Role of mycorrhizal fungi in improving the tolerance of melon (Cucumus melo) under two water deficit partial root drying and regulated deficit irrigation

References

• Abbaspour H, Saeidi-Sar S, Afshari H, Abdel-Wahhab MA. 2012. Tolerance of Mycorrhiza infected Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) seedling to drought stress under glasshouse conditions. J Plant Physiol. 169(7):704–709. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2012.01.014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdel-Salam E, Al-Atar A, El-Sheikh MA. 2018. Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alleviates harmful effects of drought stress on damask rose. Saudi J Biol Sci. 25(8):1772–1780.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aganchich B, Tahi H, Wahbi S, El Modaffar C, Serraj R. 2007. Growth, water relations and antioxidant defence mechanisms of olive (Olea europaea L.) subjected to Partial Root Drying (PRD) and Regulated Deficit Irrigation (RDI). Plant Biosyst. 141(2):252–264.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aganchich B, Wahbi S, El Modafar C. 2013. Physiological and biochemical changes induced by PRD irrigation in four olive varieties. J Agr Sci Technol B. 3:344–357.
   Google Scholar
• Ahanger MA, Agarwal RM. 2017. Potassium up-regulates antioxidant metabolism and alleviates growth inhibition under water and ­osmotic stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L). Protoplasma. 254(4):1471–1486.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ait-El-Mokhtar M, Ben Laouane R, Anli M, Boutasknit A, Wahbi S, Meddich A. 2019. Use of mycorrhizal fungi in improving tolerance of the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) seedlings to salt stress. Sci Hortic. 253:429–438.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anli M, Baslam M, Tahiri A, Raklami A, Symanczik S, Boutasknit A, Ait-El-Mokhtar M, Ben-Laouane R, Toubali S, Ait Rahou Y, et al. 2020. Biofertilizers as strategies to improve photosynthetic apparatus, growth, and drought stress tolerance in the date palm. Front Plant Sci. 11:516818. 2020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnon DI. 1949. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiol. 24(1):1–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aroca R, Vernieri P, Ruiz-Lozano JM. 2008. Mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal Lactuca sativa plants exhibit contrasting responses to exogenous ABA during drought stress and recovery. J Exp Bot. 59(8):2029–2041.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashraf M, Akram NA, Al-Qurainy F, Foolad MR. 2011. Drought tolerance. Roles of organic osmolytes. Growth regulators, and mineral nutrients, 1st ed. Adv Agron. 111:249–296.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Augé RM, Toler HD, Saxton AM. 2016. Mycorrhizal stimulation of leaf gas exchange in relation to root colonization, shoot size, leaf phosphorus and nitrogen: A quantitative analysis of the literature using meta-regression. Front Plant Sci. 7:1084.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Augé RM. 2001. Water relations, drought and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Mycorrhiza. 11(1):3–42.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrs H, Weatherley P. 1962. A re-examination of the relative turgidity technique for estimating water deficits in leaves. Aust J Bio Sci. 15(3):413.
   Google Scholar
• Baslam M, Garmendia I, Goicoechea N. 2011. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) improved growth and nutritional quality of greenhouse-grown Lettuce. J Agric Food Chem. 59(10):5504–5515.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baslam M, Goicoechea N. 2012. Water deficit improved the capacity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) for inducing the accumulation of antioxidant compounds in lettuce leaves. Mycorrhiza. 22(5):347–359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baslam M, Qaddoury A, Goicoechea N. 2014. Role of native and exotic mycorrhizal symbiosis to develop morphological, physiological and biochemical responses coping with water drought of date palm, Phoenix dactylifera. Trees. 28(1):161–172.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bates LS, Aldren RP, Teare LD. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant Soil. 39(1):205–207.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Begum N, Ahanger MA, Su Y, Lei Y, Mustafa NSA, Ahmad P, Zhang L. 2019. Improved drought tolerance by AMF inoculation in Maize (Zea mays) involves physiological and biochemical implications. Plants. 8(12):579.
   Google Scholar
• Ben Laouane R, Meddich A, Bechtaoui N, Oufdou K, Wahbi S. 2019. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobia symbiosis on the tolerance of Medicago Sativa to salt stress. Gesunde Pflanz. 71(2):135–146.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berdai H, Karrou M, Chati M, Boutfirass M, Bekaoui A. 2011. Irrigation water management in Morocco: a review. Improving water and land productivities in rainfed systems. Community-Based Optimization of the Management of Scarce Water Resources in Agriculture in CWANA. 8:11. Aleppo, Syria: International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA).
   Google Scholar
• Bitterlich M, Franken P, Graefe J. 2018. Arbuscular mycorrhiza improves substrate hydraulic conductivity in the plant available moisture range under root growth exclusion. Front Plant Sci. 9:301.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boutasknit A, Baslam M, Ait-el-Mokhtar M, Anli M, Ben-Laouane R, Douira A, El Modafar C, Mitsui T, Wahbi S, Meddich A. 2020. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi mediate drought tolerance and recovery in two contrasting carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) ecotypes by regulating stomatal, water relations, and (In)Organic adjustments. Plants. 9(1):80.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradford MM. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem. 72:248–254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centritto M, Wahbi S, Serraj R, Chaves MM. 2005. Effects of partial rootzone drying (PRD) on adult olive tree (Olea europaea) in field conditions under arid climate: II. Photosynthetic responses. Agr Ecosyst Environ. 106(2–3):303–311.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen S, Zhao H, Zou C, Li Y, Chen Y, Wang Z, Jiang Y, Liu A, Zhao P, Wang M, et al. 2017. Combined inoculation with multiple arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improves growth, nutrient uptake and photosynthesis in cucumber seedlings. Front Microbiol. 8:2516.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daniels BA, Trappe JM. 1980. Factors affecting spore germination of the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus epigaeus. Mycologia. 72(3):457–471.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies WJ, Wilkinson S, Loveys B. 2002. Stomatal control by chemical signalling and the exploitation of this mechanism to increase water use efficiency in agriculture. New Phytol. 153(3):449–460.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diagne N, Ngom M, Djighaly PI, Fall D, Hocher V, Svistoonoff S. 2020. Roles of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on plant growth and performance: Importance in biotic and abiotic stressed regulation. Diversity. 12(10):370.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubois M, Gilles KA, Hamilton JK, Rebers PA, Smith F. 1956. Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Anal Chem. 28(3):350–356.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duo LA, Liu CX, Zhao SL. 2018. Alleviation of drought stress in turfgrass by the combined application of nano-compost and microbes from compost. Russ J Plant Physiol. 65(3):419–426.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egerton-Warburton LM, Querejeta JI, Allen MF. 2007. Common mycorrhizal networks provide a potential pathway for the transfer of hydraulically lifted water between plants. J Exp Bot. 58(6):1473–1483.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fader M, Shi S, Von Bloh W, Bondeau A, Cramer W. 2016. Mediterranean irrigation under climate change: More efficient irrigation needed to compensate for increases in irrigation water requirements. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci. 20(2):953–973.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finlay RD, Lindahl BD, Taylor AFS. 2008. Responses of mycorrhizal fungi to stress. Br Mycol Soc Symp Ser. 27:201–219.
   Google Scholar
• Frosi G, Barros VA, Oliveira MT, Santos M, Ramos DG, Maia LC, Santos MG. 2016. Symbiosis with AMF and leaf Pi supply increases water deficit tolerance of woody species from seasonal dry tropical forest. J Plant Physiol. 207:84–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghafari H, Hassanpour H, Jafari M, Besharat S. 2020. Physiological, biochemical and gene-expressional responses to water deficit in apple subjected to partial root-zone drying (PRD). Plant Physiol Biochem. 148:333–346.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Girousse C, Bournoville R, Bonnemain J. 1996. Water deficit-induced changes in concentrations in proline and some other amino acids in the phloem sap of alfalfa. Plant Physiol. 111(1):109–113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goicoechea N, Garmendia I, Sánchez-Díaz M, Aguirreolea J. 2010. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) as bioprotector agents against wilt induced by Verticillium spp. in pepper: a review. Span J Agric Res. 8(S1):25–42.
   Google Scholar
• Gowing G, Davies W, Jones H. 1990. A positive root-sourced signal as an indicator of soil drying in apple, Malus xdomestica Borkh. G. J Exp Bot. 41(12):1535–1540.
   Google Scholar
• Grümberg BC, Urcelay C, Shroeder MA, Vargas-Gil S, Luna CM. 2015. The role of inoculum identity in drought stress mitigation by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soybean. Biol Fertil Soils. 51(1):1–10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hart M, Ehret DL, Krumbein A, Leung C, Murch S, Turi C, Franken P. 2015. Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improves the nutritional value of tomatoes. Mycorrhiza. 25(5):359–376.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hashem A, Abd-Allah EF, Alqarawi AA, Egamberdieva D. 2016. Bioremediation of adverse impact of cadmium toxicity on Cassia italica Mill by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Saudi J Biol Sci. 23(1):39–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosseinzadeh SR, Amiri H, Ismaili A. 2016. Effect of vermicompost fertilizer on photosynthetic characteristics of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under drought stress. Photosynt. 54(1):87–92.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hashem A, Abd_allah EF, Alqarawi AA, Malik JA, Wirth S, Egamberdieva D. 2019. Role of calcium in AMF-mediated alleviation of the adverse impacts of cadmium stress in Bassia indica [Wight] A.J. Scott. Saudi J Biol Sci. 26(4):828–838. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.11.003.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Huang Z, Zou Z, He C, He Z, Zhang Z, Li J. 2011. Physiological and photosynthetic responses of melon (Cucumis melo L.) seedlings to three Glomus species under water deficit. Plant Soil. 339(1–2):391–399.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hueso S, Hernández T, García C. 2011. Resistance and resilience of the soil microbial biomass to severe drought in semiarid soils: the ­importance of organic amendments. Appl Soil Ecol. 50:27–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutton R. 2000. Improving the water use efficiency of citrus at Yanco Agricultural Institute. Farmers’ Newsletter. Horticulture. 184:47–49.
   Google Scholar
• Iqbal N, Umar S, Khan NA. 2015. Nitrogen availability regulates proline and ethylene production and alleviates salinity stress in mustard (Brassica juncea). J Plant Physiol. 178:84–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang S, Hu X, Du T, Zhang J, Jerie P. 2003. Transpiration coefficient and ratio of transpiration to evapotranspiration of pear tree (Pyrus communis L.) under alternative partial root-zone drying conditions. Hydrol Process. 17(6):1165–1176.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kavas M, Baloğlu MC, Akça O, Köse FS, Gökçay D. 2013. Effect of drought stress on oxidative damage and antioxidant enzyme activity in melon seedlings. Turk J Biol. 37:491–498.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keunen E, Peshev D, Vangronsveld J, Van Den Ende W, Cuypers A. 2013. Plant sugars are crucial players in the oxidative challenge during abiotic stress: Extending the traditional concept. Plant Cell Environ. 36(7):1242–1255.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krishna MSR, Lakshmisahitya U, Sravani CL, Sandhya RN, Tabitha K, Akshitha BV. 2018. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis alters morphological and biochemical indices in hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) under drought stress. Int J Green Pharm. 12:75–81.
   Google Scholar
• Kușvuran Ș, Dașgan H, Abak K. 2011. Responses of different melon genotypes to drought stress. Yüzüncü Yil Üniv. J Agric Sci. 21:209–219.
   Google Scholar
• Kusvuran S. 2012. Effects of drought and salt stresses on growth, stomatal conductance, leaf water and osmotic potentials of melon genotypes (Cucumis melo L.). Afr J Agric Res. 7:775–781.
   Google Scholar
• Lee B, Jin YL, Avice J, Cliquet J, Ourry A, Kim T, Kim T. 2009. Increased proline loading to phloem and its effects on nitrogen uptake and assimilation in water-stressed white clover (Trifolium repens). New Phytol. 182(3):654–663.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lester G. 1996. Melon (Cucumis melo L.) fruit nutritional quality and health functionality. HortSci. 31(4):693c–6702.
   Google Scholar
• Liu C, Ravnskov S, Liu F, Rubaek GH, Andersen MN. 2018. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alleviate abiotic stresses in potato plants caused by low phosphorus and deficit irrigation/partial root-zone drying. J Agric Sci. 156(1):46–58.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu F, Song R, Zhang X, Shahnazari A, Andersen MN, Plauborg F, Jacobsen SE, Jensen CR. 2008. Measurement and modelling of ABA signalling in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) during partial root-zone drying. Environ Exp Bot. 63(1–3):385–391.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loveys B, Stoll M, Dry P, McCarthy M. 1998. Partial rootzone drying stimulates stress responses in grapevine to improve water use efficiency while maintaning crop yield and quality. agris.fao.org.
   Google Scholar
• Mathur S, Jajoo A. 2020. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi protects maize plants from high temperature stress by regulating photosystem II heterogeneity. Ind Crop Prod. 143:111934.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathur S, Singh R, Anjana T. 2019. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) protects photosynthetic apparatus of wheat under drought stress. Photosynth Res. 139(1–3):227–238.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattar MA, El-Abedin TKZ, Alazba AA, Al-Ghobari HM. 2020. Soil water status and growth of tomato with partial root-zone drying and deficit drip irrigation techniques. Irrig Sci. 38(2):163–176.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meddich A, Elouaqoudi F, Khadra A, Bourzik W. 2016. Valorization of green and industrial waste by composting process. J Rev Compos Adv Mater. 26:451–469.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meddich A, Jaiti F, Bourzik W, El Asli A, Hafid M. 2015. Use of mycorrhizal fungi as a strategy for improving the drought tolerance in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera). Sci Hortic. 192:468–474.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meddich A, Oihabi A, Abbas Y, Bizid E. 2000. Rôle des champignons mycorhiziens à arbuscules de zones arides dans la résistance du trèfle (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) au déficit hydrique. Agronomie. 20(3):283–295.
   Google Scholar
• Mingo DM, Bacon MA, Davies WJ. 2003. Non-hydraulic regulation of fruit growth in tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Solairo) growing in drying soil. J Exp Bot. 54(385):1205–1212.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mo Y, Wang Y, Yang R, Zheng J, Liu C, Li H, Ma J, Zhang Y, Wei C, Zhang X. 2016. Regulation of plant growth, photosynthesis, antioxidation and osmosis by an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus in watermelon seedlings under well-watered and drought conditions. Front Plant Sci. 7:644.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molle F, Tanouti O. 2017. Squaring the circle : Agricultural intensification vs. water conservation in Morocco. Agric Water Manage J. 192:170–179.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ouledali S, Ennajeh M, Ferrandino A, Khemira H, Schubert A, Secchi F. 2019. Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation on the control of stomata functioning by abscisic acid (ABA) in drought-stressed olive plants. S Afr J Bot. 121:152–158.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oyewole BO, Olawuyi OJ, Odebode AC, Abiala MA. 2017. Influence of Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) on drought tolerance and charcoal rot disease of cowpea. Biotechnol Rep (Amst). 14:8–15.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pandey BR, Burton WA, Salisbury PA, Nicolas ME. 2017. Comparison of osmotic adjustment, leaf proline concentration, canopy temperature and root depth for yield of juncea canola under terminal drought. J Agro Crop Sci. 203(5):397–405.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petkova B, Kuzmova K, Berova M. 2019. The main abiotic stress factors limiting crop cultivation and production in Bulgaria. Climate changes, drought, water deficit and heat stress. Agric Sci/Agrarni Nauki. 11:13–22.
   Google Scholar
• Phillips JM, Hayman DS. 1970. Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection. Trans Br Mycol Soc. 55:18–29.
   Google Scholar
• Qi D, Hu T, Niu X. 2017. Responses of root growth and distribution of maize to nitrogen application patterns under partial root-zone irrigation. Int J Plant Prod. 11:209–224.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quiroga G, Erice G, Aroca R, Chaumont F, Ruiz-Lozano JM. 2019. Contribution of the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis to the regulation of radial root water transport in maize plants under water deficit. Environ Exp Bot. 167:103821.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quiroga G, Erice G, Aroca R, Zamarreño ÁM, García-Mina JM, Ruiz-Lozano JM. 2020. Radial water transport in arbuscular mycorrhizal maize plants under drought stress conditions is affected by indole-acetic acid (IAA) application. J Plant Physiol. 246–247:153115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rad M, Ghasemi M, Koohpayegani J. 2017. Evaluation of melon (Cucumis melo L.) genotypes aiming effective selection of parents for breeding directed at high yield under drought stress condition. J Hortic Res. 25:125–134.
   Google Scholar
• Ren AT, Zhu Y, Chen YL, Ren HX, Li JY, Kay Abbott L, Xiong YC. 2019. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus alters root-sourced signal (abscisic acid) for better drought acclimation in Zea mays L. seedlings. Environ Exp Bot. 167:103824.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rentsch D, Hirner B, Schmelzer E, Frommer WB. 1996. Salt stress-induced proline transportem and salt stress-repressed broad specificity amino acid permeases ldentified by suppression of a yeast amino acid permease-targeting mutant. Plant Cell. 8(8):1437–1446.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez RJ, Redman RS, Henson JM. 2004. The role of fungal symbioses in the adaptation of plants to high stress environment. Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Chang. 9(3):261–272.
   Google Scholar
• Sharp RE, Hsiao TC, Silk WK. 1990. Growth of the maize primary root at low water Potentials : II. Role of growth and deposition of hexose and potassium in osmotic adjustment. Plant Physiol. 93(4):1337–1346.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shu LZ, Liu R, Min W, Wang YS, Hong-Mei Y, Zhu PF, Zhu JR. 2020. Regulation of soil water threshold on tomato plant growth and fruit quality under alternate partial root-zone drip irrigation. Agric Water Manage. 238:106200.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun D, Li K, Bi Q, Zhu J, Zhang Q, Jin C, Lu L, Lin X. 2017. Effects of organic amendment on soil aggregation and microbial community composition during drying-rewetting alternation. Sci Total Environ. 574:735–743. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Surendran U, Anagha B, Raja P, Kumar V, Rajan K, Jayakumar M. 2019. Analysis of drought from humid, semi-arid and arid regions of India using DrinC Model with different drought indices. Water Resour Manage. 33(4):1521–1540.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tahi H, Wahbi S, Wakrim R, Aganchich B, Serraj R, Centritto M. 2007. Plant biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology: Official Journal of the Societa Botanica Italiana Water relations, photosynthesis, growth and water- use efficiency in tomato plants subjected to partial rootzone dr. Plant Biosyst. 141(2):265–274.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tobar RM, Azcón R, Barea JM. 1994. The improvement of plant N acquisition from an ammonium-treated, drought-stressed soil by the fungal symbiont in arbuscular mycorrhizae. Mycorrhiza. 4(3):105–108.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trouvelot A, Kough J, Gianinazzi-Pearson V. 1986. Evaluation of VA infection levels in root systems. Research for estimation methods having a functional significance. In: Gianinazzi-Pearson V, Gianinazzi S, editors. Physiological and Genetical Aspects of Mycorrhizae.  Paris: INRA-Press; p. 217–221.
   Google Scholar
• Wahbi S, Wakrim R, Aganchich B, Tahi H, Serraj R. 2005. Effects of partial rootzone drying (PRD) on adult olive tree (Olea europaea) in field conditions under arid climate: I. Physiological and agronomic responses. Agric Ecosyst Environ. 106(2–3):289–301.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wakrim R, Wahbi S, Tahi H, Aganchich B, Serraj R. 2005. Comparative effects of partial root drying (PRD) and regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) on water relations and water use efficiency in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Agric Ecosyst Environ. 106(2–3):275–287.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Liu F, Jensen LS, de Neergaard A, Jensen CR. 2013. Alternate partial root-zone irrigation improves fertilizer-N use efficiency in tomatoes. Irrig Sci. 31(4):589–598.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu HH, Zou YN, Rahman MM, Ni QD, Wu QS. 2017. Mycorrhizas alter sucrose and proline metabolism in trifoliate orange exposed to drought stress. Sci Rep. 7:1–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu Q, Zou Y, He X. 2011. Differences of hyphal and soil phosphatase activities in drought-stressed mycorrhizal trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) seedlings. Sci Hortic. 129(2):294–298.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu QS, Srivastava AK, Zou YN. 2013. AMF-induced tolerance to drought stress in citrus: A review. Sci Hortic. 164:77–87.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu QS, Xia RX, Zou YN, Wang GY. 2007. Osmotic solute responses of mycorrhizal citrus (Poncirus trifoliata) seedlings to drought stress. Acta Physiol Plant. 29(6):543–549.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu QS, Xia RX. 2006. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi influence growth, osmotic adjustment and photosynthesis of citrus under well-watered and water stress conditions. J Plant Physiol. 163(4):417–425.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu H, Lian Qin F, Xu Q, Tan J, Liu G. 2011. Applications of xerophytophysiology in plant production - The potato crop improved by partial root zone drying of early season but not whole season. Sci Hortic. 129(4):528–534.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yactayo W, Ramírez DA, Gutiérrez R, Mares V, Posadas A, Quiroz R. 2013. Effect of partial root-zone drying irrigation timing on potato tuber yield and water use efficiency. Agric Water Manage. 123:65–70.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yooyongwech S, Samphumphuang T, Tisarum R, Theerawitaya C, Cha-Um S. 2016. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) improved water deficit tolerance in two different sweet potato genotypes involves osmotic adjustments via soluble sugar and free proline. Sci Hortic. 198:107–117.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Z, Zhang J, Huang Y. 2014. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the drought tolerance of Cyclobalanopsis glauca seedlings under greenhouse conditions. New Forest. 45(4):545–556.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao R, Guo W, Bi N, Guo J, Wang L, Zhao J, Zhang J. 2015. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi affect the growth, nutrient uptake and water status of maize (Zea mays L.) grown in two types of coal mine spoils under drought stress. Appl Soil Ecol. 88:41–49.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu XC, Song FB, Liu SQ, Liu TD, Zhou X. 2012. Arbuscular mycorrhizae improves photosynthesis and water status of Zea mays L. under drought stress. Plant Soil Environ. 58(4):186–191.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar