a general population study. J Clin Sleep Med. 2018;14:349–357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Souders MC, Zavodny S, Eriksen W, et al. Sleep in children with autism spectrum disorder. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2017;19:34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herrmann S. Counting sheep: sleep disorders in children with autism spectrum disorders. J Pediatr Health Care. 2016;30:143–154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Arlington (VA): American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013.
   Google Scholar
• American Academy of Sleep Medicine. International classification of sleep disorders. 3rd ed. Darien (IL): American Academy of Sleep Medicine; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Singh K, Zimmerman AW. Sleep in autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2015;22:113–125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gregory AM, Agnew-Blais JC, Matthews T, et al. ADHD and sleep quality: longitudinal analyses from childhood to early adulthood in a Twin cohort. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2017;46:284–294.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Díaz-Román A, Mitchell R, Cortese S. Sleep in adults with ADHD: systematic review and meta-analysis of subjective and objective studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2018;89:61–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjorvatn B, Brevik EJ, Lundervold AJ, et al. Adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder report high symptom levels of troubled sleep, restless legs, and cataplexy. Front Psychol. 2017;8:1621.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoon SY, Jain U, Shapiro C. Sleep in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adults: past, present, and future. Sleep Med Rev. 2012;16:371–388.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss MD, Salpekar J. Sleep problems in the child with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: defining aetiology and appropriate treatments. CNS Drugs. 2010;24:811–828.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bioulac S, Micoulaud-Franchi JA, Philip P. Excessive daytime sleepiness in patients with ADHD-diagnostic and management strategies. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2015;17:608.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hvolby A. Associations of sleep disturbance with ADHD: implications for treatment. Atten Defic Hyperact Disord. 2015;7:1–18.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Astill RG, Van der Heijden KB, Van IJzendoorn MH, et al. Sleep, cognition, and behavioral problems in school-age children: a century of research meta-analyzed. Psychol Bull. 2012;138:1109–1138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knight FLC, Dimitriou D. Poor sleep has negative implications for children with and without ADHD, but in different ways. Behav Sleep Med. 2017;26:1–14.
   Google Scholar
• Davidson F, Rusak B, Chambers C, et al. The impact of sleep restriction on daytime functioning in school-age children with and without ADHD: a narrative review of the literature. Can J Sch Psychol. 2019;34:188–214.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneider HE, Lam JC, Mahone EM. Sleep disturbance and neuropsychological function in young children with ADHD. Child Neuropsychology. 2016;22:493–506.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucas I, Mulraney M, Sciberras E. Sleep problems and daytime sleepiness in children with ADHD: associations with social, emotional, and behavioral functioning at school, a cross-sectional study. Behav Sleep Med. 2019;17:411–422.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazurek MO, Sohl K. Sleep and behavioral problems in children with autism spectrum disorder. J Autism Dev Disord. 2016;46:1906–1915.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Heijden KB, Stoffelsen RJ, Popma A, et al. Sleep, chronotype, and sleep hygiene in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and controls. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2018;27:99–111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waxmonsky JG, Mayes SD, Calhoun SL, et al. The association between disruptive mood dysregulation disorder symptoms and sleep problems in children with and without ADHD. Sleep Med. 2017;37:180–186.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulraney M, Giallo R, Lycett K, et al. The bidirectional relationship between sleep problems and internalizing and externalizing problems in children with ADHD: a prospective cohort study. Sleep Med. 2016;17:45–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craig SG, Weiss MD, Hudec KL, et al. The functional impact of sleep disorders in children with ADHD. J Atten Disord. 2020;24:499–508.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delahaye J, Kovacs E, Sikora D, et al. The relationship between health-related quality of life and sleep problems in children with autism spectrum disorders. Res Autism Spectr Disord. 2014;8:292–303.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yürümez E, Kılıç BG. Relationship between sleep problems and quality of life in children with ADHD. J Atten Disord. 2016;20:34–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker SP. ADHD and sleep: recent advances and future directions. Curr Opin Psychol. 2020;34:50–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langberg JM, Dvorsky MR, Marshall S, et al. Clinical implications of daytime sleepiness for the academic performance of middle school-aged adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Sleep Res. 2013;22:542–548.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynolds KC, Patriquin M, Alfano CA, et al. Parent-reported problematic sleep behaviors in children with comorbid autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Res Autism Spectr Disord. 2017;39:20–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker SP, Luebbe AM, Langberg JM. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder dimensions and sluggish cognitive tempo symptoms in relation to college students’ sleep functioning. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2014;45:675–685.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langberg JM, Dvorsky MR, Becker SP, et al. The impact of daytime sleepiness on the school performance of college students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD]: a prospective longitudinal study. J Sleep Res. 2014;23:318–325.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen S, Fulcher BD, Rajaratnam SMW, et al. Sleep patterns predictive of daytime challenging behavior in individuals with low-functioning autism. Autism Res. 2018;11:391–403.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Limoges É, Bolduc C, Berthiaume C, et al. Relationship between poor sleep and daytime cognitive performance in young adults with autism. Res Dev Disabil. 2013;34:1322–1335.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richdale AL, Baker E, Short M, et al. The role of insomnia, pre-sleep arousal and psychopathology symptoms in daytime impairment in adolescents with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder. Sleep Med. 2014;15:1082–1088.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foitzik K, Brown T. Relationship between sensory processing and sleep in typically developing children. Am J Occup Ther. 2018;72:7201195040p1–7201195040p9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vasak M, Williamson J, Garden J, Zwicker JG. Sensory processing and sleep in typically developing infants and toddlers. Am J Occup Ther. 2015;69:6904220040p1.
   Google Scholar
• McLaughlin K, Hamilton AL. Exploring the influence of service dogs on participation in daily occupations by veterans with PTSD: a pilot study. Aust Occup Ther J. 2019;66:648–655.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cogan AM, Haines CE, Devore MD, et al. Occupational challenges in military service members with chronic mild traumatic brain injury. Am J Occup Ther. 2019;73:7303205040p1–7303205040p9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biajar A, Mollayeva T, Sokoloff s, et al. Assistive technology to enable sleep function in patients with acquired brain injury: issues and opportunities. Br J Occup Ther. 2017;80:225–249.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smallfield S, Heckenlaible C. Effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions to enhance occupational performance for adults with Alzheimer’s disease and related major neurocognitive disorders: a systematic review. Am J Occup Ther. 2017;71:1–79.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smallfield S, Molitor WL. Occupational therapy interventions supporting social participation and leisure engagement for community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review. Am J Occup Ther. 2018;72:7204190020p1–7204190020p8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leland NE, Marcione N, Schepens Niemiec SL, et al. What is occupational therapy’s role in addressing sleep problems among older adults? OTJR. 2014;34:141–149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leland NE, Fogelberg D, Sleight A, et al. Napping and nighttime sleep: findings from an occupation-based intervention. Am J Occup Ther. 2016;70:7004270010p1–7004270010p7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green A. Sleep, occupation and the passage of time. Br J Occup Ther. 2008;71:339–347.
   Google Scholar
• Tester NJ, Foss JJ. The issue is – sleep as an occupational need. Am J Occup Ther. 2017;72:7201347010p1–7201347010p4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernhofer EI. Investigating the concept of rest for research and practice. J Adv Nurs. 2016;72:1012–1022.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weitlauf AS, Sathe NA, McPheeters ML, et al. Interventions targeting sensory challenges in children with autism spectrum disorder – an update. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2017. May. (Comparative Effectiveness Reviews, No. 186.)
   Google Scholar
• France KG, McLay LK, Hunter JE, et al. Empirical research evaluating the effects of non-traditional approaches to enhancing sleep in typical and clinical children and young people. Sleep Med Rev. 2018;39:69–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gutman SA, Gregory KA, Sadlier-Brown MM, et al. Comparative effectiveness of three occupational therapy sleep interventions: a randomized controlled study. OTJR. 2017;37:5–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Persch AC, Lamb AJ, Metzler CA, et al. Healthy habits for children: leveraging existing evidence to demonstrate value. Am J Occup Ther. 2015;69:6904090010p1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marquenie K, Rodger S, Mangohig K, et al. Dinnertime and bedtime routines and rituals in families with a young child with an autism spectrum disorder. Aust Occup Ther J. 2011;58:145–154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mullen B, Champagne T, Krishnamurty S, et al. Exploring the safety and therapeutic effects of deep pressure stimulation using a weighted blanket. Occup Ther Ment Health. 2008;24:65–89.
   Google Scholar
• Eron K, Kohnert L, Watters A, et al. Weighted blanket use: a systematic review. Am J Occup Ther. 2020;74:7402205010p1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stephenson J, Carter M. The use of weighted vests with children with autism spectrum disorders and other disabilities. J Autism Dev Disord. 2009;39:105–114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoen SA, Lane SJ, Mailloux Z, et al. A systematic review of ayres sensory integration intervention for children with autism. Autism Res. 2019;12:6–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin HY, Lee P, Chang WD, et al. Effects of weighted vests on attention, impulse control, and on-task behavior in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Occup Ther. 2014;68:149–158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox AL, Gast DL, Luscre D, et al. The effects of weighted vests on appropriate in-seat behaviors of elementary-age students with autism and severe to profound intellectual disabilities. Focus Autism Other Dev Disabl. 2009;24:17–26.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ouellet B, Carreau E, Dion V, et al. Efficacy of sensory interventions on school participation of children with sensory disorders: a systematic review. Am J Lifestyle Med. 2018;15:4.
   Google Scholar
• Davis TN, Dacus S, Strickland E, et al. The effects of a weighted vest on aggressive and self-injurious behavior in a child with autism. Dev Neurorehabil. 2013;16:210–215.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Creasey N, Finlay F. Question 2: do weighted blankets improve sleep in children with an autistic spectrum disorder? Arch Dis Child. 2013;98:919–920.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Champagne T, Mullen B, Dickson D, et al. Evaluating the safety and effectiveness of the weighted blanket with adults during an inpatient mental health hospitalization. Occup Ther Ment Health. 2015;31:211–233.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gee BM, Peterson TG, Buck A, et al. Improving sleep quality using weighted blankets among young children with an autism spectrum disorder. Int J Rehabil Res. 2016;23:173–181.
   Google Scholar
• Gringras P, Green D, Wright B, et al. Weighted blankets and sleep in autistic children-a randomized controlled trial. Pediatrics. 2014;134:298–306.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindstedt H, Umb-Carlsson Õ. Cognitive assistive technology and professional support in everyday life for adults with ADHD. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol. 2013;8:402–408.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ackerley R, Badre G, Olausson H. Positive effects of a weighted blanket in insomnia. J Sleep Med Disord. 2015;2:1022.
   Google Scholar
• Hvolby A, Bilenberg N. Use of Ball Blanket in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder sleeping problems. Nord J Psychiatry. 2011;65:89–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ICD-10 : international statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, 10th revision. 2nd ed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Zetterlund B, Odéus E. Uppföljning av barn och ungdomar 0–18 år i Västra Götaland som har behandling med tyngdtäcke. (Follow-up of children and adolescents 0–18 years in Västra Götaland prescribed with a weighted blanket). Västra götalandsregionen: Habilitation and Health. (Swedish); 2019.
   Google Scholar
• International Classification of Functioning. Disability, and Health: ICF. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Polit DF, Beck CT. Nursing research. Generating and assessing evidence for nursing research (8th ed.). Baltimore (MD): Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Nikles J, Mitchell GK, Araújo RM, et al. A systematic review of the effectiveness of sleep hygiene in children with ADHD. Psychol Health Med. 2020;25:497–518.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams Buckley A, Hirtz D, Oskoui M, et al. Practice guideline: treatment for insomnia and disrupted sleep behavior in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: report of the guideline development, dissemination, and implementation subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2020;94:392–404.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor CJ, Spriggs AD, Ault MJ, et al. systematic review of weighted vests with individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Res Autism Spectr Disord. 2017;37:49–60.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boonstra A, Kooij J, Oosterlaan J, et al. Hyperactive night and day? Actigraphy studies in adult ADHD: a baseline comparison and the effect of methylphenidate. Sleep. 2007;30:433–442.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wennberg B, Janeslätt G, Gustafsson PA, et al. Occupational performance goals and outcomes of time-related interventions for children with ADHD. Scand J Occup Ther. 2021;28:158–170.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schreck KA, Richdale AL. Sleep problems, behavior, and psychopathology in autism: inter-relationships across the lifespan. Curr Opin Psychol. 2020;34:105–111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McConachie H, Livingstone N, Morris C, et al. Parents suggest which indicators of progress and outcomes should be measured in young children with autism spectrum disorder. J Autism Dev Disord. 2018;48:1041–1051.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haugan AJ, Sund AM, Thomsen PH, et al. Psychometric properties of the Weiss functional impairment rating scale parent and self-reports in a Norwegian clinical sample of adolescents treated for ADHD. Nord J Psychiatry. 2021;75:63–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar