624
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Neurosecretion and the parvicellular hypothalamic system

&
Pages 373-387 | Published online: 14 Sep 2009

References

  • Ahrén , R. , Fuxe , K. , Hamberger , L. and Hökfelt , T. 1971 . Turnover changes in the tuberoinfundibular dopamine neurons during the ovarian cycle of the rat . Endocrinology , 88 : 1415 – 1424 .
  • Annunziato , L. , Leblanc , P. , Kordon , C. and Weiner , R. I. 1980 . Differences in the kinetics of dopamine uptake in synaptosome preparations of the median eminence relative to other dopaminergically innervated brain regions . Neuroendocrinology , 31 : 316 – 320 .
  • Bauer , K. K. , Gräf , K. J. , Faivre-Bauman , A. , Beier , S. , Tixier-Vidal , A. and Kleinhauf , F. 1978 . Inhibition of prolactin secretion by histidyl-proline diketopiperazine . Nature , 274 : 174 – 178 .
  • Ben-Jonathan , N. , Neill , M. A. , Abrogast , L. A. , Peters , L. L. and Hoefer , M. 1980 . Dopamine in hypophysial portal blood: Relationship to circulating prolactin in lactating rats . Endocrinology , 106 : 690 – 696 .
  • Ben-Jonathan , N. , Oliver , C. , Weiner , H. J. , Mical , R. S. and Porter , J. C. 1977 . Dopamine in hypophysial portal plasma of the rat during estrus cycle and throughout pregnancy . Endocrinology , 100 : 452 – 458 .
  • Bern , H. A. and Knowles , F. 1966 . “ Neurosecretion ” . In “Neuroendocrinology” , Edited by: Martini , L. and Ganong , W. F. vol. I , 139 – 186 . New York and London : Academic Press .
  • Black , D. E. and Nedelman , J. L. 1979 . Antigonadotropic and prolactin-inhibitory effects of melatonin in anosmic rats . Neuroendocrinology , 29 : 406 – 412 .
  • Boyd , A. E. , Spencer , E. , Jackson , I. M. D. and Reichlin , S. 1976 . Prolactin-releasing factor (PRF) in hypothalamic extract distinct from TRH . Endocrinology , 99 : 861 – 871 .
  • Boyne , A. F. 1978 . Neurosecretion: integration of recent findings into the vesicle hypothesis . Life Sci. , 22 : 2057 – 2066 .
  • Burt , D. R. and Taylor , R. L. 1980 . Muscarinic receptors binding in sheep anterior pituitary . Neuroendocrinology , 30 : 344 – 349 .
  • Calabro , M. A. and MacLeod , R. M. 1978 . Binding of dopamine to bovine anterior pituitary gland membranes . Neuroendocrinology , 25 : 32 – 46 .
  • Caldara , R. , Bierti , L. , Barbieri , C. , Cambielli , M. , Romussi , M. and Ferrari , C. 1979 . Stimulation of prolactin release by intravenous cimetidine: dose-response study . J. Endocrinol. Invest. , 2 : 79 – 81 .
  • Caron , M. G. , Beaulieu , M. , Raymond , V. , Gagné , B. , Drouin , J. , Lefkowitz , J. and Labrie , F. 1978 . Dopaminergic receptors in the anterior pituitary gland . J. Biol. Chem. , 253 : 2244 – 2253 .
  • Catt , K. J. , Baukal , A. J. , Davies , T. F. and Dufau , M. L. 1979 . Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone induced regulation of gonadotropin and prolactin receptors in the rat testis . Endocrinology , 104 : 17 – 25 .
  • Chiocchio , S. R. , Cannata , M. A. , Cordero-Funes , J. R. and Tramezzani , J. H. 1979 . Involvement of adenohypophysial dopamine in the regulation of prolactin release during suckling . Endocrinology , 105 : 544 – 547 .
  • Chiocchio , S. R. , Chaufen , S. and Tramezzani , J. H. 1980 . Changes in adenohypophysial dopamine related to prolactin release . Endocrinology , 106 : 1682 – 1685 .
  • Collu , R. 1977 . “ Role of central cholinergic and aminergic neurotransmitters in the control of anterior pituitary hormone secretion ” . In “Clinical Endocrinology” , Edited by: Martini , L. and Besser , G. M. 43 – 65 . New York-San Francisco-London : Academic Press .
  • Creese , I. , Schneider , R. and Snyder , S. H. 1977 . 3H-Spiroperidol labels dopamine receptors in pituitary and brain . Eur. J. Pharmacol. , 46 : 377
  • Cronin , M. J. , Fauer , N. , Martial , J. A. and Weiner , R. I. 1980 . Absence of high affinity dopamine receptors in GH3 cells: a prolactin secreting clone resistant to inhibitory action of prolactin . Endocrinology , 106 : 718 – 723 .
  • Cronin , M. J. and Weiner , R. I. 1979 . [3H] Spiroperidol (Spiperone) binding to a putative dopamine receptor in sheep and steer pituitary and stalk median eminence . Endocrinology , 104 : 307 – 312 .
  • Cronin , M. J. , Roberts , J. M. and Weiner , R. 1978 . Dopamine and dihydrqergocryptine binding to the anterior pituitary and other brain areas of the rat and sheep . Endocrinology , 103 : 302 – 309 .
  • Dannies , P. S. , Gautvik , K. M. and Tashjian , A. H. Jr . 1976 . A possible role of cyclic AMP in mediating the effects of thyrotropin releasing hormone on prolactin release and on prolactin and growth hormone synthesis in pituitary cells in cultures . Endocrinology , 98 : 1147 – 1159 .
  • Dannies , P. S. and Markell , M. S. 1980 . Differential ability of thyrotrbpin-releasing hormone and N3im-metil-thyrotropin-releasing hormone to affect prolactin and thyrotropin production in primary rat pituitary cell cultures . Endocrinology , 106 : 107 – 112 .
  • De Greef , W. J. and Neill , J. D. 1979 . Dopamine levels in hypophysial stalk plasma of the rat during surges of prolactin secretion induced by cervical stimulation . Endocrinology , 105 : 1093 – 1099 .
  • De Quijada , M. , Timmermans , H. A. T. , Lamberts , S. W. J. and McLeod , R. M. 1980a . Tamoxifen enhances the sensitivity of dispersed prolactinsecreting pituitary tumor cells to dopamine and bromocriptine . Endocrinology , 106 : 702 – 706 .
  • De Quijada , M. , Timmermans , H. A. T. and Lamberts , S. W. J. 1980b . Tamoxifen suppresses both the growth of prolactin secreting pituitary tumours and normal prolactin synthesis in the rat . J. Endocr. , 86 : 109 – 116 .
  • De Wied , D. and Gispen , W. H. 1977 . “ Behavioral effects of peptides ” . In “Peptides in Neurobiology” , Edited by: Gainer , H. 397 – 448 . New York : Plenum Press .
  • Del Pozo , E. and Brownell , J. 1979 . Prolactin. I. Mechanisms of control, peripheral actions and modification by drugs . Hormone Res. , 10 : 143 – 172 .
  • Del Pozo , E. and Lancranjan , I. 1978 . “ Clinical use of drugs modifying the release of anterior pituitary hormones ” . In “Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology” , Edited by: Ganong , W. F. and Martini , L. vol. 5 , 207 – 247 . New York : Raven Press .
  • Di Carlo , R. and Muccioli , G. 1980 . “ Specific prolactin binding to rabbit brain membranes ” . In “Progress in Psychoendocrinology” , Edited by: Brambilla , F. , Racagni , G. and De Wied , D. 377 – 380 . Amsterdam : Elsevier .
  • Donoso , A. O. and Banzan , A. N. 1980 . H1- and H2 Histamine receptor antagonists and induced release of prolactin in male rats . Neuroendocrinology , 30 : 11 – 14 .
  • Ekstein , N. , Wehrenberg , W. B. , Louis , K. , Carmel , P. W. , Zimmermann , E. A. , Frantz , A. G. and Ferin , M. 1980 . Effects of substance P on anterior pituitary secretion in the female rhesus monkey . Neuroendocrinology , 31 : 338 – 342 .
  • Enjalbert , A. , Ruberg , M. , Arancibia , S. , Priam , M. and Kordon , C. 1979a . Endogenous opiates block dopamine inhibition of prolactin secretion in vivo . Nature , 280 : 595 – 601 .
  • Enjalbert , A. M. , Ruberg , M. , Arancibia , S. , Fiore , L. , Priam , M. and Kordon , C. 1979b . Independent inhibition of prolactin secretion by dopamine and γ-amino-butyric acid in vitro . Endocrinology , 105 : 823 – 826 .
  • Enjalbert , A. , Ruberg , M. , Arancibia , S. , Priam , M. and Kordon , C. 1979c . Unpublished data cited in Enjalbert et al., 1979b
  • Ensor , D. M. 1978 . Comparative endocrinology of prolactin , London : Chapman and Hall .
  • Fang , V. S. 1976 . Effects of dopamine and serotonin on prolactin release from rat pituitary cells . Fed. Proc. , 35 : 305
  • Fasolo , A. , Franzoni , M. F. and Mazzi , V. 1980 . Evolution of the hypothalamohypophysial regulation in Tetrapods . Boll. Zool. , 47 ( suppl. 1 ) : 127 – 147 .
  • Faure , N. , Cronin , M. J. , Martial , J. A. and Weiner , R. I. 1980 . Decreased responsivness of GH3 cells to the dopaminergic inhibition of prolactin . Endocrinology , 107 : 1022 – 1026 .
  • Fuxe , K. , Hökfelt , T. and Nilson , O. 1969 . Castration, sex hormones and tubero-infundibular dopamine neurons . Neuroendocrinology , 5 : 107 – 120 .
  • Garthwaite , T. L. and Hagen , T. C. 1979 . Evidence that serotonin stimulate a prolactin-releasing factor in the rat . Neuroendocrinology , 29 : 215 – 229 .
  • Gibbs , D. M. and Veill , J. D. 1978 . Dopamine levels in hypophysial stalk blood in rat are sufficient to inhibit prolactin secretion in vivo . Endocrinology , 102 : 1895 – 1900 .
  • Girod , C. 1979 . Contrôle hypothalamique des sécrétions hormonales antéhypophysaires Encyclopédic Medico-Chirurgicale (Paris), Glandes Endocrines, 10017 G10
  • Goldsmith , P. C. , Cronin , M. J. , Rubin , R. J. and Weiner , R. I. 5th Annual Meeting of the Society for Neurosciences . St. Louis, MO (Abstract, 1098)
  • Grandison , L. , Fratta , W. and Guidotti , A. 1980 . Location and characterization of opiate receptors regulating pituitary secretion . Life Sci. , 26 : 1633
  • Grandison , L. and Guidotti , A. 1979 . γ-Aminobutyric acid receptor function in rat anterior pituitary: evidence for control of prolactin release . Endocrinology , 105 : 754 – 759 .
  • Grossman , A. , Delitala , G. , Yeo , T. and Besser , G. M. 1981 . GABA and muscimol inhibit the release of prolactin from dispersed rat anterior pituitary cells . Neuroendocrinology , 32 : 145 – 149 .
  • Grosvenor , C. E. and Mena , F. 1980 . Evidence that thyrotropin-releasing hormone and a hypothalamic prolactin-releasing factor may function in the release of prolactin in the lactating rat . Endocrinology , 107 : 863 – 868 .
  • Grosvenor , C. E. , Mena , F. and Whitworth , N. S. 1980 . Evidence that dopaminergic-PIF mechanism regulates the depletion-transformation phase and not the release phase of prolactin secretion during suckling in the rat . Endocrinology , 106 : 481 – 485 .
  • Gudelsky , G. A. , Nansel , D. D. and Porter , J. C. 1981 . Role of estrogen in the dopaminergic control of prolactin secretion . Endocrinology , 108 : 440 – 444 .
  • Gudelsky , G. A. and Porter , J. C. 1979 . Release of newly synthesized dopamine into the hypophysial portal vasculature of the rat . Endocrinology , 104 : 583 – 587 .
  • Hökfelt , T. and Fuxe , K. 1972 . Effects of prolactin and ergot alkaloids on the tubero-infundibular dopamine (DA) neurons . Neuroendocrinology , 9 : 100 – 122 .
  • Hökfelt , T. , Johansson , O. , Ljungdahl , Å , Lundberg , J. M. and Schultzberg , M. 1980 . Peptidergic neurones . Nature , 284 : 515 – 521 .
  • Hughes , J. 1978 . Centrally acting peptides , London and Basingstoke : The MacMillan Press .
  • Kahn , D. , Abrams , G. M. , Zimmerman , E. A. , Carraway , R. and Leeman , S. E. 1980 . Neurotensin neurons in the rat hypothalamus: an immunocytochemical study . Endocrinology , 107 : 47 – 54 .
  • Kato , Y. , Iwasaky , Y. , Iwasaki , I. , Abe , H. , Yanaihara , N. and Imura , H. 1978 . Prolactin release by vasoactive intestinal prolypeptide in rats . Endocrinology , 103 : 554 – 558 .
  • Klindt , J. , Davis , S. L. and Ohlson , D. L. 1979 . Plasma concentration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone, thyrotropin, prolactin, and growth hormone during five days osmotic pump infusion of thyrotropin-releasing hormone . Endocrinology , 104 : 45 – 49 .
  • Knowles , F. and Bern , H. A. 1966 . Function of neurosecretion in endocrine regulation . Nature , 210 : 271 – 272 .
  • Kordon , C. and Enjalbert , A. 1980 . “ Prolactin inhibiting and stimulating factors ” . In “Central and peripheral regulation of prolactin function” , Edited by: MacLeod , R. M. and Scapagnini , V. 69 – 77 . New York : Raven Press .
  • Krieger , D. T. and Liotta , A. S. 1979 . Pituitary hormones in brain: where, how and why? . Science , 205 : 366 – 372 .
  • Krieger , D. T. , Liotta , A. , Suda , T. , Palkovits , M. and Brownstein , M. J. 1977 . Presence of immunoassayable β-lipotropine in bovine brain and spinal cord: lack of concordance with ACTH concentrations . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. , 76 : 930 – 936 .
  • Krulich , L. , Coppings , R. J. , Giachetti , A. , McCann , S. M. and Mayfield , M. A. 1980 . Lack of evidence that the central serotoninergic system plays a role in the activation of prolactin secretion following inhibition of dopamine synthesis or blockade of dopamine receptors in the male rat . Neurendocrinology , 30 : 133 – 138 .
  • Lawson , D. M. and Gala , R. R. 1976 . The interaction of dopaminergic and serotoninergic drugs on plasma prolactin in ovariectomized, estrogen-treated rats . Endocrinology , 98 : 42 – 47 .
  • Liotra , A. S. , Suda , T. and Krieger , D. T. 1978 . β-Lipotropin is the major opioid-like peptide of human pituitary and rat pars distalis: lack of significant β-endorphin . Proc. Natn. Acad. Sci., U.S.A. , 75 : 2950 – 2954 .
  • Locatelli , V. , Cocchi , D. , Frigerio , C. , Betti , R. , Krogsgaard-Larsen , P. , Racagni , G. and Müller , E. E. 1979 . Dual γ-aminobutyric acid control of prolactin secretion in the rat . Endocrinology , 105 : 778 – 785 .
  • Loon , G. R. , van Ho , D. and Kim , C. 1980 . Endorphin induced decrease in hypothalamic dopamine turnover . Endocrinology , 106 : 76 – 80 .
  • Maeda , K. and Frohman , L. A. 1978 . Dissociation of systemic and central effects of neurotensin on the secretion of growth hormone, prolactin and thyrotropin . Endocrinology , 103 : 1903 – 1909 .
  • Maruyama , T. , Shiino , M. and Rennels , E. G. 1981 . Calcium-dependent changes in electrical properties of prolactin-secreting anterior pituitary (2B8) clonal cells . Neuroendocrinology , 32 : 28 – 32 .
  • Matsukura , S. , Yoshimi , H. , Sueoka , S. , Kataoka , K. , Ono , T. and Ohgushi , N. 1978 . The regional distribution of immunoreactive β -endorphin in the monkey brain . Brain Res. , 159 : 228
  • Mazzi , V. 1948 . Neurosecrezione e sintesi di proteine . Rend. Accad. Naz. Lincei , sVIII : 214 – 219 .
  • Mazzi , V. 1980 . Prolactin regulation: a comparative survey. Memorie Accad . Sci. Torino, I Cl. Sci. Mat. Fis. Natur. s. V , vol. 4 : 1 – 39 .
  • McCann , S. N. 1980 . Control of anterior pituitary hormone release by brain peptide . Neuroendocrinology , 31 : 355 – 363 .
  • McLeod , R. 1976 . “ Regulation of prolactin secretion ” . In “Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology” , Edited by: Martini , L. and Ganong , W. F. vol. 4 , 169 – 194 . New York : Raven Press .
  • McLeod , R. and Scapagnini , U. 1980 . Central and peripheral regulation of prolactin function , New York : Raven Press .
  • Mezey , Eva , Kivocics , P. and Palkovits , M. 1979 . Pituitary-Brain retrograde transports . TINS , 2 : 57 – 60 .
  • Müller , E. E. , Nisticò , G. and Scapagnini , U. 1977 . Neurotransmitters and anterior pituitary function , New York : Academic Press .
  • Nansel , D. O. , Gudelsky , G. A. and Porter , J. C. 1979 . Subcellular localization of dopamine in the anterior pituitary gland of the rat: apparent association of dopamine with prolactin secretory granules . Endocrinology , 105 : 1073 – 1077 .
  • Naor , Z. , Snyder , G. , Fawcett , C. P. and McCann , S. M. 1980 . Pituitary cyclic nucleotides and thyrotropin-releasing hormone action: the relationship of adenosine 3′-5prime;-monophosphate and guanosine 3′, 5′-monophosphate to the release of thyrotropin and prolactin . Endocrinology , 106 : 1304 – 1309 .
  • Neill , J. D. , Frawley , L. S. , Plotsky , P. M. and Tindall , G. T. 1981 . Dopamine in hypophysial stalk blood in the rhesus monkey and its role in regulating prolactin secretion . Endocrinology , 108 : 489 – 494 .
  • Oksche , A. 1977 . “ Evolution, differentiation and organization of hypothalamic systems controlling reproduction ” . In “Brain endocrine interaction”, vol III, “Neuronal hormones and reproduction” , Edited by: Scott , D. E. , Kozlowski , G. P. and Weindl , A. 1 – 15 . Basel : Karger .
  • Palkovits , M. 1980 . “ Functional anatomy of the “endocrine” brain ” . In “The endocrine functions of the brain” , Edited by: Motta , M. 1 – 19 . New York : Raven Press .
  • Pavasuthipaisit , K. , Norman , R. L. and Spies , H. G. 1980 . Evidence that serotonin is involved in prolactin release by electrical stimulation of the medial basal hypothalamus in the rhesus monkey . Neuroendocrinology , 31 : 256 – 260 .
  • Pawlikowsky , M. , Stepien , H. , Wolaniuk , A. and Kunert-Radek , J. 1978 . Influence of cholinergic receptors blockade and stimulation on the anterior pituitary mitotic activity . Neuroendocrinology , 26 : 85 – 92 .
  • Pearse , A. G. E. 1977 . The diffuse neuroendocrine system and the APUD concept: related “endocrine” peptides in brain, intestine, pituitary, placenta and anuran cutaneous glands . Med. Biol. , 55 : 115 – 125 .
  • Pearse , A. G. E. 1980 . The common peptides and the cytochemistry of their cell of origin . Bas. Appl. Histochem. , 24 : 63 – 74 .
  • Pelletier , G. , Leclerc , R. and Dubé , D. 1979 . “ Morphological basis of neuroendocrine function in the hypothalamus ” . In “Clinical Neuroendocrinology” , Edited by: Tolis , G. , Labrie , F. , Martin , G. and Naftolin , F. 15 – 27 . New York : Raven Press .
  • Pelletier , G. , Lemay , A. , Beraud , G. and Labrie , F. 1972 . Ultrastructural changes accompanying the stimulatory effect of N6-monobutyril adenosine 3′, 5′-monophosphate on the release of growth hormone, prolactin (PRL), and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in rat anterior pituitary gland in vitro . Endocrinology , 91 : 1355 – 1371 .
  • Piercy , M. and Shin , S. H. 1980 . Comparative studies of prolactin secretion in estradiolprimed and normal male rats induced by ether stress, pimozide and TRH . Neuroendocrinology , 31 : 270 – 275 .
  • Pilotte , N. S. and Porter , J. C. 1979 . Circulating luteinizing hormone and prolactin concentrations in intact or castrated male rats treated with 5-hydroxytryptamine . Endocrinology , 105 : 875 – 878 .
  • Plotsky , P. M. , Gibbs , D. M. and Neill , J. D. 1978 . Liquid chromatographic-electrochemical measurement of dopamine in hypophysial stalk blood of rats . Endocrinology , 102 : 1887 – 1894 .
  • Polenov , A. L. 1978 . “ Evolutionary basis of the general principle of neuroendocrine regulation. Interaction of peptide and monoamine neurohormones in a dual control mechanism ” . In “Neurosecretion and Neuroendocrine activity” , Edited by: Bargmann , W. , Oksche , A. , Polenov , A. and Scharrer , B. 15 – 30 . Heidelberg, New York : Springer-Verlag .
  • Rakic , P. 1979 . “ Genetic and epigenetic determinants of local neuronal circuits in the mammalian central nervous system ” . In “The Neurosciences, IV Study program” , Edited by: Schmitt , F. O. and Words , F. W. 109 – 128 . Cambridge, , U.S.A. : The MIT Press .
  • Ray , K. P. and Wallis , M. 1980 . Is cyclic adenosine 3? J . Endocr. , 85 : 59P
  • Rick , J. , Szabo , M. , Payne , P. , Kovathana , N. , Cannon , J. G. and Frohman , A. 1979 . Prolactin suppressive effects of two aminotetralin analogs of dopamine: their use in characterization of the pituitary dopamine receptors . Endocrinology , 104 : 1234 – 1242 .
  • Rossier , J. , Vargo , T. M. , Minick , S. , Ling , N. , Bloom , R. E. and Guillemin , R. 1978 . Regional dissociation of β-endorphin and enkephalins contents in rat brain and pituitary . Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , 75 : 3153 – 3157 .
  • Rotsztejn , W. H. 1980 . Neuromodulation in neuroendocrinology . TINS , 3 : 67 – 70 .
  • Rotsztejn , W. H. , Benoist , L. , Besson , J. , Beroud , G. , Bluet-Pajot , M. T. , Kordon , C. , Rosselin , G. and Duval , J. 1980 . Effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on the release of adenohypophyseal hormones from purified cells obtained by unit gravity sedimentation. Inhibition by dexamethasone of VIP-induced release . Neuroendocrinology , 31 : 282 – 286 .
  • Ruberg , M. , Rotsztejn , W. H. , Arancibia , S. , Besson , J. and Enjalbert , A. 1978 . Stimulation of prolactin release by vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) . Eur. J. Pharmacol. , 51 : 319 – 320 .
  • Saavedra , J. M. , Palkovits , M. , Kizer , J. S. , Brownstein , M. and Zivin , J. A. 1975 . Distribution of biogenic amines and related enzymes in the rat pituitary gland . J. Neurochem. , 25 : 257
  • Said , S. I. and Porter , J. C. 1979 . Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide . Release into hypophyseal portal blood. Life Sci. , 24 : 227 – 230 .
  • Scanlon , M. F. , Pourmand , M. , McGregor , A. M. , Rodriguez-Arnao , M. D. , Hall , K. , Gomez-Pau , A. and Hall , R. 1979 . Some current aspects of clinical and experimental endocrinology with particular reference to growth hormone, thyrotropin and prolactin . J. Endocrinol. Invest. , 2 : 307 – 331 .
  • Schaeffer , J. M. and Hsueh , J. W. 1980 . Acetylcholine receptors in the rat anterior pituitary . Endocrinology , 106 : 1377 – 1381 .
  • Schally , A. V. , Redding , T. W. , Arimura , R. A. , Dupont , A. and Linthicum , G. L. 1977 . Isolation of gamma-amino butyric acid from pig hypothalami and demonstration of its prolactin release-inhibiting factor (PIF) activity in vivo and in vitro . Endocrinology , 100 : 681 – 691 .
  • Scharrer , B. 1959 . “ The role of neurosecretion in neuroendocrine integration ” . In “Comparative Endocrinology” , Edited by: Gorbman , A. 134 – 148 . New York : J. Wiley .
  • Scharrer , B. 1978 . “ Current concepts on the evolution of the neurosecretory neuron ” . In “Neurosecretion and Neuroendocrine activity” , Edited by: Bargman , W. , Oksche , A. , Polenov , A. and Scharrer , B. 9 – 14 . Berlin, Heidelberg, New York : Springer-Verlag .
  • Scharrer , B. 1979 . “ Neurosecretion and neuroendocrinology in historical perspective ” . In “Hormonal proteins and peptides” , Edited by: Li , C. H. vol. VII , 279 – 292 . New York, San Francisco, London : Academic Press .
  • Scharrer , E. 1928 . Die Lichtempfindlichkeit blinder Elritzen. (Untersuchungen über das Zwischenhirn der Fische I) . Z. Vergl. Physiol. , 7 : 1 – 38 .
  • Scharrer , E. 1965 . The final common path in neuroendocrine integration . Arch. Anat. micr. Morph. exp. , 54 : 359 – 370 .
  • Shimatsu , A. , Kato , Y. , Matsushita , N. , Natakami , H. , Yanaihara , N. and Imura , H. 1981 . Immunoreactive vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in rat hypophysial portal blood . Endocrinology , 108 : 395 – 398 .
  • Shin , S. H. and Reifel , C. W. 1981 . Adenohypophysis has an inherent property for pulsatile prolactin secretion . Neuroendocrinology , 32 : 139 – 144 .
  • Simantov , R. and Snyder , S. 1977 . Opiate receptors binding in the pituitary gland . Brain Res. , 124 : 178
  • Spies , H. G. , Quadri , S. K. , Chappel , S. C. and Norman , R. L. 1980 . Dopaminergic and opioid compounds. Effects on prolactin and LH release after electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus in ovariectomized rhesus monkeys . Neuroendocrinology , 30 : 249 – 256 .
  • Stefano , F. and Donoso , H. O. 1967 . Norepinephrine levels in the rat hypothalamus during the estrous cycle . Endocrinology , 81 : 1405 – 1406 .
  • Steiner , A. L. , Peake , G. T. , Utiger , R. D. , Karl , I. E. and Kipnis , D. M. 1970 . Hypothalamic stimulation of growth hormone and thyrotropin release in vitro and pituitary 3′-5′-adenosine cyclic monophosphate . Endocrinology , 86 : 1354 – 1360 .
  • Thorner , M. O. , Hackett , J. T. , Murad , F. and Mac Leod , R. M. 1980 . Calcium rather than cyclic AMP as the physiological intracellular regulator of prolactin release . Neuroendocrinology , 31 : 390 – 392 .
  • Thorner , M. O. , Kirk , C. R. and Murad , F. Dissociation of prolactin and growth hormone release from perfused isolated rat pituitary cells in response to changes in endogenous cyclic AMP . 61st Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society, Miami . (Abstract 558)
  • Tindal , J. S. 1978 . “ Control of prolactin secretion ” . In “The Endocrine hypothalamus” , Edited by: Jeffcoate , L. and Hutchinson , J. S. M. 330 – 360 . London, New York, San Francisco : Academic Press .
  • Vale , W. and Brown , M. 1979 . “ Neurobiology of peptides ” . In “The Neurosciences. IV Study Program” , Edited by: Schmitt , F. O. and Worder , F. W. 1027 – 1041 . Cambridge, , U.S.A. : The MIT Press .
  • Vale , W. , Rivier , C. , Brown , M. , Chan , L. , Ling , N. and Rivier , J. 1976 . “ Applications of adenohypophyseal cell cultures to neuroendocrine studies ” . In “Hypohtalamus and endocrine functions” , Edited by: Labrie , F. , Meites , J. and Pelletier , G. New York : Plenum Press .
  • Van Houten , M. , Posner , B. I. and Walsh , R. J. 1980 . Radioautographic identification of lactogen binding sites in rat median eminence using 125I-human growth hormone: Evidence for a prolactin “short-loop” feedback site . Exp. Brain Res. , 38 : 455 – 461 .
  • Vician , L. , Shupnik , M. A. and Gorski , J. 1979 . Effects of estrogen on primary ovine patuitary cell cultures: stimulation of prolactin secretion, synthesis and prolactin messenger ribonucleis acid activity . Endocrinology , 104 : 736 – 743 .
  • Vijayan , E. and McCann , S. M. 1979 . In vivo and in vitro effects of substance P and neurotensin on gonadotropin and prolactin release . Endocrinology , 105 : 64 – 68 .
  • Vijayan , E. , Samson , W. K. , Said , S. I. and McCann , S. M. 1979 . Vasoactive intestinal peptide: evidence for a hypothalamic site of action to release growth hormone, luteinizing hormone and prolactin in conscious ovariectomized rats . Endocrinology , 104 : 53 – 57 .
  • Wardlaw , S. L. , Wehrenberg , W. B. , Ferin , M. , Carmel , P. W. and Frańz , A. G. 1980 . High levels of β-endorphin in hypophyseal portal blood . Endocrinology , 106 : 1323 – 1326 .
  • Watkins , W. B. 1980 . Presence of adrenocorticotropin and β-endorphin immunoreactivities in the magnocellular neurosecretory system of the rat hypothalamus . Cell Tiss. Res. , 207 : 65 – 80 .
  • Wehrenberg , W. B. , McNicol , A. G. , Frantz , A. G. and Ferin , M. 1980 . The effects of serotonin on prolactin and growth hormone concentrations in normal pituitary stalk-sectioned monkeys . Endocrinology , 107 : 1747 – 1750 .
  • Wilkes , M. M. , Watskin , W. B. , Stewart , R. D. and Yen , S. S. C. 1980 . Localization and quantitation of β-endorphin in human brain and pituitary . Neuroendocrinology , 30 : 113 – 121 .
  • Zor , V. , Kaneko , T. , Schnider , H. P. , McCann , S. M. , Lowe , I. P. , Bloom , G. , Borland , B. and Field , J. B. 1979 . Stimulation of anterior pituitary adenyl cyclase activity and adenosine 3′-5′-cyclic phosphate by hypothalamic extract and prostaglandin E1 . Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , 63 : 18 – 925 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.