Loving thoroughbreds to death: conflicting values in leisure experience

References

• ABC News. 2016. “Horse Trainers Mark Kavanagh, Danny O’Brien Banned Over Cobalt Doping.” Accessed June 14. http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-01-20/leading-victorian-horse-trainersbanned-over-cobalt-doping/7099976.
   Google Scholar
• Adamowicz, V. 1995. “Alternative Valuation Techniques: A Comparison and Movement to a Synthesis.” In Environmental Valuation New Perspectives, edited by K. Willis and J. Corkindale, 144–159. Wallingford: CAB International.
   Google Scholar
• Animals Australia. 2016. “Horse Racing.” Accessed June 17. http://animalsaustralia.org/issues/horse_racing.php.
   Google Scholar
• Atkinson, M., and K. Young. 2005. “Reservoir Dogs: Greyhound Racing, Mimesis and Sports-related Violence.” International Review for the Sociology of Sport 40 (3): 335–356. doi: 10.1177/1012690205059953
   Google Scholar
• Bagaric, M., and K. Akers. 2012. Humanising Animals: Civilising People. Sydney: CCH Australia.
   Google Scholar
• Bailey, C. J., S. W. J. Reid, D. R. Hodgson, J. M. Bourke, and R. J. Rose. 1998. “Flat, Hurdle and Steeple Racing: Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Injury.” Equine Veterinary Journal 30: 498–503. doi:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1998.tb04525.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bailey, C. J., R. J. Rose, S. W. J. Reid, and D. R. Hodgson. 1997. “Wastage in the Australian Thoroughbred Racing Industry: A Survey of Sydney Trainers.” Australian Veterinary Journal 75 (1): 64–66. doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1997.tb13836.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beirne, P. 1999. “For a Nonspeciesist Criminology: Animal Abuse as an Object of Study.” Criminology 37 (1): 117–148. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-9125.1999.tb00481.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birks, E. K., O. Mathieu-Costello, Z. Fu, W. S. Tyler, and J. B. West. 1997. “Very High Pressures Are Required to Cause Stress Failure of Pulmonary Capillaries in Thoroughbred Racehorses.” Journal of Applied Physiology 82: 1584–1597.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourke, J. M. 1995. “Wastage in Thoroughbreds.” Proceedings from the Annual Seminar, Equine Branch, Palmerston North, New Zealand Veterinary Association, 107–119.
   Google Scholar
• Bower, M. A., B. A. McGivney, M. G. Campana, J. Gu, L. S. Andersson, E. Barrett, C. R. Davis, et al. 2012. “The Genetic Origin and History of Speed in the Thoroughbred Racehorse.” Nature Communications 3 (643): 1–8. doi:10.1038/ncomms1644.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Brito, S. 2014. “The Cup – That’ll Do Me.” The Age, November 5. Accessed November 7, 2015. http://www.smh.com.au/comment/the-cup--thatll-do-me-20141104-11h06i.html.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, T. C. 1984. “The Concept of Value in Resource Allocation.” Land Economics 60 (3): 231–246. doi: 10.2307/3146184
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Callicott, J. B. 1989. In Defense of the Land Ethic. New York: State University of New York.
   Google Scholar
• Callicott, J. B. 1994. “Conservation Values and Ethics.” In Principles of Conservation Biology, edited by G. Meffe and C. Carroll, 2nd ed., 24–49. Sunderland: Sinauer.
   Google Scholar
• Carr, N. 2009. “Editorial: Animals in the Tourism and Leisure Experience.” Current Issues in Tourism 12: 409–411. doi:10.1080/13683500903132575.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cazaux, G. 1999. “Beauty and the Beast: Animal Abuse from a Non-speciesist Criminological Perspective.” Crime, Law and Social Change 31: 105–125. doi: 10.1023/A:1008347609286
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CPR (Coalition for the Protection of Racehorses) 2013. Proposal for the Rehabilitation and Re-homing of Thoroughbred Racehorses in Australia. Melbourne: CPR.
   Google Scholar
• CPR (Coalition for the Protection of Racehorses) 2014. “ Deathwatch Report 2014.” www.horseracingkills.com/documents/deathwatch.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• CPR (Coalition for the Protection of Racehorses) 2015. “ Deathwatch Report 2015.” www.horseracingkills.com/documents/deathwatch.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Cusack, C. M., and J. Digance. 2011. “The Melbourne Cup: Australian Identity and Secular Pilgrimage.” In Australian Sport: Antipodean Waves of Change, edited by K. Toohey and T. Taylor, 40–53. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Deathwatch. 2014. “Race Horse Deathwatch: Race Horse Deaths on British Racecourses in 2012.” Accessed March 14. http://www.horsedeathwatch.com.
   Google Scholar
• Denny, M. W. 2008. “Limits to Running Speed in Dogs, Horses and Humans.” Journal of Experimental Biology 211: 3836–3849. doi: 10.1242/jeb.024968
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans, D. E., and P. McGreevy. 2011. “An Investigation of Racing Performance and Whip Use by Jockeys in Thoroughbred Races.” PLoS ONE 6 (1): 1–5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fennell, D. A. 2000. “Tourism and Applied Ethics.” Tourism Recreation Research 25 (1): 59–69. doi: 10.1080/02508281.2000.11014900
   Google Scholar
• Fennell, D. A. 2012a. “Tourism and Animal Rights.” Tourism Recreation Research 37 (2): 157–166. doi: 10.1080/02508281.2012.11081700
   Google Scholar
• Fennell, D. A. 2012b. “Tourism, Animals and Utilitarianism.” Tourism Recreation Research 37 (3): 239–249. doi: 10.1080/02508281.2012.11081712
   Google Scholar
• Fennell, D. A. 2013. “Tourism and Animal Welfare.” Tourism Recreation Research 38: 325–340. doi: 10.1080/02508281.2013.11081757
   Google Scholar
• Hale, B. 2011. “Moral Considerability: Deontological, Not Metaphysical.” Ethics and the Environment 16 (2): 37–62. doi: 10.2979/ethicsenviro.16.2.37
   Google Scholar
• Hamilton, N. 2014. “How to Hit the Genetic Jackpot and Breed a Melbourne Cup Winner.” The Conversation. Accessed November 15. http://theconversation.com/how-to-hit-the-genetic-jackpot-and-breed-a-melbourne-cup-winner-33297.
   Google Scholar
• Holden, A. 2003. “In Need of New Environmental Ethics for Tourism?” Annals of Tourism Research 30 (1): 94–108. doi: 10.1016/S0160-7383(02)00030-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoye, R., and M. Nicholson. 2012. “Life at the Track: Country Race Clubs and Social Capital.” International Review for the Sociology of Sport 47 (4): 461–474. doi: 10.1177/1012690211410707
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes, M. 2001. “Animals, Values and Tourism – Structural Shifts in UK Dolphin Tourism Provision.” Tourism Management 22 (4): 321–329. doi: 10.1016/S0261-5177(00)00070-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeong, C., Y. K. Kim, Y. J. Ko, H. Lee, and R. S. Jeong. 2009. “Horse Racing Image: Re-Examination of Relations Between Image and Intention to Visit.” Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality and Tourism 10: 194–217. doi: 10.1080/15280080902988139
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, L. 2012. Power, Knowledge, Animals. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, B. D., S. M. Stover, B. M. Daft, H. Kinde, D. H. Read, B. C. Barr, M. Anderson, et al. 1994. “Causes of Death in Racehorses over a 2 Year Period.” Equine Veterinary Journal 26 (4): 327–330. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1994.tb04395.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, B., and P. McGreevy. 2010. “Ethical Equitation: Applying a Cost-benefit Approach.” Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research 5: 196–202. doi: 10.1016/j.jveb.2010.04.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joy, M. 2005. “Humanistic Psychology and Animal Rights: Reconsidering the Boundaries of the Humanistic Ethic.” Journal of Humanistic Psychology 45 (1): 106–130. doi: 10.1177/0022167804272628
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kindig, C. A., P. McDonough, G. Fenton, D. C. Poole, and H. H. Erikson. 2001. “Efficacy of Nasal Strip and Furosemide in Mitigating EIPH in Thoroughbred Horses.” Journal of Applied Physiology 91: 1396–1400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knight, S., K. Nunkoosing, A. Vrij, and J. Cherryman. 2003. “Using Grounded Theory to Examine People’s Attitudes toward How Animals Are Used.” Society & Animals 11 (4): 307–327. doi: 10.1163/156853003322796064
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knights, P. 2008. “Native Species, Human Communities and Cultural Relationships.” Environmental Values 17: 353–373. doi: 10.3197/096327108X343121
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lockwood, M. 1999. “Humans Valuing Nature: Synthesising Insights from Philosophy, Psychology and Economics.” Environmental Values 8: 381–401. doi: 10.3197/096327199129341888
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynch, M. 2013. “Why a Horse’s Death Can Never Outweigh Positives of Racing.” The Age, Sport. November 7, 45. Accessed March 14. http://www.horsedeathwatch.com.
   Google Scholar
• Lynch, M. 2016. “Warrnambool Carnival: Experienced Jumper Tuscan Fire Dies in Galleywood Hurdle.” The Sydney Morning Herald, May 4. Accessed May 5, 2016. http://www.smh.com.au/sport/horseracing/warrnambool-carnival-experienced-jumper-tuscan-fire-dies-in-galleywood-hurdle-20160504-gom2lm.html.
   Google Scholar
• McManus, P., G. Albrecht, and R. Graham. 2013. The Global Horseracing Industry: Social, Economic, Environmental and Ethical Perspectives. Abingdon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Merchant, C. 1992. Radical Ecology: The Search for a Livable World. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Montoya, D., P. McManus, and G. Albrecht. 2012. “Jumping to Conclusions? Media Coverage of Jumps Racing Debates in Australia.” Society & Animals. 20: 273–293. doi: 10.1163/156853012X627789
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nash, R. 1990. The Rights of Nature: A History of Environmental Ethics. Leichhardt: Primavera Press.
   Google Scholar
• Newsome, D., R. K. Dowling, and S. Moore. 2005. Wildlife Tourism. Clevedon: Channel view.
   Google Scholar
• O’Neill, J. 1992. “The Varieties of Intrinsic Value.” Monist 75 (2): 119–137. doi: 10.5840/monist19927527
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orams, M. 2002. “Feeding Wildlife as a Tourism Attraction: A Review of Issues and Impacts.” Tourism Management 23: 281–293. doi: 10.1016/S0261-5177(01)00080-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orsini, J. A., E. S. Hackett, and N. Grenager. 2009. “The Effect of Exercise on Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome in the Thoroughbred and Standardbred Athlete.” Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 29 (3): 167–171. doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2009.01.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Sullivan, S. 2007. “Advocating for Animals Equally from within a Liberal Paradigm.” Environmental Politics 16 (1): 1–14. doi:10.1080/09644010601073390.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pengilly, A. 2015. “Moodie Defends Record After Horse Collapse.” The Age, Racing/Sport, October 26, 47.
   Google Scholar
• Pinchbeck, G. L., P. D. Clegg, C. J. Proudman, K. L. Morgan, and N. P. French. 2004. “Whip Use and Race Progress Are Associated with Horse Falls in Hurdle and Steeplechase Racing in the UK.” Equine Veterinary Journal 36: 384–389. doi:10.2746/0425164044868387.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plous, S. 1993. “Psychological Mechanisms in the Human Use of Animals.” Journal of Social Issues 49 (1): 11–52. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-4560.1993.tb00907.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RA (Racing Australia). 2015. “Racing Season 2015/2015 Fact Book 2014/15.” Flemington: Racing Australia. Accessed June 10, 2016. http://www.racingaustralia.horse/Aboutus/factBook.aspx.
   Google Scholar
• Racing Victoria. 2016. “Equine Welfare. The Facts.” Accessed November 21. https://rv.racing.com/welfare.
   Google Scholar
• Reardon, R. J. M., L. A. Boden, D. J. Mellor, S. Love, J. R. Newton, A. J. Stirk, and T. D. H. Parkin. 2012. “Risk Factors for Superficial Digital Flexor Tendinopathy in Thoroughbred Racehorses in Hurdle Starts in the UK (2001–2009).” Equine Veterinary Journal 44: 564–569. doi:10.1111/j.2042-3306.2012.00552.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reed, S. R., B. F. Jackson, C. W. Mc Ilwraith, I. M. Wright, R. Pilsworth, S. Knapp, J. L. N. Wood, J. S. Price, and K. L. P. Verheyen. 2012. “Descriptive Epidemiology of Joint Injuries in Thoroughbred Racehorses in Training.” Equine Veterinary Journal 44: 13–19. doi:10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00352.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Regan, T. 1984. The Case for Animal Rights. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Regan, T. 1990. Earthbound: Introductory Essays in Environmental Ethics. IL: Waveland.
   Google Scholar
• Rokeach, M. 1973. The Nature of Human Values. New York: Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Rolston, H. 1989. Philosophy Gone Wild. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus.
   Google Scholar
• Russell, N. 2002. “The Wild Side of Animal Domestication.” Society & Animals 10 (3): 285–302. doi: 10.1163/156853002320770083
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz, S. 1992. “Universals in the Content and Structure of Values: Theoretical Advances and Empirical Tests in 20 Countries.” Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 25: 1–65. doi: 10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60281-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singer, P. 1975. Animal Liberation: A New Ethics for Our Treatment of Animals. New York: Harper Collins.
   Google Scholar
• Stern, P., and T. Dietz. 1994. “The Value Basis of Environmental Concern.” Journal of Social Issues 50 (3): 65–84. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-4560.1994.tb02420.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stern, P., T. Dietz, and G. Guagnano. 1995. “The New Ecological Paradigm in Social-Psychological Context.” Environment and Behavior 27 (6): 723–743. doi: 10.1177/0013916595276001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tran, D. 2016. “Horse Cliff’s Dream Put Down after Falling During Warrnambool Jumps Race in Victoria.” ABC News, May 3. Accessed June 22, 2016. http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-05-03/horse-cliffs-dream-put-down-after-falling-during-jumps-racing/7380110.
   Google Scholar
• Verheyen, K. L. P., and J. L. N. Wood. 2004. “Descriptive Epidemiology of Fractures Occurring in British Thoroughbred Racehorses in Training.” Equine Veterinary Journal 36 (2): 167–173. doi: 10.2746/0425164044868684
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vilkka, L. 1997. The Intrinsic Value of Nature. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
   Google Scholar
• Winter, C., and M. Lockwood. 2005. “A Model for Measuring Natural Area Values and Park Preferences.” Environmental Conservation 32 (3): 270–278. doi: 10.1017/S0376892905002468
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yates, R., C. Powell, and P. Beirne. 2001. “Horse Maiming in the English Countryside: Moral Panic, Human Deviance, and the Social Construction of Victimhood.” Society & Animals 9 (1): 1–23. doi: 10.1163/156853001300108964
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar