Trichomes on vegetative and reproductive organs of Stevia rebaudiana (Asteraceae). Structure and secretory products

REFERENCES

• Afolayan , A.J. and Meyer , J.J.M. 1995 . Morphology and ultrastructure of secreting and nonsecreting foliar trichomes of Helichrysum aureonitens (Asteraceae) . Int. J. Plant Sci. , 156 : 481 – 487 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antunes , T. and Sevinate-Pinto , I. 1991 . Glandular trichomes of Teucrium scorodonia L. Morphology and histochemistry . Flora , 185 : 65 – 70 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ascens˝ao , L. and Pais , M.S.S. 1987 . Glandular trichomes of Artemisia campestris (ssp. maritima): ontogeny and histochemistry of the secretory product . Bot. Gaz. , 148 : 221 – 227 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ascens˝ao , L. , Marques , N. and Pais , M.S. 1995 . Glandular trichomes on vegetative and reproductive organs of Leonotis leonurus (Lamiaceae) . Ann. Bot. , 75 : 619 – 626 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ascens˝ao , L. , Marques , N. and Pais , M.S. 1997 . Peltate glandular trichomes of Leonotis leonurus leaves: ultrastructure and histochemical characterization of secretions . Int. J. Plant Sci. , 158 : 249 – 258 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beker , R. , Dafni , A. , Eiskowitch , D. and Ravid , U. 1989 . Volatile of two chemotypes of Majorana syriaca L. (Labiatae) as olfactoy cues for the honeybee . Oecologia , 79 : 446 – 451 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brinn , N.T. and Pickett , J.P. 1979 . Glycol methacrylate for routine, special stains, histochemistry, enzyme histochemistry and immunohistochemistry . J. Histochem. Cytochem. , 2 : 125 – 130 .
   Google Scholar
• Brundrett , M.C. , Kendrick , B. and Peterson , C.A. 1991 . Efficient lipid staining in plant material with sudan red 7b or fluorol yellow 088 in polyethylene glycol glycerol . Biotech. Histochem. , 66 : 111 – 116 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruni , A. and Modenesi , P. 1983 . Development, oil storage and dehiscence of peltate trichomes in Thymus vulgaris (Lamiaceae) . Nord. J. Bot. , 3 : 245 – 251 .
   Google Scholar
• Bryant , Y.P. , Provenza , F.D. , Pastor , J. , Reichardt , P.B. , Clausen , T.P. and du Toit , J.T. 1991 . Interactions between woody plants and browsing mammals mediated by secondary metabolites . Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. , 22 : 431 – 446 .
   Google Scholar
• Buchbauer , G. Biological effects of fragrances and essential oils . Proceedings 12th. Int. Congr. Flavours, Fragrances and Essential Oils . Oct. 4–8 1992 , Vienna . Edited by: Woidich , H. and Buchbauer , G. pp. 34 – 43 . In
   Google Scholar
• Cappelletti , E.M. , Caniato , R. and Appendino , G. 1986 . Localization of the cytotoxic hydroperoxyeudesmanolides in Artemisia umbelliformis . Biochem. Syst. Ecol. , 14 : 183 – 190 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corsi , G. and Nencioni , S. 1995 . Secretory structures in Artemisia nitida Bertol. (Asteraceae) . Israel J. Plant Sci. , 43 : 359 – 365 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• David , R. and Carde , J.P. 1964 . Coloration différentielle des inclusions lipidiques et terpéniques des pseudophylles du Pin maritime au moyen du réactif nadi . C. R. Acad. Sc. Paris , 258 : 1338 – 1340 .
   Google Scholar
• DeMason , D.A. , Sekhar , K.N.C. and Harris , M. 1989 . Endosperm development in the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) (Arecaceae) . Am. J. Bot. , 76 : 1255 – 1265 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duke , M.V. , Paul , R.N. , Elsohly , H.N. , Sturtz , G. and Duke , S.O. 1994 . Localization of artemisinin and artemisitene in foliar tissue of glanded and glandless biotypes of Artemisia annua L. . Int. J. Plant Sci. , 155 : 365 – 372 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duke , S.O. and Paul , R.N. 1993 . Development and fine structure of the glandular trichomes of Artemisia annua L. . Int. J. Plant Sci. , 154 : 107 – 118 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fahn , A. 1988 . Secretory tissues in vascular plants . New Phytol. , 108 : 229 – 257 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feder , N. and O'Brien , T.P. 1968 . Plant microtechnique: some principles and new methods . Am. J. Bot. , 55 : 123 – 142 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Felipe , G.M. 1977 . Stevia rebaudiana Bert.: a review . Ciênc. Cult. , 29 : 1240 – 1248 . 1977
   Google Scholar
• Ferreira , J.F.S. and Janick , J. 1995 . Floral morphology of Artemisia annua with special reference to trichomes . Int. J. Plant Sci. , 156 : 807 – 815 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujita , Y. , Taka , H. and Fujita , J. 1977 . Miscellaneous contributions to the essential oils of the plant from various territories. XLI. The components of the essential oil of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni . J. Pharm. Soc. Japan (Yakugaku Zasshi) , 97 : 692 – 694 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furr , M. and Mahlberg , P.G. 1981 . Histochemical analyses of laticifers and glandular trichomes in Cannabis sativa . J. Nat. Prod. , 44 : 153 – 159 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gahan , P.B. 1984 . Plant Histochemistry and Cytochemistry , London : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Geissman , T.A. and Griffin , T.S. 1971 . Sesquiterpene lactones: acid-catalysed color reactions as an aid in structure determination . Phytochemistry , 10 : 2475 – 2485 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giannuzzi , L. and Molina Ortiz , S.E. 1995 . Edulcorantes Naturales y Sintéticos: Aplicaciones y Aspectos Toxicológicos . Acta Farm. Bonaerense , 14 : 119 – 131 .
   Google Scholar
• Hayashibe , M. and Kathoda , S. 1973 . Initiation of budding and chitin ring . J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. , 19 : 23 – 39 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heslop-Harrison , Y. and Heslop-Harrison , J. 1981 . The digestive glands of Pinguicula: structure and cytochemistry . Ann. Bot. , 47 : 293 – 319 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hohmann , B. 1978 . Botanisch-warenkundliche Diagnostik von Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Hemsl., einer sübstoffliefernden Pflanze . Deut. Lebensm.-Rundsch. , 74 : 296 – 299 .
   Google Scholar
• Jensen , W.A. 1962 . Botanical Histochemistry , San Francisco, London : Freeman and Co. .
   Google Scholar
• Jorge , L.I.F. , Pereira , U. and Silva , A.M. 1991 . Identificaç˝ao histológica das principais compostas brasileiras de emprego medicinal . Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz , 51 : 47 – 51 .
   Google Scholar
• Kinghorn , A.D. , Suttisri , R. and Lee , I.S. 1995 . “ Search for noncariogenic sweeteners from medicinal plants ” . In Phytochemistry of Plants used in Traditional Medicine , Edited by: Hostettmann , K. , Marston , A. , Maillard , M. and Hamburger , M. 165 – 188 . Oxford : Claredon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ling-Lee , M. , Chilvers , G.A. and Ashford , A.E. 1977 . A histochemical study of phenolic materials in myocrrhizal and uninfected roots of Eucalyptus fastigata Deane and Maiden . New Phytol. , 78 : 313 – 328 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martelli , A. , Frattini , C. and Chialva , F. 1985 . Unusual essential oils with aromatic properties — I. Volatile components of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni . Flavour Fragrance J. , 1 : 3 – 7 .
   Google Scholar
• Mazzei Planas , G. and Kuc' , J. 1968 . Contraceptive properties of Stevia rebaudiana . Science , 162 : 1007 – 1007 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metcalfe , C.R. and Chalk , L. 1950 . Anatomy of the Dicotyledons , Vol. II , Oxford : Clarendon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Metivier , J. and Viana , A.M. 1979 . The effect of long and short day length upon the growth of whole plants and the level of soluble proteins, sugars, and stevioside in leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bert. . J. Exp. Bot. , 30 : 1211 – 1222 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Brien , T.P. and Mc Cully , M.E. 1981 . The Study of Plant Structure Principles and Selected Methods , Melbourne : Termacarphi Pty. Ltd. .
   Google Scholar
• Sarkar , S.K. and Howarth , R.E. 1976 . Specificity of the vanilline test for flavanols . J. Agr. Food Chem. , 24 : 317 – 320 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serrato-Valenti , G. , Bisio , A. , Cornara , L. and Ciarallo , G. 1997 . Structural and histochemical investigation of the glandular trichomes of Salvia aurea L. leaves, and chemical analysis of the essential oil . Ann. Bot. , 79 : 329 – 336 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaffert , E.E. and Chebotaru , A.A. 1994 . Structure, topography and ontogeny of Stevia rebaudiana (Asteraceae) trichomes . Bot. Zhurnal (St. Petersburg) , 79 : 38 – 48 .
   Google Scholar
• Spilkova , J. and Holeckova , H. 1999 . Mikroskopicky popis nati Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Hemsley (Asteraceae) . Ceska a Slovenska Farmacie , 48 : 33 – 35 .
   Google Scholar
• Stahl , E. 1953 . Untersuchungen an den Drüsenhaaren der Schafgarbe (Achillea millefolium L) . Z. Bot. , 41 : 123 – 146 .
   Google Scholar
• Suanarunsawat , T. and Chaiyabutr , N. 1997 . The effect of stevioside on glucose metabolism in rat . Can. J. Physiol. Pharm. , 75 : 976 – 982 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tateo , F. , Mariotti , M. , Bononi , M. , Lubian , E. , Martello , S. and Cornara , L. 1998 . Stevioside content and morphological variability in a population of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni from Paraguay . Ital. J. Food Sci. , 10 : 261 – 267 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomita , T. , Sato , N. , Arai , T. , Shiraishi , H. , Sato , M. , Takeuchi , M. and Kamio , Y. 1997 . Bactericidal activity of a fermented hotwater extract from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni towards enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli 0157:H7 and other food borne pathogenic bacteria . Microbiol. Immunol. , 41 : 1005 – 1009 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toskulkao , C. , Chaturat , L. , Temcharoen , P. and Glinsukon , T. 1997 . Acute toxicity of stevioside, a natural sweetener, and its metabolite, steviol, in several animal species . Drug Chem. Toxicol. , 20 : 31 – 44 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsanava , V.P. , Sardzhveladze , G.P. and Kharebava , L.G. 1991 . Effects of some technological measures on composition of the volatile complex in Stevia rebaudiana . Subtropicheskie Kul'Tury , 3 : 64 – 70 .
   Google Scholar
• Vermeer , J. and Peterson , R.L. 1979 . Glandular trichomes on the inflorescence of Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Dramatic (Compositae). II. Ultrastructure and histochemistry . Can. J. Bot. , 57 : 714 – 729 .
   Google Scholar
• Wagner , G.J. 1991 . Secreting glandular trichomes: more than just hairs . Plant Physiol. , 96 : 675 – 679 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner , H. 1977 . “ Pharmaceutical and economic uses of the Compositae ” . In The Biology and Chemistry of the Compositae , Edited by: Heywood , V.H. , Harborne , J.B. and Turner , B.L. Vol. 1 , 411 – 433 . London : Academic Press . In
   Google Scholar
• Werker , E. 1993 . Function of essential oil-secreting glandular hairs in aromatic plants of the Lamiaceae-A review . Flavour Fragrance J. , 8 : 249 – 255 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Werker , E. and Fahn , A. 1981 . Secretory hairs of Inula viscosa (L.) Ait. — Development, ultrastructure, and secretion . Bot. Gaz. , 142 : 461 – 476 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xi , Y.C. , Yamaguchi , T. , Sato , M. and Takeuchi , M. 1988 . Antioxidant activity of Stevia rebaudiana . J. Jap. Soc. Food Sci. Techn. , 45 : 310 – 316 .
   Google Scholar