References
- Amster, R. 2003. “Patterns of Exclusion: Sanitizing Space, Criminalizing Homelessness.” Social Justice 30: 195–221. https://www.jstor.org/stable/29768172.
- Andrews, D. L. 2008. “Kinesiology’s Inconvenient Truth and the Physical Cultural Studies Imperative.” Quest (Grand Rapids, Mich ) 60 (1): 46–63. doi:10.1080/00336297.2008.10483568.
- Bates, M. 2011. “Media Frames of the Ontario Safe Streets Act: Assessing the Moral Panic Model.” Studies by Undergraduate Research at Guelph 5 (1): 11–17. doi:10.21083/surg.v5i1.1320.
- Billo, E., and A. Mountz. 2016. “For Institutional Ethnography: Geographical Approaches to Institutions and the Everyday.” Progress in Human Geography 40 (2): 199–220. doi:10.1177/0309132515572269.
- Burman, P. 1996. Poverty’s Bonds: Power and Agency in the Social Relations of Welfare. Toronto, ON: Thompson Educational Publishing.
- Canadian Observatory on Homelessness. 2017. “‘Who is Homeless?’ The Homeless Hub: Homelessness 101.” Homeless Hub. http://homelesshub.ca/about-homelessness/homelessness-101/who-homeless.
- Casey, L. 2020. “People Experiencing Homelessness Safer in Tents than Shelters During Pandemic, Toronto Court Hears.” CBC News, October 01. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/toronto-homeless-tents-shelters-pandemic-1.5746955.
- Cheevers, M. 2020. “Arch of Former St. Catharines Coming Down.” St. Catharines Standard. August 04. https://www.stcatharinesstandard.ca/news/niagara-region/2020/08/04/arch-of-former-st-catharines-hospital-coming-down.html.
- Dawson, D. 1988. “Leisure and the Definition of Poverty.” Leisure Studies 7 (3): 221–231. doi:10.1080/02614368800390201.
- Devault, M. L. 2006. “Introduction: What is Institutional Ethnography?” Social Problems 53 (3): 294–298. doi:10.1525/sp.2006.53.3.294.
- Dillabough, J.-A., and J. Kennelly. 2010. Lost Youth in the Global City: Class, Culture and the Urban Imaginary. New York, NY: Routledge.
- Dorsch, S. 2013. “Space/Time Practices and the Production of Space and Time. An Introduction.” Historical Social Research 38 (3): 7–21. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23644522.
- Draaisma, M. 2020. “City Moves Homeless People out of 2 Downtown Parks after Residents say they Feel Unsafe.” CBC News, July 07. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/toronto-george-hislop-park-norman-jewison-park-homeless-people-encampment-1.5641466.
- Friedman, M. T., and C. van Ingen. 2011. “Bodies in Space: Spatializing Physical Cultural Studies.” Sociology of Sport Journal 29 (2): 85–105. doi:10.1123/ssj.28.1.85.
- Fusco, C. 2006. “Inscribing Healthification: Governance, Risk, Surveillance and the Subjects and Spaces of Fitness and Health.” Health & Place 12: 65–78. doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2004.10.003.
- Giardina, M. D., and J. I. Newman. 2011. “What is This “Physical” in Physical Cultural Studies?” Sociology of Sport Journal 28 (1): 36–63. doi:10.1123/ssj.28.1.36.
- Harvey, D. 2008. “The Right to the City.” New Left Review 53: 18–40. https://newleftreview.org/issues/ii53/articles/david-harvey-the-right-to-the-city.
- Harvey, D. 2006. “Space as a Keyword.” In David Harvey: A Critical Reader, edited by Noel Castree and Derek Gregory, 270–293. Oxford: Blackwell.
- Harvey, D. 2003. “The Right to the City.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 27 (4): 939–941. doi:10.1111/j.0309-1317.2003.00492.x.
- Koprowska, K., J. Kronenberg, I. Kuzma, and E. Laszkiewicz. 2020. “Condemned to Green? Accessibility and Attractiveness of Urban Green Spaces to People Experiencing Homelessness.” Geoforum; Journal of Physical, Human, and Regional Geosciences 113: 1–13. doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2020.04.017.
- Lefebvre, H. 1991. The Production of Space. London: Blackwell.
- Lyon-Callo, V. 2004. Inequality, Poverty, and Neo-Liberal Governance: Activist Ethnography in the Homeless Sheltering Industry. Toronto, ON: Broadview Press.
- McLaughlin, P. 2014. “Ice Dogs Settle into New Arena.” CHCH (Hamilton), October 15. https://www.chch.com/icedogs-settle-new-arena/.
- Mitchell, D. 2017. “People’s Park Again: On the End and Ends of Public Space.” Environment and Planning A 49 (3): 503–518. doi:10.1177/0308518X15611557.
- Mitchell, D. 2003. The Right to the City: Social Justice and the Fight for Public Space. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
- Mitchell, D. 1998. “Anti-Homeless Laws and Public Space II: Further Constitutional Issues.” Urban Geography 19: 98–104. doi:10.2747/0272-3638.19.2.98.
- Mitchell, D. 1997. “The Annihilation of Space by law: The Roots and Implications of Anti-Homeless Laws.” Antipode 29 (3): 303–335. doi:10.1111/1467-8330.00048.
- Mitchell, D. 1995. “The End of Public Space? People’s Park, Definitions of the Public, and Democracy.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 85 (1): 108–133. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8306.1995.tb01797.xa.
- Mitchell, D., and N. Heynen. 2009. “The Geography of Survival and the Right to the City: Speculation on Surveillance, Legal Innovation, and the Criminalization of Intervention.” Urban Geography 30 (6): 611–632. doi:10.2747/0272-3638.30.6.611.
- O'Grady, B., Gaetz, S. and Buccieri, K. 2013. “Tickets … and More Tickets: A Case Study of the Enforcement of the Ontario Safe Streets Act.” Canadian Public Policy 39 (4): 541–558. doi:10.3138/CPP.39.4.541.
- People, Park. 2020b. “COVID-19 and Parks: Highlights from our National Surveys.” Park People, July 16. https://parkpeople.ca/2020/07/16/covid-19-and-parks-highlights-from-our-national-surveys/.
- People, Park. 2020a. “The Canadian City Parks Report.” Accessed October 10, 2020, https://dev.ccpr.parkpeople.ca/uploads/ccpr_print2020_EN_G2_1a87af8874.pdf.
- People, Park. 2020c. “Parks, Policing, and the Pandemic.” Inclusion, Accessed April 22 2021. https://ccpr.parkpeople.ca/themes/inclusion/stories/parks-policing-and-the-pandemic.
- Raphael, D. 2011. Poverty in Canada: Implications for Health and Quality of Life. 2nd ed. Toronto, ON: Canadian Scholars’ Press.
- Rose, J. 2017. “Cleansing Public Nature: Landscapes of Homelessness, Health, and Displacement.” Journal of Political Ecology 24: 11–23. doi:10.2458/v24i1.20779.
- Silk, M. L., and D. L. Andrews. 2011. “Toward a Physical Cultural Studies.” Sociology of Sport Journal 28 (1): 4–35. doi:10.1123/ssj.28.1.4.
- Smith, D. E. 2006. Institutional Ethnography: A Sociology for People. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.
- Snow, D., and M. Mulcahy. 2001. “Space, Politics, and the Survival Strategies of the Homeless.” American Behavioral Scientist 45 (1): 149–169. doi:10.1177/00027640121956962.
- Soja, E. W. 1996. Thirdspace Journeys to Los Angeles and Other Real-and-Imagined Places. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
- Speer, J. 2019. “Urban Makeovers, Homeless Encampments, and the Aesthetics of Displacement.” Social & Cultural Geography 20 (4): 575–595. doi:10.1080/14649365.2018.1509115.
- Speer, J. 2016. “The Right to Infrastructure: A Struggle for Sanitation in Fresno, California Homeless Encampments.” Urban Geography 37 (7): 1049–1069. doi:10.1080/02723638.2016.1142150.
- Trussell, D., and H. Mair. 2010. “Seeking Judgment Free Spaces: Poverty, Leisure, and Social Inclusion.” Journal of Leisure Research 42 (4): 513–533. doi:10.1080/00222216.2010.11950216.
- Walks, A. R. 2009. “The Urban in Fragile, Uncertain, Neoliberal Times: Towards New Geographies of Social Justice?” The Canadian Geographer 53 (3): 345–356. doi:10.1111/j.1541-0064.2009.00268.x.