Evaluation of two different fluids regimens on central venous-to-arterial Carbon Dioxide difference (pCO₂ gap) - a randomized controlled trial

References

• Bland RD, Shoemaker WC, Abraham E, et al. Hemodynamic and oxygen transport patterns in surviving and non-surviving postoperative patients. Crit Care Med. 1985;13(2):85–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gurgel ST, Do Nascimento P Jr. Maintaining tissue perfusion in high-risk surgical patients: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Anesth Analg. 2011;112(6):1384–1391.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vallet B, Futier E. Perioperative oxygen therapy and oxygen utilization. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2010;16(4):359–364.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearse R, Dawson D, Fawcett J, et al. Changes in central venous saturation after major surgery, and association with outcome. Crit Care. 2005;9(6):R694–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donati A, Loggi S, Preiser JC, et al. Goal-directed intraoperative therapy reduces morbidity and length of hospital stay in high-risk surgical patients. Chest. 2007;132(6):1817–18246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litton E, Silbert BI, Ho KM, et al. Clinical predictors of a low central venous oxygen saturation after major surgery: a prospective prevalence study. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2015;43(1):59–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munoz-Price LS, Sands L, Lubarsky DA, et al. Effect of high perioperative oxygen supplementation on surgical site infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;57(10):1465–1472.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jansen TC, Van Bommel J, Schoonderbeek FJ, et al. Early lactate-guided therapy in intensive care unit patients: a multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010;182(6):752–761.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vallee F, Vallet B, Mathe O, et al. Central venous-to-arterial carbon dioxide difference: an additional target for goal-directed therapy in septic shock?. Intensive Care Med. 2008;34(12):2218–2225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teboul JL, Mercat A, Lenique F, et al. Value of the venous-arterial PCO2 gradient to reflect the oxygen supply to demand in humans: effects of dobutamine. Crit Care Med. 1998;26(6):1007–1010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vallet B, Teboul JL, Cain S, et al. Venoarterial CO2 difference during regional ischemic or hypoxic hypoxia. J Appl Physiol. 2000;89(4):1317–1321.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopes MR, Oliveira MA, Pereira VO, et al. Goal-directed fluid management based on pulse pressure variation monitoring during high-risk surgery: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Crit Care. 2007;11(5):R100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffmann JN, Vollmar B, Laschke MW, et al. Hydroxyethyl starch (130 kD), but not crystalloid volume support, improves microcirculation during normotensive endotoxemia. Anesthesiology. 2002;97(2):460–470.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mythen MG, Webb AR. Intra-operative gut mucosal hypoperfusion is associated with increased post-operative complications and cost. Intensive Care Med. 1994;20(2):99–104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grocott MP, Mythen MG, Gan TJ, et al. Perioperative fluid management and clinical outcomes in adults. Anesth Analg. 2005;100(4):1093–1106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• László I, Á J, Lovas A, et al. Effects of goal-directed crystalloid vs. colloid fluid therapy on microcirculation during free flap surgery: a randomised clinical trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2019;36(8):592–604.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spss I. IBM SPSS statistics version 21. Boston, Mass: International Business Machines Corp; 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Field A. P. Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications; 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Hahn RG, Drobin D, Sta° Hle L, et al. Volume kinetics of ringer’s solution in female volunteers. Br J Anaesth. 1997;78(2):144–148.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neff TA, Fischler L, Mark M, et al. The influence of two different hydroxyethyl starch solutions (6% HES 130/0.4 and 200/0.5) on blood viscosity. Anesth Analg. 2005;100(6):1773–1780.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gandhi S, Warltier D, Weiskopf R, et al. Volume substitution therapy with HES 130/0.4 (Voluven) versus HES 450/0.7 (hetastarch) during major orthopedic surgery. Crit Care. 2005;9(Suppl. 1):206.
   Google Scholar
• Perner A, Haase N, Guttormsen AB, et al. Hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.42 versus ringer’s acetate in severe sepsis. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(2):124–134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steppan J, Hofer S, Funke B, et al. Sepsis and major abdominal surgery lead to flaking of the endothelial glycocalyx. J Surg Res. 2011;165(1):136–141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacob M, Bruegger D, Rehm M, et al. The endothelial glycocalyx affords compatibility of starling’s principle and high cardiac interstitial albumin levels. Cardiovasc Res. 2007;73(3):575–586.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shoemaker WC, Appel PL, Kram HB, et al. Role of oxygen debt in the development of organ failure sepsis, and death in high-risk surgical patients. Chest. 1992;102(1):208–215.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pope JV, Jones AE, Gaieski DF, et al. Multicenter study of central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO(2)) as a predictor of mortality in patients with sepsis. Ann Emerg Med. 2010;55(1):40–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Futier E, Robin E, Jabaudon M, et al. Central venous O (2) saturation and venous-to-arterial CO (2) difference as complementary tools for goal-directed therapy during high-risk surgery. Crit Care. 2010;14(5):R193.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakker J, Vincent JL, Gris P, et al. Veno-arterial carbon dioxide gradient in human septic shock. Chest. 1992;101(2):509–515.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Futier E, Teboul JL, Vallet B, et al. Tissue carbon dioxide measurement as an index of perfusion: what have we missed?. TACC. 2011;1(1):95–99.
   Google Scholar
• Silbert BI, Litton E, Ho KM, et al. Central venous-to-arterial carbon dioxide gradient as a marker of occult tissue hypoperfusion after major surgery. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2015;43(5):628–634.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuschieri J, Rivers EP, Donnino MW, et al. Central venous-arterial carbon dioxide difference as an indicator of cardiac index. Intensive Care Med. 2005;31(6):818–822.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vallet B, Pinsky MR, Cecconi M, et al. Resuscitation of patients with septic shock: please ‘mind the gap’!. Intensive Care Med. 2013;39(9):1653–1655.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lobo DN, Stanga Z, Aloysius MM, et al. Effect of volume loading with 1 liter intravenous infusions of 0.9% saline, 4% succinylated gelatine (Gelofusine) and 6% hydroxyethyl starch(Voluven) on blood volume and endocrine responses: a randomized, three-way crossover study in healthy volunteers. Crit Care Med. 2010;38(2):464–470.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He H, Liu D, Ince C, et al. Colloids and the microcirculation. Anesthesia Analg. 2018;126(5):1747–1754. 1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimberger O, Arnberger M, Brandt S, et al. Goal-directed colloid administration improves the microcirculation of healthy and perianastomotic colon. Anesthesiology. 2009;110(3):496–504.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konrad FM, Mik EG, Bodmer SI, et al. Acute normovolemic hemodilution in the pig is associated with renal tissue edema, impaired renal microvascular oxygenation, and functional loss. Anesthesiology. 2013;119(2):256–269.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chappell D, Jacob M, Hofmann-Kiefer K, et al. A rational approach to perioperative fluid management. Anesthesiology. 2008;109(4):723–740.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu CY, Chan KC, Cheng YJ, et al. NTUH center of microcirculation medical research. effects of different types of fluid resuscitation for hemorrhagic shock on splanchnic organ microcirculation and renal reactive oxygen species formation. Crit Care. 2015;19(1):434.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hiltebrand LB, Kimberger O, Arnberger M, et al. Crystalloids versus colloids for goal-directed fluid therapy in major surgery. Crit Care. 2009;13(2):R40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubin A, Pozo MO, Casabella CA, et al. Comparison of 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 and saline solution for resuscitation of the microcirculation during the early goal-directed therapy of septic patients. J Crit Care. 2010;25(4):659.e1–659.e8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wafa K, Herrmann A, Kuhnert T, et al. Short time impact of different hydroxyethyl starch solutions on the mesenteric microcirculation in experimental sepsis in rats. Microvasc Res. 2014;95:88–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar