Micromorphological characterization of seeds of dicot angiosperms from the Thal desert (Pakistan)

References

• Abdel Khalik K, Osman AK. 2007. Seed morphology of some species of Convolvulaceae from Egypt (Identification of species and systematic significance). Feddes Repert. 118(1–2):24–37.
   Google Scholar
• Abdel Khalik K, Hassan NMS. 2012. Seed and trichome morphology of the Egyptian Fagonia (Zygophyllaceae) with emphasis on their systematic implications. Nord J Bot. 30(1):116–126.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abid R, Qaiser M. 2015. Cypsela morphology of Lactuca L. and its allied genera (Cichoreae-Asteraceae) from Pakistan and Kashmir. Pak J Bot. 47(5):1937–1955.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aboulela MA, El-Karemy ZA, Hosni HA, Saleh SM, Faried AM. 2021. Taxonomic implications of seed morphology and storage proteins in three tribes of the subfamily Papilionoideae (Fabaceae) in Egypt. Phytotaxa. 484(1):75–95.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmad S, Zafar M, Ahmad M, Ali MI, Sultana S, Rashid N, Butt MA, Shah SN, Ozdemir FA, Kutlu MA, et al. 2020. Seed morphology using SEM techniques for identification of useful grasses in Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan. Microsc Res Tech. 83(3):249–258.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alam F, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Shinwari M, Luqman M, Novruz NE, Sultana S, Ullah F, Ahmad M. 2019. Intraspecific variation in spermoderm pattern of tribe Acacieae (Mimosoideae) using scanning electron microscopy techniques. Microsc Res Tech. 82(2):114–121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Ghamdi FA, Al-Zahrani RM. 2010. Seed morphology of some species of Tephrosia Pers. (Fabaceae) from Saudi Arabia Identification of species and systematic significance. Feddes Repert. 121(1–2):59–65.
   Google Scholar
• Ali MES, Amar MH. 2020. A systematic revision of Capparaceae and Cleomaceae in Egypt: an evaluation of the generic delimitations of Capparis and Cleome using ecological and genetic diversity. J Gene Eng Biotechnol. 18(1):1–15.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Araii FE, Keshavarzi M, Sheidaii M, Ghadam P. 2011. Fruit and seed morphology of the Fumaria L. species (Papaveraceae) of Iran. Turk J Bot. 35(2):167–173.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arshad S, Ahmad M, Saboor A, Ibrahim FH, Mustafa MRU, Zafar M, Ashfaq S. 2019. Role of trees in climate change and their authentication through scanning electron microscopy. Microsc Res Tech. 82(2):92–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayaz S, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Ali MI, Sultana S, Mustafa MRU, Kilic O, Çobanoğlu DN, Demirpolat A, Ghani A, et al. 2020. Taxonomic significance of cypsela morphology in tribe Cichoreae (Asteraceae) using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Microsc Res Tech. 83(3):239–248.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aziz A, Ahmad M, Ullah R, Bari A, Khan MY, Zafar M, Sultana S, Ameen M, Anar M. 2021. Microscopic techniques for characterization and authentication of oil-yielding seeds. Microsc Res Tech. 85(3):900–916.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beier BA, Nylander JAA, Chase MW, Thulin M. 2004. Phylogenetic relationships and biogeography of the desert plant genus Fagonia (Zygophyllaceae), inferred by parsimony and Bayesian model averaging. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 33(1):91–108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cervantes E, Martín JJ, Saadaoui E. 2016. Updated methods for seed shape analysis. Scientifica. 2016:1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Chaudhari SK, Arshad M, Ahmed E, Mustafa G, Fatima S, Akhtar S, Amjad MS. 2013. Ethnobotanical evaluation of grasses from Thal Desert, Pakistan. Archives Des Sci. 66(5):248–255.
   Google Scholar
• Cheema SI, Ahmad M, Ullah R, Mothana RA, Noman OM, Zafar M, Sultana S, Hameed A, Naz S, Akhtar MT. 2021. Implication, visualization, and characterization through scanning electron microscopy as a tool to identify nonedible oil seeds. Microsc Res Tech. 84(3):379–393.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Commander LE, Golos PJ, Miller BP, Merritt DJ. 2017. Seed germination traits of desert perennials. Plant Ecol. 218(9):1077–1091.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corner EJH. 1976. The Seeds of Dicotyledons: Volume 1. Cambridge: University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Danin A, Buldrini F, Bandini MM, Bosi G, Caria MC, Dandria D, Lanfranco E, Mifsud S, Bagella S. 2016. Diversification of Portulaca oleracea L. complex in the Italian peninsula and adjacent islands. Bot Lett. 163(3):261–272.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davitashvili N, Karrer G. 2010. Taxonomic importance of seed morphology in Gentiana (Gentianaceae). Bot J Linnean Soc. 162(1):101–115.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dawood S, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Ali MI, Ahmad K, Sultana S, Usma A, Nazish M, Butt MA, Ozdemir FA, et al. 2020. Identification of novel nonedible oil seeds via scanning electron microscopy for biodiesel production. Microsc Res Tech. 83(2):165–175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Queiroz RT, de Azevedo Tozzi AMG, Lewis GP. 2013. Seed morphology: an addition to the taxonomy of Tephrosia (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae, Millettieae) from South America. Plant Syst Evol. 299(2):459–470.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekici M, Yuzbasioglu D, Aytac Z. 2004. Morphology, pollen, seed structure and karyological study on Astragalus ovalis Boiss. and Balansa (Sect. Ammodendron) in Turkey. International J of Botany. 1(1):74–78.
   Google Scholar
• Fagúndez J, Izco J. 2003. Seed morphology of Erica L. sect. Chlorocodon Bentham. Acta Botanica Gallica. 150(4):401–410.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fatima A, Zafar M, Ahmad M, Yaseen G, Sultana S, M G, Khan AM. 2018. Scanning electron microscopy as a tool for authentication of oil yielding seed. Microsc Res Tech. 81(6):624–629.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franceschini MC, Tressens SG. 2004. Morphology of fruits, seeds and embryos of Argentinian Capparis L.(Capparaceae). Bot J Linnean Soc. 145(2):209–218.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gabr DG. 2018. Significance of fruit and seed coat morphology in taxonomy and identification for some species of Brassicaceae. AJPS. 09(03):380–402.
   Google Scholar
• Ghimire B, Jeong MJ, Suh GU, Heo K, Lee CH. 2018. Seed morphology and seed coat anatomy of Fraxinus, Ligustrum and Syringa (Oleeae: oleaceae) and its systematic implications. Nord J Bot. 36(10):e01866.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghimire B, Jeong MJ, Choi E, Lee H, Suh GU, Heo K, Ku JJ. 2015. Seed morphology of the subfamily Helleboroideae (Ranunculaceae) and its systematic implication. Flora-Morphol Distrib Func Ecol Plan. 216:6–25.
   Google Scholar
• Ghimire B, Ghimire BK, Heo K. 2011. Seed characteristics of Withania somnifera (Solanaceae). Korean J Pl Taxon. 41(2):103–107.
   Google Scholar
• Gontcharova SB, Gontcharov AA, Yakubov VV, Kondo K. 2009. Seed surface morphology in some representatives of the genus Rhodiola sect. Rhodiola (Crassulaceae) in the Russian Far East. Flora-Morphol Distrib Func Ecol Plan. 204(1):17–24.
   Google Scholar
• Gune F, Ali C. 2011. Seed characteristics and testa textures some taxa of genus Lathyrus L. (Fabaceae) from Turkey. Int J Agri Biol. 13(6):888–894.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henderson FM. 2006. Morphology and anatomy of palm seedlings. Bot Rev. 72(4):273–329.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ilakiya J, Rammamorrthy D. 2020. SEM and light microscopic studies in seeds of Hibiscus surattensis L. and phylogenetic attributes in Puducherry region, India. Geol Ecol Lands. 5(4):69–79.
   Google Scholar
• Kahraman A, Çildir H, Doğan M. 2014. Anatomy, macro-and micromorphology of Lathyrus sect. Nissolia (Fabaceae) and their taxonomic significance. Proc Natl Acad Sci, India, Sect B Biol Sci. 84(2):407–417.
   Google Scholar
• Kanwal D, Abid R. 2017. Taxonomic assessment of the family Amaranthaceae with special emphasis on seed morphology. Pak J Bot. 49:43–68.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanwal K, Zafar M, Khan AM, Mahmood T, Abbas Q, Ozdemir FA, Ahmad M, Sultana S, Fatima A, Aziz A, et al. 2021. Implication of scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy for oil content determination and seed morphology of Verbenaceae. Microsc Res Tech. 85(2):789–798.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karaismailoğlu MC. 2016. Addition to characters of endemic Aubrieta canescens subsp. canescens Bornm. (Brassicaceae) from Turkey. Bangl J Bot. 45(3):509–515. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12604/1703.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karakish EA, Moawed MM, Tantawy ME. 2013. Seed morphology and protein patterns (SDS-PAGE) as a mean in classification of some taxa of the subfamily Mimosoideae (Fabaceae). Annu Res Rev Biol. 3(4):367–388.
   Google Scholar
• Kasem WT, Ghareeb A, Marwa E. 2011. Seed morphology and seed coat sculpturing of 32 taxa of family Brassicaceae. J Amer Sci. 7(2):166–178.
   Google Scholar
• Kashyap S, Sahu CK, Verma RK, Chaudhary LB. 2021. Taxonomic application of macro and micro morphological characters of seeds in Astragalus L. (Galegeae, Fabaceae) in India. Phytotaxa. 502(2):191–207.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaya A, Ünal M, Özgökçe F, Doğan B, Martin E. 2011. Fruit and seed morphology of six species previously placed in Malcolmia (Brassicaceae) in Turkey and their taxonomic value. Turk J Bot. 35(6):653–662.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khalid Z, Yasin G, Altaf A, Batool SA, Kanwal A, Sohail S. 2021. Phytopharmacological assessment of some medicinal plants of Thal desert of Pakistan. JPRI. 33(31A):217–226.
   Google Scholar
• Kirkbride JH, Gunn CR, Weitzman AL. 2003. Fruits and seeds of genera in the subfamily Faboideae (Fabaceae). (Vol. 1). USA: US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service.
   Google Scholar
• Korejo F, Ali SA, Tahir SS, Rajput MT, Akhter MT. 2010. Comparative morphological and biochemical studies of Salvadora species found in Sindh, Pakistan. Pak J Bot. 42(3):1451–1463.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koul KK, Nagpal R, Raina SN. 2000. Seed coat micro sculpturing in Brassica and allied genera (subtribes Brassicinae, Raphaninae, Moricandiinae). Annal. Bot. 86(2):385–397.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin CY, Tan DY. 2017. Seed testa micromorphology of thirty-eight species of Allium (Amaryllidaceae) from central Asia, and its taxonomic implications. Nord J Bot. 35(2):189–200.
   Google Scholar
• Liu L, Zhao B, Tan D, Wang J. 2012. Phylogenetic relationships of Brassicaceae species based on matK sequences. Pak J Bot. 44(2):619–626.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lubna, Zafar M, Ahmad M, Shaheen S, Sultana S, Rehman SU, Amina H. 2019. Micromorphological investigation of leaf epidermis and seeds of Vitaceae from Pakistan using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Microsc Res Tech. 82(4):335–344.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Luqman M, Zafar M, Ahmad M, Ozturk M, Sultana S, Alam F, Ullah F. 2019. Micromorphological observation of seed coat of Eucalyptus species (Myrtaceae) using scanning electron microscopy technique. Microsc Res Tech. 82(2):75–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Majeed S, Zafar M, Althobaiti AT, Ramadan MF, Ahmad M, Makhkamov T, Gafforov Y, Sultana S, Yaseen G. 2022. Comparative petiole histology using microscopic imaging visualization among Amaranthaceous taxa. Flora. 297:1–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Memon RA, Bhatti GR, Khalid S, Arshad M, Mirbahar AA, Qureshi R. 2010. Microstructural features of seeds of Spergularia marina (L.) Griseb., (Caryophyllaceae). Pak J Bot. 42(3):1423–1427.
   Google Scholar
• Munir M, Ahmad M, Waseem A, Zafar M, Saeed M, Wakeel A, Nazish M, Sultana S. 2019. Scanning electron microscopy leads to identification of novel nonedible oil seeds as energy crops. Microsc Res Tech. 82(7):1165–1173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nabila, Ahmad M, Ali M, Zafar M, Sultana S, Majeed S, Yaseen G, Ahmad S. 2022. Palynological diversity of Melliferous flora around Apiaries from District Mardan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa–Pakistan. Bot. Rev. 88(3):299–332.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozbek F, Ozbek MU, Ekici M. 2014. Morphological, anatomical, pollen and seed morphological properties of Melilotus bicolor Boiss. and Balansa (Fabaceae) endemic to Turkey. Austral J Crop Sci. 8(4):543–549. https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.292193438905700.
   Google Scholar
• Pahlevani AH, Liede-Schumann S, Akhani H. 2015. Seed and capsule morphology of Iranian perennial species of Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) and its phylogenetic application. Bot J Linn Soc. 177(3):335–377.
   Google Scholar
• Rashid N, Zafar M, Ahmad M, Malik K, Haq IU, Shah SN, Mateen A, Ahmed T. 2018. Intraspecific variation in seed morphology of tribe vicieae (Papilionoidae) using scanning electron microscopy techniques. Microsc Res Tech. 81(3):298–307.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rashid N, Zafar M, Ahmad M, Memon RA, Akhter MS, Malik K, Malik NZ, Sultana S, Shah SN. 2021. Seed morphology: an addition to the taxonomy of Astragaleae and Trifolieae (Leguminosae: papilionoidae) from Pakistan. Microsc Res Tech. 84(5):1053–1062.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rewicz A, Adamowski W, Borah S, Gogoi R. 2020. New data on seed coat micromorphology of several Impatiens spp. from Northeast India. Acta Soc Bot Pol. 89(3):89312.
   Google Scholar
• Riaz S, Abid R. 2018. Significance of seed micromorphological characters and seed coat elements for the taxonomic delimitation of the genus Cleome L. (Cleomaceae) from Pakistan. Pak J Bot. 50(1):271–277.
   Google Scholar
• Rozina, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Yousaf Z, Ullah SA, Sultana S, Bibi F. 2022. Identification of novel, non-edible oil seeds via scanning electron microscopy as potential feedstock for green synthesis of biodiesel. Microsc Res Tech. 85(2):708–720.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Saadaoui E, Guetat A, Tlili N, El Gazzah M, Khaldi A. 2011. Subspecific variability of Tunisian wild populations of Capparis spinosa L. J Medic Plan Res. 5(17):4339–4348.
   Google Scholar
• Salmeri C, Brullo S, Guglielmo A, Pavone P. 2015. Seed morphology and seed coat structure in Mediterranean plants: implication for evolution, taxonomy and germinative performance. Conservation of Threatened Species: activities and Collaborations within the Network. 1(1):23–26. Ribes.
   Google Scholar
• Scott KA. 2006. Seed coat morphology of Parkinsonia aculeata L. & pattern of heat-induced fractures. In Proceedings of the 15th Australian Weeds Conference (Adelaide, SA, Australia, 24–28 September 2006). Weed Management Society of South Australia, Adelaide, SA (p. 268–271).
   Google Scholar
• Semerdjieva I, Yankova-Tsvetkova E. 2017. Pollen and seed morphology of Zygophylum fabago and Peganum harmala (Zygophyllaceae) from Bulgaria. Phyton, Int J Exper Bot. 86(1):318–324.
   Google Scholar
• Shah NA, Aujla KM, Abbas M, Mahmood K. 2007. Economics of chickpea production in the Thal Desert of Pakistan. Pak J Life Soc Sci. 5(1–2):6–10.
   Google Scholar
• Shaheen H, Qureshi R, Akram A, Gulfraz M. 2014. Inventory of medicinal flora from Thal desert, Punjab, Pakistan. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 11(3):282–290.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shaheen H, Qureshi R, Qaseem MF, Bruschi P. 2020. The fodder grass resources for ruminants: a indigenous treasure of local communities of Thal desert Punjab, Pakistan. Plos One. 15(3):e0224061.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaheen H, Qureshi R, Akram A, Gulfraz M, Potter D. 2014. A preliminary floristic checklist of Thal Desert Punjab, Pakistan. Pak J Bot. 46(1):13–18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaheen H, Qureshi R, Qaseem MF. 2015. Qualitative investigation techniques used for análisis of ethnobotanical data from Thal Desert, Punjab Pakistan. J Medic Plan Stud. 3:69–75.
   Google Scholar
• Shemetova T, Erst A, Wang W, Xiang K, Vural C, Aytac Z. 2018. Seed morphology of the genus Astragalus L. from North Asia. Turk J Bot. 42(6):710–721.
   Google Scholar
• Soliman MSA, El-Tarras AS, El-Awady MA. 2010. Seed exomorphic characters of some taxa from Saudi Arabia. J Amer Sci. 6(11):906–910.
   Google Scholar
• Song JH, Hong SP. 2020. Fruit and seed micromorphology and its systematic significance in tribe Sorbarieae (Rosaceae). Plant Syst Evol. 306(1):1–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sukhorukov AP, Zhang M. 2013. Fruit and seed anatomy of Chenopodium and related genera (Chenopodioideae, Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae): implications for evolution and taxonomy. Plos One. 8(4):e61906.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sukhorukov AP, Kushunina M. 2017. Taxonomic significance of seed morphology in the genus Mollugo sl (Molluginaceae). Isr J Plant Sci. 64(1–2):1–17.
   Google Scholar
• Sukhorukov AP, Zhang ML, Kushunina M, Nilova MV, Krinitsina A, Zaika MA, Mazei Y. 2018. Seed characters in Molluginaceae (Caryophyllales): implications for taxonomy and evolution. Bot J Linnean Soc. 187(2):167–208.
   Google Scholar
• Swamy RK, Singh A, Surveswaran S, Rao KS. 2015. Heliotropium amplexicaule (Boraginaceae-Heliotropioideae): a new record for Indian sub-continent. Rheedea. 25(2):148–152.
   Google Scholar
• Thompson R. 2018. Letters to the twenty-first century botanist. Second series: “What is a seed?”–1. Bot Lett. 165(1):3–5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ullah F, Papini A, Shah SN, Zaman W, Sohail A, Iqbal M. 2019. Seed micromorphology and its taxonomic evidence in subfamily Alsinoideae (Caryophyllaceae). Microsc Res Tech. 82(3):250–259.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ullah F, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Jabeen A, Sultana S, Ghani A, Luqman M, Nazish M, Alam F. 2019. Macromorphological and micromorphological seed features of selected taxa of Caesalpiniaceae using light and scanning electron microscopy. Microsc Res Tech. 82(7):1073–1082.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Umdale SD, Patil PD, Malik SK, Latha M, Rao SR, Yadav SR, Gaikwad NB, Bhat KV. 2017. Seed coat sculpture of subgenus Ceratotropis (Piper) verdc., genus Vigna Savi in India and its taxonomic implications. Bot Lett. 164(1):63–78.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Usma A, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Ali MI, Kilic O, Ozdemir FA, Sultana S, Nazir A, Anjum F, Kalsoom N. 2019. Taxonomic significance of caryopsis in subfamily Panicoideae (Poaceae) using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. Microsc Res Tech. 82(10):1649–1659.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Usma A, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Sultana S, Lubna Kalsoom N, Zaman W, Ullah F. 2020. Micromorphological variations and taxonomic implications of caryopses of some grasses from Pakistan. Wulfenia. 27:86–96.
   Google Scholar
• Varela O, Ordano M, Toledo G, Lizardo G, Rotger S, Montero A, Cisneros MC. 2021. Diversity and density of the desert seed bank: interplays between cacti and nurse shrub species. J Arid Env. 191:104536.
   Google Scholar
• Vural C, Ekici M, Akan H, Aytaç Z. 2008. Seed morphology and its systematic implications for genus Astragalus L. sections Onobrychoidei DC., Uliginosi Gray and Ornithopodium Bunge (Fabaceae). Plant Syst Evol. 274(3–4):255–263.
   Google Scholar
• Waheed A, Ahmad M, Ghufran MA, Jabeen A, Ozdemir FA, Zafar M, Sultana S, Shah MA, Majeed S, Khan AS. 2021. Implication of scanning electron microscopy in the seed morphology with special reference to three subfamilies of Fabaceae. Microsc Res Tech. 84(9):2176–2185.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao S, Lan H, Zhang F. 2010. Variation of seed heteromorphism in Chenopodium album and the effect of salinity stress on the descendants. Ann Bot. 105(6):1015–1025.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhang ZY, Yang DZ, Lu AM, Knapp S. 2005. Seed morphology of the tribe Hyoscyameae (Solanaceae). Taxon. 54(1):71–83.
   Google Scholar
• Zorić L, Merkulov L, Luković J, Boža P. 2010. Comparative seed morphology of Trifolium L. species (Fabaceae). Periodicum Biologorum. 112(3):263–272.
   Google Scholar