Ultrasound-guided suprazygomatic maxillary nerve block in cleft palate surgery: The efficacy of adding dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine

References

• Takemura H, Yasumoto K, Toi T, et al. Correlation of cleft type with incidence of perioperative respiratory complications in infants with cleft lip and palate. Paediatr Anaesth. 2002;12(7):585–588.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prigge L, van Schoor AN, Bosman MC, et al. Clinical anatomy of the maxillary nerve block in pediatric patients. Paediatr Anaesth. 2014;24(11):1120–1126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Echaniz G, De Miguel M, Merritt G. et al. Bilateral suprazygomatic maxillary nerve blocks vs infraorbital and palatine nerve blocks in cleft lip and palate repair: a double-blind, randomized study. Eur J Anaesthiol. 2019;36(1):40–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abu Elyazed MM, Mostafa SF. Bilateral suprazygomatic maxillary nerve block versus palatal block for cleft palate repair in children: a randomized controlled trial. Egypt J Anaesth. 2018;34(3):83–88.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mostafa MF, Herdan R, Elshazly M. Comparative study of levobupivacaine and bupivacaine for bilateral maxillary nerve block during pediatric primary cleft palate surgery: a randomized double-blind controlled study. Korean Journal of Anesthesiology. 2018;71(2):135–140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh B. Anatomic considerations in relation to the maxillary nerve block. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2001;26(6):507–511.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sola C, Raux O, Savath L, et al. Ultrasound guidance characteristics and efficiency of suprazygomatic maxillary nerve blocks in infants: a descriptive prospective study. Paediatr Anaesth. 2012;22(9):841–846.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Captier G, Dadure C, Leboucq N, et al. Anatomic study using three-dimensional computed tomographic scan measurement for truncal maxillary nerve blocks via the suprazygomatic route in infants. J Craniofac Surg. 2009;20(1):224–228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahmoud M, Mason KP. Dexmedetomidine: review, update, and future considerations of paediatric perioperative and periprocedural applications and limitations. Br J Anaesth. 2015;115(2):171–182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hussain N, Grzywacz VP, Ferreri CA, et al. Investigating the efficacy of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to local anesthesia in brachial plexus block: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 18 randomized controlled trials. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2017;42(2):184–196.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bütter W, Finke W. Analysis of behavioural and physiological parameters for the assessment of postoperative analgesic demand in newborns, infants and young children: a comprehensive report on seven consecutive studies. Paediatr Anaesth. 2000;10(3):303–318.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Culebras X, Van Gessel E, Hoffmeyer P, et al. Clonidine combined with a long acting local anesthetic does not prolong postoperative analgesia after brachial plexus block but does induce hemodynamic changes. Anesth Analg. 2001;92(1):199–204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi SH, Lee WK, Lee SJ, et al. Parent-controlled analgesia in children undergoing cleft palate repair. J Korean Med Sci. 2008;23(1):122–125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michael B, Azza E, Karim G, et al. Comparative Study of Bilateral Greater Palatine Nerve Block and Bilateral Suprazygomatic Maxillary Nerve Block for Intraoperative Analgesia in Children Undergoing Palatoplasty. Med J Cairo Univ 2016;84:257–261.
   Google Scholar
• Kulkarni KR, Patil MR, Shirke AM, et al. Perioperative respiratory complications in cleft lip and palate repairs: an audit of 1000 cases under ′Smile Train Project′. Indian Journal of Anaesthesia. 2013;57(6):562–568.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Prado PC. de Bragança Lopes Fernandes M, dos Santos Trettene A, Graziela Noronha Silva Salgueiro A, Kiemle Trindade-Suedam I, Trindade IE . Surgical closure of the cleft palate has a transient obstructive effect on the upper airway in children. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2018;55(1):112–118.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kendall MC, Alves LJC, Suh EI, et al. Regional anesthesia to ameliorate postoperative analgesia outcomes in pediatric surgical patients: an updated systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Local Reg Anesth. 2018;11:91–109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marhofer D, Kettner SC, Marhofer P, et al. Dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to ropivacaine prolongs peripheral nerve block: a volunteer study. Br J Anaesth. 2013;110(3):438–442.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brummett CM, Hong EK, Janda AM, et al. Perineural dexmedetomidine added to ropivacaine for sciatic nerve block in rats prolongs the duration of analgesia by blocking the hyperpolarization-activated cation current. Anesthesiology. 2011;115(4):836–843.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kosugi T, Mizuta K, Fujita T, et al. High concentrations of dexmedetomidine inhibit compound action potentials in frog sciatic nerves without α2 adrenoceptor activation. Br J Pharmacol. 2010;160(7):1662–1676.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mesnil M, Dadure C, Captier G, et al. A new approach for peri‐operative analgesia of cleft palate repair in infants: the bilateral suprazygomatic maxillary nerve block. Paediatr Anaesth. 2010;20(4):343–349.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiono J, Raux O, Bringuier S, et al. Bilateral suprazygomatic maxillary nerve block for cleft palate repair in children: a prospective, randomized, double-blind study versus placebo. Anesthesiology. 2014;120(6):1362–1369.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mostafa MF, Aal FAA, Ali IH, et al. Dexmedetomidine during suprazygomatic maxillary nerve block for pediatric cleft palate repair, randomized double-blind controlled study. The Korean Journal of Pain. 2020;33(1):81–89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obayah GM, Refaie A, Aboushanab O, et al. Addition of dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine for greater palatine nerve block prolongs postoperative analgesia after cleft palate repair. Eur J Anaesth. 2010;27(3):280–284.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vorobeichik L, Brull R, Abdallah FW. Evidence basis for using perineural dexmedetomidine to enhance the quality of brachial plexus nerve blocks: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Br J Anaesth. 2017;118(2):167–181.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee MJ, Koo DJ, Choi YS, et al. Dexamethasone or dexmedetomidine as local anesthetic adjuvants for ultrasound-guided axillary brachial plexus blocks with nerve stimulation. The Korean Journal of Pain. 2016;29(1):29–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdallah FW, Dwyer T, Chan VWS, et al. IV and perineural dexmedetomidine similarly prolong the duration of analgesia after interscalene brachial plexus block: a randomized, three-arm, triple-masked, placebo-controlled trial. Anesthesiology. 2016;124(3):683–695.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rashmi HD, Komala HK. Effect of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to 0.75% ropivacaine in interscalene brachial plexus block using nerve stimulator: a prospective, Randomized Double-blind study. Anesthesia: Essays and Researches. 2017;11(1):134–139.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Packiasabapathy SK, Kashyap L, Arora MK, et al. Effect of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in femoral nerve block for perioperative analgesia in patients undergoing total knee replacement arthroplasty: a dose–response study. Saudi J Anaesth. 2017;11(3):293–298.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdallah FW, Brull R. Facilitatory effects of perineural dexmedetomidine on neuraxial and peripheral nerve block: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Anaesth. 2013;110(6):915–925.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaki WA, Almarakbi W. Addition of dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine in transversus abdominis plane block potentiates post-operative pain relief among abdominal hysterectomy patients: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Saudi J Anaesth. 2014;8(2):161–166.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Karan D, Swaro S, Mahapatra PR, et al. Effect of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to ropivacaine in ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric nerve blocks for inguinal hernia repair in pediatric patients: a randomized, double-blind, control trial. Anesth Essays Res. 2018;12(4):924–927.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Abdulatif M, Fawzy M, Nassar H, et al. The effects of perineural dexmedetomidine on the pharmacodynamic profile of femoral nerve block: a dose-finding randomised, controlled, double-blind study. Anaesthesia. 2016;71(10):1177–1185.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunawardana RH, Ratnayaka JI. Postoperative crying in infants. Anaesthesia. 2000;55(2):197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar