178
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Mediterranean karst springs: diatom biodiversity hotspots under the pressure of hydrological fluctuation and nutrient enrichment

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 673-684 | Received 17 Feb 2019, Accepted 25 Sep 2019, Published online: 25 Oct 2019

References

  • Angeli N, Cantonati M, Spitale D, Lange-Bertalot H. 2010. A comparison between diatom assemblages in two groups of carbonate, low-altitude springs with different levels of anthropogenic disturbances. Fottea10(1):115–128.
  • [APAT/IRSA–CNR] Agenzia per la protezione dell’ambiente e per i servizi tecnici/Istituto di Ricerca sulle Acque–Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. 2003. Metodi analitici per le acque. [Analytical methods for water]. Rome: I.G.E.R. srl. APAT, Rapporti 29/2003. ISBN 88-448-0083-7; [accessed 2016 Oct 07]. http://www.isprambiente.gov.it/it/pubblicazioni/manuali-e-linee-guida/metodi-analitici-per-le-acque.
  • [APHA] American Public Health Association. 1998. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 20th ed. Washington (DC): American Public Health Association.
  • Bakalowicz M. 2015. Karst and karst groundwater resources in the Mediterranean. Environ Earth Sci. 74(1):5–14.
  • Battegazzore M, Morisi A, Gallino B, Fenoglio S. 2004. Environmental quality evaluation of alpine springs in NW Italy using benthic diatoms. Diatom Res. 19(2):149–165.
  • Bertrand J, Renon J-P, Monnier O. 1999. Les diatomées des sources du rebord karstique de la Beauce de la région orléanaise. [Diatoms from springs of the karst rim of the Beauce in the Orleans region]. Symbioses, nouvelle Série 1:3–14.
  • Bolle HJ. 2003. Mediterranean climate: variability and trends. Berlin: Springer.
  • Bottazzi E, Bruno MC, Pieri V, Di Sabatino A, Silveri L, Carolli M, Rossetti G. 2011. Spatial and seasonal distribution of invertebrates in Northern Apennine rheocrene springs. J Limnol. 70:77–92. (Suppl. 1).
  • Cantonati M, Angeli N, Bertuzzi E, Spitale D, Lange-Bertalot H. 2012a. Diatoms in springs of the Alps: spring types, environmental determinants, and substratum. Freshw Sci. 31(2):499–524.
  • Cantonati M, Bertuzzi E, Scalfi A. 2010. CRENODAT (biodiversity assessment and integrity evaluation of springs of trentino (Italian Alps) and long-term ecological research): project design and preliminary results. In: Beheim E, Rajwar GS, Haigh M, Krecek J, editors. Integrated watershed management: Perspectives and problems. Dordrecht: Springer; New Delhi: Capital Publishing Company; p. 121–132.
  • Cantonati M, Füreder L, Gerecke R, Jüttner I, Cox EJ. 2012b. Crenic habitats, hotspots for freshwater biodiversity conservation: toward an understanding of their ecology. Freshw Sci. 31(2):463–480.
  • Cantonati M, Komárek J, Montejano G. 2015. Cyanobacteria in ambient springs. Biodivers Conserv. 24(4):865–888.
  • Cantonati M, Lange-Bertalot H. 2006. Achnanthidium dolomiticum sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta) from oligotrophic mountain springs and lakes fed by dolomite aquifers. J Phycol. 42(6):1184–1188.
  • Cantonati M, Lange-Bertalot H. 2009. Geissleria gereckei sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta) from leaf-litter covered stones of very shaded carbonate mountain springs with extremely low discharge. Phycol Res. 57:171–177.
  • Cantonati M, Lange-Bertalot H. 2010. Diatom biodiversity of springs in the Berchtesgaden National Park (northern Alps, Germany), with the ecological and morphological characterization of two species new to science. Diatom Res. 25(2):251–280.
  • Cantonati M, Rott E, Spitale D, Angeli N, Komárek J. 2012c. Are benthic algae related to spring types? Freshw Sci. 31:481–498.
  • Cantonati M, Spitale D. 2009. The role of environmental variables in structuring epiphytic and epilithic diatom assemblages in springs and streams of the Dolomiti Bellunesi National Park (south-eastern Alps). Fund App Lim. 174(2):117–133.
  • Cejudo-Figueiras C, Morales EA, Wetzel CE, Blanco S, Hoffmann L, Ector L. 2011. Analysis of the type of Fragilaria construens var. subsalina (Bacillariophyceae) and description of two morphologically related taxa from Europe and the United States. Phycologia 50(1):67–77.
  • Cox EJ. 1990. Studies on the algae of a small softwater stream. II. Algal standing crop (measured by chlorophyll-a) on soft and hard substrata. Arch Hydrobiol Suppl (Monographische Beiträge) 83(4):553–566.
  • Dedić A, Plenković-Moraj A, Borojević KK, Hafner D. 2015. The first report on periphytic diatoms on artificial and natural substrate in the karstic spring Bunica, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Acta Bot Croat. 74(2):393–406.
  • Delgado C, Ector L, Novais MH, Blanco S, Hoffmann L, Pardo I. 2013. Epilithic diatoms of springs and spring–fed streams in Majorca Island (Spain) with the description of a new diatom species Cymbopleura margalefii sp. nov. Fottea 13(2):87–104.
  • Dell’Uomo A. 1990. Chorological analysis of the algal flora of “Su Gologone” spring in Sardinia. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Biogeographical Aspects of Insularity; May 18-22; Rome (IT): Accademia Nazionale Dei Lincei. p. 417–427.
  • Dell’Uomo A. 2004. L’indice diatomico di eutrofizzazione/polluzione (EPI-D) nel monitoraggio delle acque correnti. Linee Guida. [The eutrophication/pollution index (EPI-D) in running water monitoring. Guidelines]. Agenzia per la Protezione dell’Ambiente e per i servizi Tecnici, Rome; [accessed 2018 Jul 07]. http://www.cisba.eu/attachments/article/75/IndiceEPI_D.pdf.
  • De Waele J. 2007. Impatto ambientale di attività antropiche sulle aree carsiche in Sardegna. [Environmental impact of human activities on karst areas in Sardinia]. Atti e Memorie della Commissione Grotte “E. Boegan.” Vol. 41; 28 Feb. Trieste (IT). p. 25–45.
  • De Waele J. 2008. Interaction between a dam site and karst springs: The case of Supramonte (Central-East Sardinia, Italy). Eng Geol. 99:128–137.
  • De Waele J, Murgia F. 2001. Le sorgenti e gli acquiferi carsici profondi della Sardegna. [Springs and deep karstic aquifers of Sardinia]. In: Bertocin M, Sistu G, editors. Acqua, Attori, Territorio. IV Seminario Europeo di Geografia Dell’Acqua “Conflitti per L’uso Dell’acqua in Ambito Mediterraneo. Cagliari (IT): Cooperativa Universitaria Editrice Cagliaritana; p. 131–136.
  • Falasco E, Bona F. 2011. Diatom community biodiversity in an Alpine protected area: a study in the Maritime Alps Natural Park. J Limnol. 70(2):157–167.
  • Fiorillo F, Stevanović Z. 2015. Introductory editorial thematic issue: Mediterranean karst hydrogeology. Environ Earth Sci. 74(1):1–3.
  • Foster S, Hirata R, Andreo B. 2013. The aquifer pollution vulnerability concept: aid or impediment in promoting groundwater protection? Hydrogeol J. 21(7):1389–1392.
  • Fránková M, Ková AP, Neustupa J, Pichrtová M, Marvan P. 2009. Geometric morphometrics – a sensitive method to distinguish diatom morphospecies: a case study on the sympatric populatons of Reimeria sinuata and Gomphonema tergestinum (Bacillaryophyceae) from the River Bečva, Czech Republic. Nova Hedw. 88(1–2):81–95.
  • Gerecke R, Cantonati M, Spitale D, Stur E, Wiedenbrug S. 2011. The challenges of long-term ecological research in springs in the northern and southern Alps: indicator groups, habitat diversity, and medium-term change. J Limnol. 70(Suppl 1):168–187.
  • Gesierich D, Kofler W. 2010. Epilithic diatoms from rheocrene springs in the eastern Alps (Vorarlberg, Austria). Diatom Res. 25(1):43–66.
  • Hofmann G. 1994. Aufwuchs-Diatomeen in Seen und ihre Eignung als Indikatoren der Trophie. [Growth diatoms in lakes and their suitability as indicators of trophism]. Bibliotheca Diatomologica 30. Berlin–Stuttgart: J. Cramer.
  • [IPCC] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2007. Climate Change 2007: the physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge (UK) and New York (USA): Cambridge University Press; [accessed 2018 Jul 07]. http://www.ipcc.ch/pubblicationsand_data/ar4/wg1/en/contents.html.
  • [ISPRA] Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale. 2014. Metodi biologici per le acque superficali interne. [Biological methods for inland surface waters]. Rome: Manuali e Linee Guida 111/2014; [accessed 2016 Oct 07]. http://admin.isprambiente.gov.it/it/pubblicazioni/manuali-e-linee-guida/metodi-biologici-per-le-acque-superficiali-interne.
  • Kadlubowska JZ. 1985. Untersuchungen der Stetigkeit der Diatomeengesellschaften aus der Salzquelle, den Limnokrenen und dem Moortümpel. [Studies of the continuity of the diatom communities from the salt spring, the limnocrenic and swamp ponds]. Verh Internat Verein Limnol. 22:2834–2837.
  • Kelly MG, Cazaubon A, Coring E, Dell'Uomo A, Ector L, Goldsmith B, Guasch H, Hürlimann J, Jarlman A, Kawecka B, et al. 1998. Recommendations for the routine sampling of diatoms for water quality assessments in Europe. J Appl Phycol. 10:215–224.
  • Krammer K, Lange-Bertalot H. 1986. Bacillariophyceae 1 Teil: Naviculaceae In: Ettl H, Gerloff J, Heynig H, Mollenhauer D, editors. Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa 2/1. Stuttgart, New York: Gustav Fischer Verlag.
  • Krammer K, Lange-Bertalot H. 1988. Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa 2/2. Stuttgart, New York: Gustav Fischer Verlag.
  • Krammer K, Lange-Bertalot H. 1991a. Bacillariophyceae 3 Teil: Centrales, Fragilariaceae, Eunotiaceae. Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa 2/3. Stuttgart, New York: Gustav Fischer Verlag.
  • Krammer K, Lange-Bertalot H. 1991b. Bacillariophyceae 4 Teil: Achnanthaceae, Kritische Ergänzungen zu Navicula (Lineolatae) und Gomphonema. Gesamtliteraturverzeichnis Teil 1–4. Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa 2/4. Stuttgart, New York: Gustav Fischer Verlag.
  • Krammer K, Lange-Bertalot H. 2000. Bacillariophyceae. Part 5: English and French translation of the keys. Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa 2/5. Heidelberg, Berlin: Spektrum Akademischer Verlag.
  • Lai GG, Ector L, Lugliè A, Sechi N, Wetzel CE. 2018a. Sellaphora gologonica sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta, Sellaphoraceae), a new diatom species from a Mediterranean karst spring (Sardinia, Italy). Phytotaxa 356(2):145–157.
  • Lai GG, Ector L, Wetzel CE, Sechi N, Lugliè A, Padedda BM. 2018b. Periphytic diatoms of the Mediterranean karst spring Sa Vena (Su Gologone system, Sardinia, Italy): relationships with environmental variables and effects of an extreme flash flood. Inland Waters 8(3):284–293.
  • Lai GG, Padedda BM, Wetzel CE, Cantonati M, Sechi N, Lugliè A, Ector L. 2019. Diatom assemblages from different substrates of the Casteldoria thermo-mineral spring (Northern Sardinia, Italy). Bot Lett. 166(1):14–31.
  • Lai GG, Padedda BM, Wetzel CE, Lugliè A, Sechi N, Ector L. 2015. Valutazione della qualità ambientale della sorgente carsica Su Gologone (Sardegna centro-orientale) mediante l’impiego delle diatomee epilitiche: primi risultati. [Evaluation of the environmental quality of the Su Gologone karst spring (central-eastern Sardinia) by the use of epilithic diatoms: first results]. Biol Ambient. 29(1):37–45.
  • Lai GG, Padedda BM, Wetzel CE, Lugliè A, Sechi N, Ector L. 2016. Epilithic diatom assemblages and environmental quality of the Su Gologone karst spring (central-eastern Sardinia, Italy). Acta Bot Croat. 75(1):129–143.
  • Lange-Bertalot H, Cavacini P, Tagliaventi N, Alfinito S. 2003. Diatoms of Sardinia. Rare and 76 new species in rock pools and other ephemeral waters. Iconographia Diatomologica 12. Ruggell: A.R.G. Gantner Verlag K.G.
  • Lange-Bertalot H, Hofmann G, Werum M, Cantonati M. 2017. Freshwater Benthic Diatoms of Central Europe: Over 800 Common Species Used in Ecological Assessment. English edition with updated taxonomy and added species. Schmitten-Oberreifenberg: Koeltz Botanical Books.
  • Lecointe C, Coste M, Prygiel J. 1993. “Omnidia”: software for taxonomy, calculation of diatom indices and inventories management. Hydrobiologia 269-270:509–513.
  • Letáková M, Fránková M, Poulíčková A. 2018. Ecology and applications of freshwater epiphytic diatoms – Review. Cryptogamie Algologie 39(1):3–22.
  • Menegalija T, Kosi G. 2008. Distribution of diatoms in springs in the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia). Natura Sloveniae 10(1):21–37.
  • Mogna M, Cantonati M, Andreucci F, Angeli N, Berta G, Miserere L. 2015. Diatom communities and vegetation of springs in the south-western Alps. Acta Bot Croat. 74(2):1–21.
  • Niedermayr R, Schagerl M. 2010. Structuring factors of the phytobenthos community along a mountain headwater (Kalkalpen National Park, Austria). Fund App Lim. 177(2):93–104.
  • Parise M, Gabrovsek F, Kaufmann G, Ravbar N. 2018. Recent advances in karst research: from theory to fieldwork and applications. Vol. 466. In: Parise M, Gabrovsek F, Kaufmann G, Ravbar N, editors. Advances in Karst Research: Theory, Fieldwork and Applications. London: Geological Society, Special Publications. SP466.26.
  • Pielou EC. 1975. Ecological diversity. New York (USA): Wiley.
  • Poulíčková A, Hájková P, Křenková P, Hájek M. 2004. Distribution of diatoms and bryophytes on linear transects through spring fens. Nova Hedw. 78(3–4):411–424.
  • Ravbar N, Kogovšek J, Pipan T. 2015. Environmental value and vulnerability of karst resources In: Zupan Hajna N, Ravbar N, Rubini J, Petri M, editors. Life and water on karst. Monitoring of transboundary water resources of Northern Istria. Ljubljana: Založba ZRC.
  • Rott E, Pfister P, Pipp E, Pall K, Binder N, Ortler K. 1999. Indikationslisten für Aufwuchsalgen in Fließgewässern. Teil 2. [Indication lists for growth algae in running waters. Part 2]. Wien: Bundesministerium Land- u. Forstwirtschaft, Wasserwirtschaftskataster.
  • Sabater S, Roca JR. 1990. Some factors affecting distribution of diatom assemblages in Pyrenean springs. Freshwater Biol. 24(3):493–507.
  • Sabater S, Roca JR. 1992. Ecological and biogeographical aspects of diatom distribution in Pyrenean springs. Br Phycol J. 27:203–213.
  • Sand-Jensen K, Borum J. 1984. Epiphyte shading and its effect on photosynthesis and diel metabolism of Lobelia dortmanna L. during the spring bloom in a Danish lake. Aquat Bot. 20(1–2):109–119.
  • Shannon CE, Weaver W. 1949. The mathematical theory of communication. Urbana and Chicago (US): University of Illinois Press.
  • Soininen J, Eloranta P. 2004. Seasonal persistence and stability of diatom communities in rivers: are there habitat specific differences? Eur J Phycol. 39(2):153–160.
  • Solak CN, Barinova S, Ács É, Dayıoğlu H. 2012. Diversity and ecology of diatoms from Felent creek (Sakarya river basin), Turkey. Turk J Bot. 36:191–203.
  • Stevanović Z. 2015. Karst aquifers - characterization and engineering. Cham (CH): Springer International Publishing.
  • Strickland JDH, Parsons TR. 1972. A practical handbook of seawater analysis. Bulletin 167. Ottawa: Fisheries Research Board of Canada.
  • Taxböck L, Linder HP, Cantonati M. 2017. To what extent are Swiss springs refugial habitats for sensitive and endangered diatom taxa? Water 9(12):967.
  • ter Braak CJF, Šmilauer P. 2002. CANOCO reference manual and CanoDraw for windows user’s guide: software for canonical community ordination (version 4.5). New York (US): Ithaca (NY): Microcomputer Power.
  • Tornés E, Ruhí A. 2013. Flow intermittency decreases nestedness and specialisation of diatom communities in Mediterranean rivers. Freshw Biol. 58(12):2555–2566.
  • Torrisi M, Dell’Uomo A. 2009. Diatomee bentoniche del corso superiore di alcuni fiumi centro-appenninici. [Benthic diatoms of the upper reaches of some central-Apennine rivers]. Studi Trent Sci Nat. 84:139–151.
  • Trobej M, Bednar J-P, Waringer J, Schagerl M. 2017. Algal communities of spring-associated limestone habitats. Aquat Microb Ecol. 80:61–75.
  • Van Dam H, Mertens A, Sinkeldam J. 1994. A coded checklist and ecological indicator values of freshwater diatoms from The Netherlands. Neth J Aquatic Ecol. 28:117–133.
  • Wehr JD, Sheath RG. 2015. Habitats of freshwater algae. In: Wehr JD, Sheath RG, Kociolek JP, editors. Freshwater algae of North America: ecology and classification. London (UK): Academic Press. p. 13–74.
  • Werum M. 2001. Die Kieselalgengesellschaften in Quellen. Abhängigkeit von Geologie und anthropogener Beeinflussung in Hessen (Bundesrepublik Deutschland). [The diatom associations in springs. Dependence on geology and anthropogenic influence in Hesse (Federal Republic of Germany)]. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Landesamt Fur Umwelt Und Geologie.
  • Werum M, Lange-Bertalot H. 2004. Diatomeen in Quellen unter hydrogeologischen und anthropogenen Einflüssen in Mitteleuropa und anderen Regionen. [Diatoms in springs under hydrogeological and anthropogenic influences in Central Europe and other regions]. Iconographia Diatomologica 13. Ruggell: A.R.G. Gantner Verlag K.G.
  • Wetzel CE, Ector L, Van de Vijver B, Compère P, Mann DG. 2015. Morphology, typification and critical analysis of some ecologically important small naviculoid species (Bacillariophyta). Fottea 15(2):203–234.
  • Winkler LW. 1888. Die Bestimmung des in Wasser gelösten Sauerstoffen. [The determination of dissolved oxygen in water]. Ber Dtsch Chem Ges. 21:2843–2855.
  • Wojtal AZ. 2013. Species composition and distribution of diatom assemblages in spring waters from various geological formations in southern Poland. Bibliotheca Diatomologica 59. Stuttgart: J. Cramer.
  • Wojtal AZ, Sobczyk Ł. 2012. The influence of substrates and physicochemical factors on the composition of diatom assemblages in karst springs and their applicability in water-quality assessment. Hydrobiologia 695(1):97–108.
  • Żelazna-Wieczorek J. 2011. Diatom flora in springs of Lódź Hills (Central Poland). Biodiversity, taxonomy, and temporal changes of episammic diatom assemblages in springs affected by human impact. Diatom Monographs 13. Ruggell, Liechtenstein: A.R.G. Gantner.
  • Žutinić P, Petrić I, Gottstein S, Udovič MG, Borojević KK, Kamberović J, Kolda A, Plenković-Moraj A, Ternjej I. 2018. Microbial mats as shelter microhabitat for amphipods in an intermittent karstic spring. Knowl Manag Aquat Ecosyst. 419(7).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.