Benefits of volunteering on resilience with aging: a case study

References

• Aldwin, C. M., and H. Igarashi. 2015. “Successful, Optimal, and Resilient Aging: A Psychosocial Perspective.” In APA Handbook of Clinical Geropsychology: Vol. 1. History and Status of the Field and Perspectives on Aging, edited by P. A. Lichtenberg, and B. T. Mast, 331–359. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Aldwin, C. M., H. Igarashi, D. F. Gilmer, and M. R. Levenson. 2017. Health, Illness, and Optimal Aging: Biological and Psychosocial Perspectives. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
   Google Scholar
• Allen, R. S., H. R. Dorman, H. Henkin, K. D. Carden, and D. Potts. 2018. “Definition of Resilience.” In Resilience in Aging, edited by B. Resnick, L. Gwyther, and K. Roberto. Cham: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-04555-5_1
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, N. D., T. Damianakis, E. Kröger, L. M. Wagner, D. R. Dawson, M. A. Binns, S. Bernstein, E. Caspi, and S. L. Cook. 2014. “The Benefits Associated with Volunteering among Seniors: A Critical Review and Recommendations for Future Research.” Psychological Bulletin 140(6): 1505. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037610.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aw, S., G. C. H. Koh, C. S. Tan, M. L. Wong, H. J. M. Vrijhoef, S. C. Harding, M. A. B. Geronimo, and Z. J. L. Hildon. 2019. “Theory and Design of the Community for Successful Ageing (ComSA) Program in Singapore: Connecting BioPsychoSocial Health and Quality of Life Experiences of Older Adults.” BMC Geriatrics 19 (1): 254–254. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-019-1277-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baek, J. Y., E. Lee, H. W. Jung, and I. Y. Jang. 2021. “Geriatrics Fact Sheet in Korea 2021.” Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research 25 (2): 65–71. https://doi.org/10.4235/agmr.21.0063.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker, T. A., N. T. Buchanan, C. A. Mingo, R. Roker, and C. S. Brown. 2015. “Reconceptualizing Successful Aging among Black Women and the Relevance of the Strong Black Woman Archetype.” The Gerontologist 55 (1): 51–57. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnu105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calasanti, T., and N. King. 2021. “Beyond Successful Aging 2.0: Inequalities, Ageism, and the Case for Normalizing Old Ages.” Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences & Social Sciences 76 (9): 1817–1827. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaa037.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carr, D. C., B. L. Kail, C. Matz-Costa, and Y. Z. Shavit. 2018. “Does Becoming a Volunteer Attenuate Loneliness among Recently Widowed Older Adults?” Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 73 (3): 501–510. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbx092.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cattan, M., E. Hogg, and I. Hardill. 2011. “Improving Quality of Life in Ageing Populations: What Can Volunteering do?” Maturitas 70 (4): 328–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.08.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, M. 2022. “Comparative Study on Volunteering among Older Korean Immigrants in the United States and Older Koreans in South Korea.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19 (12): 7297. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127297.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi, L. H. 2003. “Factors Affecting Volunteerism among Older Adults.” Journal of Applied Gerontology 22 (2): 179–196. https://doi.org/10.1177/0733464803022002001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi, D., H. Choi, and D. Shon. 2019. “Future Changes to Smart Home Based on AAL Healthcare Service.” Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering 18 (3): 190–199. https://doi.org/10.1080/13467581.2019.1617718.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christie, M. A. 2017. “Benefit Nature, Benefit Self, & Benefit Others: Older Adults and Their Volunteer Experiences of Engagement in a Conservation Themed Urban Park.” Journal of Therapeutic Horticulture 27 (2): 19–38.
   Google Scholar
• Chun, S., J. Heo, S. Lee, and J. Kim. 2016. “Leisure-related Predictors on a Sense of Purpose in Life among Older Adults with Cancer.” Activities, Adaptation & Aging 40 (3): 266–280. https://doi.org/10.1080/01924788.2016.1199517.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung, M. S. 2019. “Life Satisfaction of Korean Older Adults: The Roles of Chronological and Subjective age and Appearance Management.” Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal 47 (10): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.8258.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cummins, R. 2018. Measuring and Interpreting Subjective Wellbeing in Different Cultural Contexts: A Review and way Forward. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dawson, N. T., and H. L. Sterns. 2012. “Emerging Perspectives on Resilience in Adulthood and Later Life: Work, Retirement, and Resilience.” Annual Review of Gerontology & Geriatrics 32 (1): 211–230. https://doi.org/10.1891/0198-8794.32.211.
   Google Scholar
• Dulin, P. I., J. Gavala, C. Stephens, M. Kostick, and J. McDonald. 2012. “Volunteering Predicts Happiness among Older Maori and non-Maori in the New Zealand Health, Work, and Retirement Longitudinal Study.” Aging & Mental Health 16 (5): 617–624. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2011.641518.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eagly, A. H., and M. Crowley. 1986. “Gender and Helping Behavior: A Meta-Analytic Review of the Social Psychological Literature.” Psychological Bulletin 100 (3): 283. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.100.3.283.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernández-Ballesteros, R. 2019. “The Concept of Successful Aging and Related Terms.” In The Cambridge Handbook of Successful Aging (Cambridge Handbooks in Psychology), edited by R. Fernández-Ballesteros, A. Benetos, and J. Robine, 6–22. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316677018.002
   Google Scholar
• Frazier, P., N. Keenan, S. Anders, S. Perera, S. Shallcross, and S. Hintz. 2011. “Perceived Past, Present, and Future Control and Adjustment to Stressful Life Events.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 100: 749–765. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022405.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garnefski, N., V. Kraaij, M. J. Schroevers, and G. A. Somsen. 2008. “Post-traumatic Growth After a Myocardial Infarction: A Matter of Personality, Psychological Health, or Cognitive Coping?” Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings 15 (4): 270–277. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10880-008-9136-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham, J., and J. Haidt. 2010. “Beyond Beliefs: Religions Bind Individuals Into Moral Communities.” Personality and Social Psychology Review 14 (1): 140–150. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868309353415.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenfield, E. A., and N. F. Marks. 2004. “Formal Volunteering as a Protective Factor for Older Adults’ Psychological Well-Being.” Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 59 (5): S258–S264. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/59.5.S258.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris, P. B. 2008. “Another Wrinkle in the Debate About Successful Aging: The Undervalued Concept of Resilience and the Lived Experience of Dementia.” The International Journal of Aging and Human Development 67 (1): 43–61. https://doi.org/10.2190/AG.67.1.c.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hendricks, J., and S. J. Cutler. 2004. “Volunteerism and Socioemotional Selectivity in Later Life.” Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences 59 (5): S251–S257. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/59.5.S251.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heo, J., S. Chun, S. Lee, and J. Kim. 2016. “Life Satisfaction and Psychological Well-Being of Older Adults with Cancer Experience: The Role of Optimism and Volunteering.” The International Journal of Aging and Human Development 83 (3): 274–289. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091415016652406.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heo, J., B. Culp, N. Yamada, and Y. Won. 2013. “Promoting Successful Aging Through Competitive Sports Participation: Insights from Older Adults.” Qualitative Health Research 23 (1): 105–113. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732312457247.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hicks, M. M., and N. E. Conner. 2014. “Resilient Ageing: A Concept Analysis.” Journal of Advanced Nursing 70 (4): 744–755. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.12226.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hochhalter, A. K., M. L. Smith, and M. G. Ory. 2011. “Successful Aging and Resilience: Applications for Public Health and Health Care.” In Resilience in Aging, edited by Barbara Resnick, Lisa P. Gwyther, and Karen A. Roberto, 15–29. New York, NY: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Jacobs, J., R. Hammerman-Rozenberg, A. Cohen, and J. Stessman. 2008. “Reading Daily Predicts Reduced Mortality among men from a Cohort of Community-Dwelling 70-Year-Olds.” Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 63 (2): S73–S80. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/63.2.S73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, K. J., and S. H. Lee. 2017. “Factors Associated with Volunteering among Racial/Ethnic Groups: Findings from the California Health Interview Survey.” Research on Aging 39 (5): 575–596. https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027515618243.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, C., and E. Sullivan-Marks. 2006. “Art Therapy: Using the Creative Process for Healing and Hope among African American Older Adults.” Geriatric Nursing 27 (5): 309–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2006.08.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J., J. Kang, M.-A. Lee, and Y. Lee. 2007. “Volunteering among Older People in Korea.” The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 62 (1): S69–S73. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/62.1.S69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, K. W., and O. S. Kim. 2020. “Super Aging in South Korea Unstoppable but Mitigatable: A sub-National Scale Population Projection for Best Policy Planning.” Spatial Demography 8 (2): 155–173. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40980-020-00061-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kleineidam, L., M. V. Thoma, A. Maercker, H. Bickel, E. Mösch, A. Hajek, … M. Wagner. 2019. “What Is Successful Aging? A Psychometric Validation Study of Different Construct Definitions.” The Gerontologist 59 (4): 738–748. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gny083.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotter-Grühn, D., A. Kleinspehn-Ammerlahn, D. Gerstorf, and J. Smith. 2009. “Self-perceptions of Aging Predict Mortality and Change with Approaching Death: 16-Year Longitudinal Results from the Berlin Aging Study.” Psychology and Aging 24: 654–667. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016510.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotter-Grühn, D., S. D. Neupert, and Y. Stephan. 2015. “Feeling old Today? Daily Health, Stressors, and Affect Explain day-to-day Variability in Subjective age.” Psychology & Health 30 (12): 1470–1485. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2015.1061130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larkin, E., S. E. Sadler, and J. Mahler. 2005. “Benefits of Volunteering for Older Adults Mentoring at-Risk Youth.” Journal of Gerontological Social Work 44 (3-4): 23–37. https://doi.org/10.1300/J083v44n03_03.
   Google Scholar
• Lavretsky, H., M. Sajatovic, and C. F. Reynolds. 2016. Complementary and Integrative Therapies for Mental Health and Aging. (1st ed.; H. Lavretsky, M. Sajatovic, and C. F. Reynolds, eds.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, H. S. 2017. “A Study on the Anthropometrical Method of Minimum Residential Space Standard for the Super-Aged Society of Korea-by Anthropometrical Data Application Methods of Karl HE Kroemer.” Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture 23 (1): 15–24.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, K. 2021a. “Invigorating Older Volunteer Program: Expertise and Diversity are Key.” Accessed May 5, 2022, https://www.bokjitimes.com/news/articleView.html?idxno = 30299.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, S. 2021b. “Volunteering and Loneliness in Older Adults: A Parallel Mediation Model.” Aging & Mental Health, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2021.1913477.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, S., J. Bae, S. Im, S. Lee, and J. Heo. 2019. “Senior Fashion Models’ Perspectives on Serious Leisure and Successful Aging.” Educational Gerontology 45 (10): 600–611. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2019.1675938.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, S., J. Heo, S. Chun, and J. H. Lee. 2020. “Voluntary Dance Performance as Serious Leisure and Successful Ageing.” Leisure Studies 39 (4): 585–599. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2020.1800800.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, Y., and W. J. J. Yeung. 2019. “Gender Matters: Productive Social Engagement and the Subsequent Cognitive Changes among Older Adults.” Social Science & Medicine 229: 87–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.08.024.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lum, T. Y., and E. Lightfoot. 2005. “The Effects of Volunteering on the Physical and Mental Health of Older People.” Research on Aging 27 (1): 31–55. https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027504271349.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luthar, S. S., D. Cicchetti, and B. Becker. 2000. “The Construct of Resilience: A Critical Evaluation and Guidelines for Future Work.” Child Development 71 (3): 543–562. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00164.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyubomirsky, S., and M. D. Della Porta. 2010. “Boosting Happiness, Buttressing Resilience: Results from Cognitive and Behavioral Interventions.” In Handbook of Adult Resilience, edited by J. W. Reich, A. J. Zautra, and J. S. Hall, 450–464. New York: The Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• MacLeod, S., S. Musich, K. Hawkins, K. Alsgaard, and E. R. Wicker. 2016. “The Impact of Resilience among Older Adults.” Geriatric Nursing 37 (4): 266–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2016.02.014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez, I. L., D. Crooks, K. S. Kim, and E. Tanner. 2011. “Invisible Civic Engagement among Older Adults: Valuing the Contributions of Informal Volunteering.” Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology 26 (1): 23–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10823-011-9137-y.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Martinson, M., and C. Berridge. 2015. “Successful Aging and its Discontents: A Systematic Review of Social Gerontology Literature.” The Gerontologist 55 (1): 58–69. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnu037.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maschi, T., D. Viola, and K. Morgen. 2014. “Unraveling Trauma and Stress, Coping Resources, and Mental Well-Being among Older Adults in Prison: Empirical Evidence Linking Theory and Practice.” The Gerontologist 54 (5): 857–867. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnt069.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNamara, T. K., and E. Gonzales. 2011. “Volunteer Transitions among Older Adults: The Role of Human, Social, and Cultural Capital in Later Life.” The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 66 (4): 490–501. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbr055.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrow-Howell, N. 2007. “A Longer Worklife: The new Road to Volunteering.” Generations (san Francisco, Calif ) 31 (1): 63–67.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mui, A. C., M. Glajchen, H. Chen, and J. Sun. 2013. “Developing an Older Adult Volunteer Program in a New York Chinese Community: An Evidence-Based Approach.” Ageing International 38 (2): 108–121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12126-012-9160-5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nowell, L. S., J. M. Norris, D. E. White, and N. J. Moules. 2017. “Thematic Analysis: Striving to Meet the Trustworthiness Criteria.” International Journal of Qualitative Methods 16 (1), https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406917733847.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pai, M., and J. Kim. 2021. “Formal Volunteering and Mental Health in South Korea: Does age Matter?” International Journal of Mental Health Promotion 23 (1): 27–42. https://doi.org/10.32604/IJMHP.2021.011996.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paik, A., and L. Navarre-Jackson. 2011. “Social Networks, Recruitment, and Volunteering: Are Social Capital Effects Conditional on Recruitment?” Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 40 (3): 476–496. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764009354647.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson, C., and M. E. Seligman. 2004. Character Strengths and Virtues: A Handbook and Classification. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pilkington, P. D., T. D. Windsor, and D. A. Crisp. 2012. “Volunteering and Subjective Well-Being in Midlife and Older Adults: The Role of Supportive Social Networks.” The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 67 (2): 249–260. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbr154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Principi, A., J. Schippers, G. Naegele, M. Di Rosa, and G. Lamura. 2016. “Understanding the Link Between Older Volunteers’ Resources and Motivation to Volunteer.” Educational Gerontology 42 (2): 144–158. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2015.1083391.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pruchno, R. 2015. “Successful Aging: Contentious Past, Productive Future.” The Gerontologist 55 (6): 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnv002.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Riley, M. W. 1999. “Letters to the Editor.” The Gerontologist 38: 151. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/38.2.151.
   Google Scholar
• Robustelli, B. L., and M. A. Whisman. 2018. “Gratitude and Life Satisfaction in the United States and Japan.” Journal of Happiness Studies 19 (1): 41–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-016-9802-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowe, J. W., and R. L. Kahn. 1997. “Successful Aging.” The Gerontologist 37 (4): 433–440. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/37.4.433.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowe, J,W, and R. L. Kahn. 2015. “Successful Aging 2.0: Conceptual Expansions for the 21st Century.” The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 70 (4): 593–596. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbv025.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell, A. R., E. Kim, F. Handy, and Z. Gellis. 2020. “Formal Versus Informal Volunteering and Wellbeing: Does Volunteering Type Matter for Older Adults?” Voluntary Sector Review 11 (3): 317–336. https://doi.org/10.1332/204080520X15874538219286.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sedgwick, P. 2013. “Snowball Sampling.” British Medical Journal 347: 1–2.
   Google Scholar
• Seeman, T., S. S. Merkin, D. Goldwater, and S. W. Cole. 2020. “Intergenerational Mentoring, Eudaimonic Well-Being and Gene Regulation in Older Adults: A Pilot Study.” Psychoneuroendocrinology 111: 104468–104468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104468.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, J. L., and L. Hollinger-Smith. 2015. “Savoring, Resilience, and Psychological Well-Being in Older Adults.” Aging & Mental Health 19 (3): 192–200. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2014.986647.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, B. W., and A. J. Zautra. 2004. “The Role of Purpose in Life in Recovery from Knee Surgery.” International Journal of Behavioral Medicine 11 (4): 197–202. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327558ijbm1104_2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Statistics Korea. 2022. Volunteer Rate. Accessed May 6, 2022, https://www.index.go.kr/unify/idx-info.do?idxCd = 8044.
   Google Scholar
• Stephan, Y., J. Caudroit, and A. Chalabaev. 2011. “Subjective Health and Memory Self-Efficacy as Mediators in the Relation Between Subjective age and Life Satisfaction among Older Adults.” Aging & Mental Health 15 (4): 428–436. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2010.536138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stephan, Y., J. Caudroit, A. Jaconelli, and A. Terracciano. 2014. “Subjective age and Cognitive Functioning: A 10-Year Prospective Study.” The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 22 (11): 1180–1187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2013.03.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sundeen, R. A., S. A. Raskoff, and M. C. Garcia. 2007. “Differences in Perceived Barriers to Volunteering to Formal Organizations: Lack of Time Versus Lack of Interest.” Nonprofit Management & Leadership 17 (3): 279–300. https://doi.org/10.1002/nml.15.
   Google Scholar
• Tang, F. 2006. “What Resources are Needed for Volunteerism? A Life Course Perspective.” Journal of Applied Gerontology 25 (5): 375–390. https://doi.org/10.1177/0733464806292858.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang, F. 2010. “Volunteering by Older Adults in the United States.” China Journal of Social Work 3 (2-3): 289–300. https://doi.org/10.1080/17525098.2010.492653.
   Google Scholar
• Urtamo, A., S. K. Jyväkorpi, and T. E. Strandberg. 2019. “Definitions of Successful Ageing: A Brief Review of a Multidimensional Concept.” Acta bio-Medica: Atenei Parmensis 90 (2): 359–363. https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v90i2.8376.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang, L., and H. Han. 2022. “Gender, Social Role, and Social Capital: A Comparative Study of Volunteerism in East Asia.” VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations 34: 847–860.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weld, N. 2018. “Older Adults’ Strategies for Managing Adversity Through Connection and Purpose.” Australasian Journal of Disaster and Trauma Studies 22 (1): 11–20.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, J., and M. Musick. 1997. “Who Cares? Toward an Integrated Theory of Volunteer Work.” American Sociological Review 62 (5): 694–713. https://doi.org/10.2307/2657355.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Windle, G. 2011. “What is Resilience? A Review and Concept Analysis.” Review in Clinical Gerontology 21 (2): 152–169. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0959259810000420.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. 2022. Ageing and health. Retrieved November 6, 2022 from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. 2023. “WHO’s Work on the UN Decade of Healthy Ageing (2020–2030).” Accessed June 13, 2023. https://www.who.int/initiatives/decade-of-healthy-ageing.
   Google Scholar
• Yasuda, T., I. Noriko, Y. Chin-Chun, and G. Xie. 2011. “Intergenerational Coresidence in China, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan: Comparative Analyses Based on the East Asian Social Survey 2006.” Journal of Comparative Family Studies 42 (5): 703–722. DOI 10.3138/jcfs.42.5.703.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeung, J. W. K., Z. N. Zhang, and T. Y. Kim. 2017. “Volunteering and Health Benefits in General Adults: Cumulative Effects and Forms.” BMC Public Health 18 (1): 1–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yin, R. K. 2003. Case Study Research, Design and Methods. 3rd ed. Newbury Park: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar