211
Views
35
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Effect of spatial and temporal patterns of stress and disturbance intensities in a sub-Mediterranean grassland

, , &
Pages 352-367 | Published online: 24 Oct 2011

References

  • Altesor , A , Piñero , G , Lezama , F , Jackson , R B , Sarasola , M and Paruelo , J M . 2006 . Ecosystem changes associated with grazing in sub-humid South American grasslands . J Veg Sci , 17 : 323 – 332 .
  • Armiraglio , S , Cerabolini , B , Gandellini , F , Gandini , P and Andreis , C . 2003 . Calcolo informatizzato del bilancio idrico del suolo . Natura Bresciana, Ann Mus Civ Sc Nat , 33 : 209 – 216 .
  • Ballelli , S and Bellomaria , B . 2005 . La flora officinale delle Marche , Camerino : Arte Lito .
  • Berendse , F . 1985 . The effect of grazing on the outcome of competition between plant species with different nutrients requirements . Oikos , 44 : 35 – 39 .
  • Berendse , F . 1994 . Competition between plant populations at low and high nutrient supplies . Oikos , 71 : 253 – 260 .
  • Biondi , E , Allegrezza , M and Zuccarello , V . 2005 . Syntaxonomic revision of the Apennine grassland belonging to Brometalia erecti and an analysis of their relationship with the xerophilous vegetation of Rosmarinetea officinalis . Phytocoenologia , 35 ( 1 ) : 129 – 163 .
  • Biondi , E and Baldoni , M A . 1995 . The climate and vegetation of peninsular Italy . Colloq Phytosociol , 23 : 675 – 721 .
  • Biondi , E , Baldoni , M A and Talamonti , M C . 1995 . “ Il fitoclima delle Marche ” . In Salvaguardia e gestione dei beni ambientali nelle Marche , Edited by: Biondi , E . 21 – 70 . Ancona : Tipolit Trifogli .
  • Biondi , E , Blasi , C , Burrascano , S , Casavecchia , S , Copiz , R DelVico , E . 2009 . Italian interpretation manual of the 92/43/EEC Directive Habitats Available: http://vnr.unipg.it/habitat/index.jsp
  • Biondi , E , Pinzi , M and Gubellini , L . 2004 . Vegetazione e paesaggio vegetale del massiccio del Monte Cucco (Appennino centrale, Dorsale Umbro-Marchigiana) . Fitosociologia , 41 ( 2, Suppl. 1 ) : 3 – 81 .
  • Biondini , M E , Patton , B D and Nyren , P E . 1998 . Grazing intensity and ecosystem processes in a northern mixed-grass prairie, USA . Ecol Appl , 8 : 469 – 479 .
  • Bittante , G , Andrighetto , I and Ramanzin , N . 1993 . Tecniche di produzione animale . Padova: Liviana Editrice , : 490
  • Bobbink , R , Bik , L and Willems , J H . 1988 . Effects of nitrogen fertilization on vegetation structure and dominance of B.pinnatum (L.) Beauv. in chalk grassland . Acta Botanica Neerlandica , 37 : 231 – 242 .
  • Bonanomi , G and Allegrezza , M . 2004 . Effetti della colonizzazione di Brachypodium rupestre (Host) Roemer et Schultes sulla diversità di alcune fitocenosi erbacee dell'Appennino centrale . Fitosociologia , 41 ( 2 ) : 51 – 69 .
  • Bonanomi , G , Caporaso , S and Allegrezza , M . 2009 . Effects of nitrogen enrichment, plant litter removal and cutting on a species-rich Mediterranean calcareous grassland . Plant Biosyst , 143 ( 3 ) : 443 – 455 .
  • Braun-Blanquet , J . 1964 . Pflanzensoziologie. , 3rd ed , Wien , NewYork : Springer .
  • Briske , D D . 1996 . “ Strategies of plant survival in grazed systems: A functional interpretation ” . In The ecology and management of grazing systems , Edited by: Hodgson , J and Illius , A W . 37 – 68 . Wallingford : CAB International .
  • Buckland , S M , Thompson , K , Hodgson , J G and Grime , J P . 2001 . Grassland invasions: Effects of manipulations of climate and management . J Appl Ecol , 38 : 289 – 294 .
  • Bullock , J M , Franklin , J , Stevenson , M J , Silvertown , J , Coulson , S J Gregory , S J . 2001 . A plant trait analysis of responses tograzing in a long-term experiment . J Appl Ecol , 38 : 253 – 267 .
  • Callaway , R M and Pugnaire , F I . 2007 . “ Facilitation in plant communities ” . In Functional plant ecology. , 2nd ed , Edited by: Pugnaire , F I and Valladares , F . 435 – 456 . Boca Raton/London/New York : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group .
  • Catorci , A . 2007 . “ Lineamenti storico-economici del paesaggio pastorale maceratese ” . In Le praterie montane dell'Appennino maceratese Edited by: Catorci , A and Gatti , R . Vol. 42 , 39 – 46 . Braun-Blanquetia
  • Catorci , A , Cesaretti , S and Gatti , R . 2009 . Biodiversity conservation: Geosynphytosociology as a tool of analysis and modelling of grassland systems . Hacquetia , 8 ( 2 ) : 129 – 146 .
  • Catorci , A and Gatti , R . 2010 . Floristic composition and spatial distribution assessment of montane mesophilous grasslands in the Central Apennines (Italy): A multi-scale and diachronic approach . Plant Biosyst , 144 ( 4 ) : 793 – 804 .
  • Cesaretti , S , Castagna , S , Montenegro , B and Catorci , A . 2009 . Zootechnical characterization of grassland vegetation in a pastoral system as a tool for biodiversity conservation: A case study of Umbria-Marches Apennine . Inf Bot Ital , 41 ( 2 ) : 247 – 258 .
  • Cesaretti , S , Gatti , R , Malfatti , A , Scocco , P , Beghelli , D and Catorci , A . 2007 . “ Approccio metodologico integrato per l'analisi ed il monitoraggio delle attività zootecniche come strumento di conservazione dell'habitat 6210: un caso studio nell'Appennino umbro-marchigiano ” . In Atti del 43° congresso della Società Italiana Scienza della Vegetazione; Edited by: Biondi , E . “L'applicazione della Direttiva Habitat in Italia e in Europa”. Fitosociologia 44 (2 Suppl. 1): 321–325
  • Chaneton , E J and Facelli , J M . 1991 . Disturbance effects on plant community diversity: Spatial scales and dominance hierarchies . Vegetatio , 93 : 143 – 155 .
  • Conti , F , Abbate , G , Alessandrini , A and Blasi , C . 2005 . An annotated checklist of the Italian vascular flora , Roma : Palombi Editori .
  • Crofts , A and Grayson , B . 1999 . “ Grazing ” . In The lowland grassland management handbook. , 2nded , Edited by: Crofts , A and Jefferson , R G . 1 – 84 . London : English Nature/The Wildlife Trusts, chapter 5 .
  • de Bello , F , Lepš , J and Sebastià , M T . 2006 . Variations in species and functional plant diversity along climatic and grazing gradients . Ecography , 29 : 801 – 810 .
  • de Bello , F , Lepš , J and Sebastià , M T . 2007 . Grazing effects on the species–area relationship: Variation along a climatic gradient in NE Spain . J Veg Sci , 18 : 25 – 34 .
  • Díaz , S , Cabido , M , Zak , M , Martinez Carretero , E and Araníbar , J . 1999 . Plant functional traits, ecosystem structure and land-use history along a climatic gradient in central-western Argentina . JVeg Sci , 10 : 651 – 660 .
  • Díaz , S , Lavorel , S , Chapin , F S , Tecco , P A , Gurvich , D E and Grigulis , K . 2007 . “ Functional diversity – at the crossroads between ecosystem functioning and environmental filters ” . In Terrestrial ecosystem in a changing world , Edited by: Canadell , J G , Pataki , D and Pitelka , L . 81 – 91 . Berlin/Heidelberg : Springer-Verlag .
  • Dupré , C and Diekmann , M . 2001 . Differences in species richness and life-history traits between grazed and abandoned grasslands in southern Sweden . Ecography , 24 : 275 – 286 .
  • Ellenberg , H . 1988 . Vegetation ecology of central Europe . Cambridge:Cambridge University Press , 731
  • Endresz , G , Zöld-Balogh , Á and Kalapos , T . 2005 . Local distribution pattern of Brachypodium pinnatum (Poaceae) – field experiments in xeric loess grassland in N. Hungary . Phyton , 45 : 249 – 265 .
  • Fensham , R J , Holman , J E and Cox , M J . 1999 . Plant species responses along a grazing disturbance gradient in Australian grassland . JVeg Sci , 10 : 77 – 86 .
  • Gitay , H and Noble , I R . 1997 . “ What are functional types and howshould we seek them? ” . In Plant functional types – their relevance to ecosystem properties and global change , Edited by: Smith , T M , Shugart , H H and Woodward , F I . 3 – 19 . Cambridge : CambridgeUniversity Press .
  • Grime , J P . 1973 . Competitive exclusion in herbaceous vegetation . Nature , 242 : 344 – 347 .
  • Grime , J P . 2001 . Plant strategies, vegetation processes and ecosystem properties. , 2nd ed , Chichester : John Wiley and Sons .
  • Grime , J P , Hodgson , J G and Hunt , R . 1988 . Comparative plant ecology: A functional approach to common British species , London : Unwin Hyman .
  • Grubb , P J . 1992 . A positive distrust in simplicity – lessons from plant defences and from competition among plants and among animals . J Ecol , 80 : 585 – 610 .
  • Hobbs , R J . 1997 . “ Can we use plant functional types to describe and predict responses to environmental change? ” . In Plant functional types , Edited by: Smith , T A , Shugard , H H and Woodward , F I . 66 – 90 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press . Their relevance to ecosystem properties and global change
  • Hodgson , J and Illius , A W . 1996 . The ecology and management of grazing systems , Wallingford : CAB International .
  • Hofmann , R R . 1989 . Evolutionary step of ecophysiological adaptation and diversification of ruminant: A comparative view of their digestive system . Oecologia , 78 : 443 – 457 .
  • Hulme , P D , Pakeman , R J , Torvell , L , Fisher , J M and Gordon , I J . 1999 . The effects of controlled sheep grazing on the dynamics of upland Agrostis-Festuca grassland . J Appl Ecol , 36 : 886 – 900 .
  • Kahmen , S and Poschlod , P . 2008 . Effects of grassland management on plant functional trait composition . Agric Ecosyst Environ , 128 : 137 – 145 .
  • Kerguélen , M and Plonka , F . 1989 . “ Les festuca de la flore de France. Bulletin de la Société Botanique du Centre-Oueste, nouvelle série ” . Dignac : La Clef d'Or . Numéro spécial 10
  • Klimešová , J and Klimeš , L . 2006 . Clo-Pla3: A database of clonal growth architecture of Central-European plants Available: http://clopla.butbn.cas.cz/
  • Klotz , S , Kühn , I and Durka , W . 2002 . “ Biolflor: Eine Datenbank zu biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen der Gefäßpflanzen in Deutschland ” . Bonn : Bundesamt für Naturschutz . Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde 38 Available: http://www.ufz.de/biolflor/index.jsp
  • Koukoura , Z , Tsiouvaras , C and Papanastasis , V P . Long term effects of grazing on biodiversity of a Mediterranean grassland in northern Greece . Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Ecological Basis of Livestock Grazing in Mediterranean Ecosystems . Edited by: Papanastasis , V P and Peter , D . pp. 53 – 57 . European Union . EU report 18308
  • Lauenroth , W K and Aguilera , M O . 1998 . “ Plant–plant interactions in grasses and grasslands ” . In Population biology of grasses , Edited by: Cheplick , G P . 209 – 230 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Lavorel , S , McIntyre , S , Landsberg , J and Forbes , T DA . 1997 . Plant functional classifications: From general groups to specific groups based on response to disturbance . Trends Ecol Evol , 12 : 474 – 478 .
  • Mårtensson , L M and Olsson , P A . 2010 . Soil chemistry of local vegetation gradients in sandy calcareous grassland . Plant Ecol , 206 ( 1 ) : 127 – 138 .
  • Maschinsky , J and Whitham , T G . 1989 . The continuum of plant responses to herbivory: The influence of plant association, nutrient availability, and timing . Am Nat , 134 : 1 – 19 .
  • McGill , B J , Enquist , B J , Weiher , E and Westoby , M . 2006 . Rebuilding community ecology from functional traits . Trends Ecol Evol , 21 : 178 – 185 .
  • Milchunas , D G and Lauenroth , W K . 1993 . Quantitative effects of grazing on vegetation and soils over a global range of environments . Ecol Monogr , 63 : 327 – 366 .
  • Milchunas , D G , Sala , O E and Lauenroth , W K . 1988 . A generalized model of the effects of grazing by large herbivores on grassland community structure . Am Nat , 132 : 87 – 106 .
  • Mitrakos , K . 1982 . Winter low temperatures in Mediterranean-type ecosystems . Ecol Mediterr , 8 ( 1–2 ) : 95 – 102 .
  • Navas , M L and Violle , C . 2009 . Plant traits related to competition: How do they shape the functional diversity of communities? . Comm Ecol , 10 ( 1 ) : 131 – 137 .
  • Noy-Meir , I , Gutman , M and Kaplan , Y . 1989 . Responses of Mediterranean grassland plants to grazing and protection . JEcol , 77 : 290 – 310 .
  • Orsomando , E , Catorci , A , Pitzalis , M and Raponi , M . 2000 . The phytoclimate of Umbria . Parlatorea , 4 : 5 – 24 .
  • Pardini A. 2006. Gestione dei pascoli e dei territori pascolivi. Roma: Aracne Editrice
  • Pavlů , V , Hejcman , M , Pavlů , L and Gaisler , J . 2003 . Effect of rotational and continuous grazing on vegetation of the upland grassland in the Jizerské hory Mts., Czech Republic . Folia Geobot , 38 : 21 – 34 .
  • Pignatti , S . 1982 . Flora d'Italia , 1 – 3 . Bologna : Edagricole .
  • Podani , J . 2001 . “ Syn-tax 2000. Computer programs for data analysis in ecology and systematics ” . In User's manual , Budapest : Scientia .
  • Putfarken , D , Dengler , J , Lehmann , S and Härdtle , W . 2008 . Site use of grazing cattle and sheep in a large-scale pasture landscape: A GPS/GIS assessment . Appl Anim Behav Sci , 111 : 54 – 67 .
  • Rivas-Martínez , S and Rivas-Saenz , S . 1996–2009 . “ Worldwide Bioclimatic Classification System ” . Spain : Phytosociological Research Center . Available: http://www.globalbioclimatics.org
  • Roggero , P P , Bagella , S and Farina , R . 2002 . Un archivio dati di Indici specifici per la valutazione integrata del valore pastorale . Riv Agron , 36 ( 2 ) : 149 – 156 .
  • Sebastià , M T , de Bello , F , Puig , L and Taull , M . 2008 . Grazing as a factor structuring grasslands in the Pyrenees . Appl Veg Sci , 11 : 215 – 222 .
  • Silvertown , J , Dodd , M E , McConway , K , Potts , J and Crawley , M . 1994 . Rainfall, biomass variation, and community composition in the Park Grass Experiment . Ecology , 75 : 430 – 437 .
  • Skarpe , C . 2001 . “ Effects of large herbivores on competition and succession in natural Savannah rangelands ” . In Competition and succession in pastures , Edited by: Tow , P G and Lazenby , A . 175 – 192 . Wallingford : CABI Publishing .
  • SPSS Inc . 2005 . “ SPSS for Windows ” . In Version 13.0 Chicago
  • Stebbins , G L . 1972 . “ The evolution of the grass family ” . In The biology and utilization of grasses , Edited by: Younger , V B and McKell , C M . 1 – 17 . New York: : Academic Press .
  • Sternberg , M , Gutman , M , Perevolotsky , A , Ungar , E D and Kigel , J . 2000 . Vegetation response to grazing management in a Mediterranean community: A functional group approach . JAppl Ecol , 37 : 224 – 237 .
  • Tilman , D . 1987 . Secondary succession and the pattern of plant dominance along experimental nitrogen gradients . Ecol Monogr , 57 : 189 – 214 .
  • Tremont , R M . 1994 . Life-history attributes of plants in grazed and ungrazed grasslands on the northern Tablelands of New South Wales . Aust J Bot , 42 : 511 – 530 .
  • Van der Maarel , E . 1979 . Transformation of cover-abundance values in phytosociology and its effects on community similarity . Vegetatio , 39 : 97 – 144 .
  • Watkinson , A R and Ormerod , S J . 2001 . Grasslands, grazing and biodiversity: Editors' introduction . J Appl Ecol , 38 : 233 – 237 .
  • Willems , J H , Peet , R K and Bik , L . 1993 . Changes in chalk-grassland structure and species richness resulting from selective nutrient additions . J Veg Sci , 4 : 203 – 212 .
  • Wilson , S D . 1998 . “ Competition between grasses and woody plants ” . In Population biology of grasses , Edited by: Cheplick , G. P. 231 – 254 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.