Nuclear DNA C-values for biodiversity screening: Case of the Lebanese flora

REFERENCES

• AinsworthC, ParkerJ, HortonD. 1983. Chromosome variation and evolution in Scilla autumnalis. In: Bennett ePEBMD, editor. Kew chromosome conference II. London: Allen & Unwin. pp. 261–268.
   Google Scholar
• AkpinarN, BilalogluR. 1997. Cytological investigations of certain species of Vicia L. Turk J Bot21: 197–207.
   Google Scholar
• AlbachD, GreilhuberJ. 2004. Genome size variation and evolution in Veronica. Ann Bot (London)94: 897–911.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• APG III TAPG2009. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Bot J Linnean161: 105–121.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ArumuganathanK, EarleED. 1991. Nuclear DNA content of some important plant species. Plant Mol Biol Rep9: 208–218.
   Google Scholar
• BarekaP, MitsainasGP, ConstantinidisT, KamariG. 2008. PhytoKaryon: A karyological database of European and Mediterranean plants. Flora Mediterranea18: 109–116.
   Google Scholar
• BarlowPW, VosaCG. 1969. The chromosomes of Puschkinia libanotica during mitosis. Chromosoma27: 436–447.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BatemanR, PridgeonA, ChaseM. 1997. Phylogenetics of subtribe Orchidinae (Orchidoideae, Orchidaceae) based on nuclear ITS sequences. 2. Infrageneric relationships and reclassification to achieve monophyly of Orchis sensu stricto. Lindleyana12: 113–141.
   Google Scholar
• BediniG, GarbariF, PeruzziL. 2012. Chromosome number variation of the Italian endemic vascular flora. State-of-the-art, gaps in knowledge and evidence for an exponential relationship among even ploidy levels. Comp Cytogenet6: 191–211.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BennettM. 1987. Variation in genomic form in plants and its ecological implications. New Phytologist106: 177–200.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BennettMD, BhandolP, LeitchIJ. 2000. Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms and their modern uses – 807 new estimates. Ann Bot (London)86: 859–909.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BennettMD, LaurieD. 1995. Chromosome size in maize and Sorghum using EM serial section reconstructed nuclei. Maydica40: 199–204.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BennettMD, LeitchIJ. 2005. Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms: Progress, problems and prospects. Ann Bot (London)95: 45–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BennettMD, LeitchIJ. 2011. Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms: Targets, trends and tomorrow. Ann Bot (London)107: 467–590.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BennettM, SmithJ. 1976. Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Philos Trans R Soc London (Biol)274: 227–274.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BennettM, SmithJ. 1991. Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Philos Trans R Soc London (Biol)334: 309–345.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BernardosS, AmichF, GallegoF. 2003. Karyological and taxonomic notes on Ophrys (Orchidoideae, Orchidaceae) from the Iberian Peninsula. Bot J Linnean Soc142: 395–406.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BogunicF, MuratovicE, BallianD, Siljak-YakovlevS, BrownS. 2007. Genome size stability among five subspecies of Pinus nigra Arnold s.l. Environ Exper Bot59: 354–360.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bou Dagher-Karrat M, Abdel Samad N, Khater K, Siljak-Yakovlev S. 2007. La flore virtuelle du Liban. Available: http://www.lebanon-flora.org. Accessed Feb 2013 23.
   Google Scholar
• Bou Dagher-KharratM, GrenierG, BariteauM, BrownS, Siljak-YakovlevS, SavouréA. 2001. Karyotype analysis reveals interspecific differentiation in the Cedrus genus despite genome size and base composition constancy. Theor Appl Genet103: 846–854.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bou Dagher-KharratM, MarietteS, FadyB, LefevreF, GrenierG, PlomionC, et al. 2007. Geographical diversity and genetic relationships among Cedrus species assayed by AFLP. Tree Genet Genomes3: 275–285.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BrandhamP, WestJ. 1993. Correlation between nuclear DNA values and differing optimal ploidy levels in Narcissus, Hyacinthus and Tulipa cultivars. Genetica90: 1–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CastroviejoS. 1984. Números comosomàticos de plantas occidentals, 280–289. Anales Jard Bot Madrid40: 457–462.
   Google Scholar
• CatriceO, Coba de la PeñaT, BrownSC. 2006. Applications en biologie végétale: Contraintes, succès, espoirs. Chapter 12. In: RonotX, GrunwaldD, MayolJ-F, BoutonnatJ, editors. La cytométrie en flux. Paris: Tec & Doc – Lavoisier. pp. 235–253.
   Google Scholar
• ChaseM, HansonM, AlbertV, WhittenM, WilliamsN. 2005. Life history evolution and genome size in subtribe Oncidiinae (Orchidaceae). Ann Bot (London)95: 191–199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DarlingtonC. 1936. The internal mechanics of the chromosomes V. Relational coiling of chromatids at mitosis. Cytologia7: 248–255.
   Google Scholar
• DasA, MallickR. 1989. Variation in karyotype and nuclear DNA content in different varieties of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Cytologia54: 129–134.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De CastroO, BrulloS, ColomboP, JuryS, De LucaP, Di MaioA. 2012. Phylogenetic and biogeographical inferences for Pancratium (Amaryllidaceae), with an emphasis on the Mediterranean species based on plastid sequence data. Bot J Linnean Soc170: 12–28.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di SilvestroD, ArdenghiNMG, ParoloG. 2010. Il Progetto FOR-MARE, FORMAzione e Ricerca scientifica in aree marine protette: Stage di Ecologia marina e Geobotanica applicate. XIX Congresso del Gruppo per l'ecologia di Base G. GadioItaly: Olbia. pp. 21–23.
   Google Scholar
• DoleželJ, BartošJ. 2005. Plant DNA flow cytometry and estimation of nuclear genome size. Ann Bot (London)95: 99–110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DoleželJ, BartošJ, VoglmayrH, GreilhuberJ. 2003. Nuclear DNA content and genome size of trout and human. Cytometry51: 127–128.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• GacekP, GrzegorzG, AndrzejJ. 2011. Chromosome numbers and polyploidy in polish angiosperms. Acta Biol Cracov Bot53: 37–49.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GalbraithD, HarkinsK, MaddoxJ, AyresN, SharmaD, FiroozabayE. 1983. Rapid flow cytometric analysis of the cell cycle in intact plant tissues. Science220: 1049–1051.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GarciaS, GarnatjeT, KovaríkA. 2012. Plant rDNA database: Ribosomal DNA loci information goes online. Chromosoma121: 389–394.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GoldblattP, WalbotV, ZimmerEA. 1984. Estimation of genome size (C-value) in Iridaceae by cytophotometry. An Missouri Bot Gard71: 176–180.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GrassiF, CazzanigaE, MinutoL, PecceniniS, BarberisG, BassoB. 2005. Evaluation of biodiversity and conservation strategies in Pancratium maritimum L. for the NorthernTyrrhenian Sea. Biodiversity Conserv14: 2159–2169.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GreilhuberJ. 1977. Nuclear DNA and heterochromatin contents in the Scilla hohenackeri group, S. persica, and Puschkinia scilloides (Liliaceae). Plant Syst Evol128: 243–257.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GreilhuberJ, BorschT, MullerK, WorbergA, PorembskiS, BarthlottW. 2006. Smallest angiosperm genomes found in Lentibulariaceae with chromosomes of bacterial size. Plant Biol8: 770–777.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GreilhuberJ, EhrendorferF. 1975. Chromosome number and evolution in Ophrys (Orchidaceae). Plant Syst Evol124: 125–138.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GrimeJ. 1996. Testing predictions of the impacts of global change on terrestrial ecosystems. Asp Appl Biol45: 3–13.
   Google Scholar
• GrimeJ, MowforthM. 1982. Variation in genome size – An ecological interpretation. Nature299: 151–153.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GrimeJ, ShacklockJ, BandS. 1985. Nuclear DNA contents, shoot phenology and species co-existence in a limestone grassland community. New Phytol100: 435–445.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GrotkoppE, RejmánekM, SandersonMJ, RostTL. 2004. Evolution of genome size in pines (Pinus) and its life-history correlates: Supertree analyses. Evolution58: 1705–1729.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GuerraM. 2012. Cytotaxonomy: The end of childhood. Plant Biosyst146: 703–710.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanson L, Leitch I, Bennett M. 2005. Kew, Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens. Available: http://data.kew.org/cvalues/. Accessed Feb 2013 23.
   Google Scholar
• Jara-SeguelP, UrrutiaJ. 2012. Cytogenetics of Chilean angiosperms: Advances and prospects. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural85: 1–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khouzami M, Hayek A, Bassil M. 1996. Biological diversity of Lebanon. Comprehensive report, Beyrouth, Ministère de l'Agriculture.
   Google Scholar
• LeitchI, BeaulieuJ, CheungK, HansonL, LysakM, FayM. 2007. Punctuated genome size evolution in Liliaceae. J Evol Biol20(2296): 2308.
   Google Scholar
• LeitchI, BennettMD. 2004. Genome downsizing in polyploid plants. Biol J Linnean Soc82: 651–663.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeitchIJ, ChaseMW, BennettMD. 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of DNA C-values provides evidence for a small ancestral genome size in flowering plants. Ann Bot (London)82: 85–94.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeitchI, KahandawalaI, SudaJ, HansonL, IngrouilleMJ, ChaseMW, et al. 2009. Genome size diversity in orchids: Consequences and evolution. Ann Bot (London)104: 469–481.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lepers-AndrzejewskiS, Siljak-YakovlevS, BrownS, WongM, DronM. 2011. Diversity and dynamics of plant genome size: An example of polysomaty from a cytogenetic study of Tahitian vanilla (Vanilla × tahitensis, Orchidaceae). Am J Bot98: 986–997.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MarieD, BrownSC. 1993. A cytometric exercise in plant DNA histograms, with 2C values for 70 species. Biol Cell78: 41–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MédailF, DiademaK. 2009. Glacial refugia influence plant diversity patterns in the Mediterranean Basin. J Biogeogr36: 1333–1345.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MédailF, QuézelP. 1997. Hot-spots analysis for conservation of plant biodiversity in the Mediterranean. Ann Mo Bot Gard84: 112–127.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MouterdeP. 1984. Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie. Beyrouth: Impr. catholique.
   Google Scholar
• Mulry M. Available: http://data.kew.org/cvalues/. Accessed Feb 2013 231999.
   Google Scholar
• MuratovićE, BogunićF, ŠoljanD, Siljak-YakovlevS. 2005. Does Lilium bosniacum merit species rank? A classical and molecular-cytogenetic analysis. Plant Syst Evol252: 97–109.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MurrayB. 1985. Karyotypes and nuclear DNA amounts in Polypodium L. (Polypodiaceae). Bot J Linnean Soc90: 209–216.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NaganowskaB, WolkoB, SliwinskaE, KaczmarekZ. 2003. Nuclear DNA content variation and species relationships in the genus Lupinus (Fabaceae). Ann Bot (London)92: 349–355.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PellicerJ, FayMF, LeitchIJ. 2010. The largest eukaryotic genome of them all?Bot J Linnean Soc164: 10–15.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PeruzziL, IiritiG, FrignaniF. 2011. Contribution to the karyological knowledge of Mediterranean Romulea Species (Iridaceae). Folia Geobot46: 87–94.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PeruzziL, LeitchIJ, CaparelliKF. 2009. Chromosome diversity and evolution in Liliaceae. Ann Bot (London)103: 459–475.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PetitRJ, BrewerS, BordácsS, BurgK, CheddadiR, CoartE, et al. 2002. Identification of refugia and post-glacial colonisation routes of European white oaks based on chloroplast DNA and fossil pollen evidence. For Ecol Manage156: 49–74.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• QuézelP. 1995. La flore du bassin méditerranéen: Origine, mise en place, endémisme. Ecol Mediterr21: 19–39.
   Google Scholar
• RaunkierC. 1934. The life forms of plants and statistical plant geography. Clarendon: Oxford.
   Google Scholar
• ReesH, DurrantA. 1986. Recombination and genome size. Theor Appl Genet73: 72–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SandionigiA, GalimbertiA, LabraM, FerriE, PanunziE, De MattiaF, et al. 2012. Analytical approaches for DNA barcoding data – How to find a way for plants?Plant Biosyst146: 805–813.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SatoD. 1942. Karyotype alteration and phylogeny in Liliaceae and allied families. Jap J Bot12: 157–161.
   Google Scholar
• Siljak-YakovlevS, CerbahM, ZoldosV, GodelleB. 1998. Heterochromatin and rDNA organisation and evolution in the genus Reichardia. Cytogen Cell Genet81: 114.
   Google Scholar
• Siljak-YakovlevS, PeruzziL. 2012. Cytogenetic characterization of endemics: Past and future. Plant Biosyst146(3): 694–702.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SouthernD. 1967. Species relationships in genus Tulipa. Chromosoma23: 80–94.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TaberletP, FumagalliL, Wust-SaucyA-G, CossonJF. 1998. Comparative phylogeography and postglacial colonization routes in Europe. Mol Ecol7: 453–464.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TohméG, TohméH. 2004. Nouvelles plantes non citées dans la flore du Liban. Leb Sci J5: 109–114.
   Google Scholar
• TohméG, TohméH. 2007. Nouvelles plantes du Liban. Leb Sci J8: 131–137.
   Google Scholar
• TohméG, TohméH. 2008. Nouvelles plantes du Liban et redescription de certaines espèces. Leb Sci J9: 121–129.
   Google Scholar
• TzanoudakisD. 1983. Karyotypes of four wild Paeonia species from Greece. Nord J Bot3: 307–318.
   Google Scholar
• VerlaqueR, ContandriopoulosJ. 1990. Analyse des variations chromosomiques en région méditerranéenne: Polyploidie, différenciation et adaptation. Ecol Mediterr16: 93–112.
   Google Scholar
• WinkelmannT, SangwanR, SchwenkelH. 1998. Flow cytometric analyses in embryogenic and non-embryogenic callus lines of Cyclamen persicum Mill: Relation between ploidy level and competence for somatic embryogenesis. Plant Cell Report17: 400–404.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZederMA. 2008. Domestication and early agriculture in the Mediterranean Basin: Origins, diffusion, and impact. PNAS105: 11597–11604.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZoharyD. 1972. The wild progenitor and the place of origin of the cultivated lentil: Lens culinaris. Econ Bot26: 326–332.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZoharyD. 1996. The mode of domestication of the founder crops of Southwest Asian agriculture. In: Eurasia HarrisD, editor. Origins and spread of agriculture and pastoralism in Eurasia. London: University College London Press. pp. 142–158.
   Google Scholar
• ZonneveldB. 2008. The systematic value of nuclear DNA content for all species of Narcissus L. (Amaryllidaceae). Plant Syst Evol275: 109–132.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZonneveldB. 2010. New record holders for maximum genome size in eudicots and monocots. J Bot2010: 527357.
   Google Scholar
• ZonneveldBJM, LeitchIJ, BennettMD. 2005. First nuclear DNA amounts in more than 300 angiosperms. Ann Bot (London)96: 229–244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar