The effects of deer and an invasive shrub, Lonicera maackii, on forest understory plant composition

References

• Abrahamson IL, Nelson CR, Affleck DLR. 2011. Assessing the performance of sampling designs for measuring the abundance of understory plants. Ecol Appl. 21:452–464.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrett ML. 2014. Comparison of estimates of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) population densities over two different seasonal periods in Miami University’s natural areas. A practicum report, institute for environment and sustainability. Oxford (OH): Miami University.
   Google Scholar
• Bartuszevige AM, Hrenko RL, Gorchov DL. 2007. Effects of leaf litter on establishment, growth and survival of invasive plant seedlings in a deciduous forest. Am Midl Nat. 158:472–477.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bates D, Maechler M, Bolker B, Walker S, Christensen RHB, Singmann H, Dai B, Grothendieck G, Green P. 2017. Linear mixed-effects models using ‘Eigen’ and S4, ver 1.1-8. http://lme4.r-forge.r-project.org/.
   Google Scholar
• Bradshaw L, Waller DM. 2016. Impacts of white-tailed deer on regional patterns of forest tree recruitment. For Ecol Manage. 375:1–11.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bressette JW, Beck H, Beauchamp VB. 2012. Beyond the browse line: complex cascade effects mediated by white-tailed deer. Oikos. 121:1749–1760.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cáceres MD, Legendre P. 2009. Associations between species and groups of sites: indices and statistical inference. Ecology. 90:3566–3574.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cáceres MD, Legendre P, Moretti M. 2010. Improving indicator species analysis by combining groups of sites. Oikos. 119:1674–1684.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christopher CC, Matter SF, Cameron GN. 2014. Individual and interactive effects of Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on herbs in a deciduous forest in the eastern United States. Biol Inv. 16:2247–2261.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collier MH, Vankat JL, Hughes MR. 2002. Diminished plant richness and abundance below Lonicera maackii, an invasive shrub. Am Midl Nat. 147:60–71.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conover MR, Kania GS. 1988. Browsing preferences of white-tailed deer for different ornamental species. Wildl Soc Bull. 16:175–179.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Culley T, Cameron GN, Kolbe SE, Miller AI. 2016. Association of non-native Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii, Caprifoliaceae) with other invasive plant species in eastern deciduous forests in southwestern Ohio. J Torrey Bot Soc. 143:398–414.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dávalos A, Nuzzo V, Blossey B. 2015. Interactive effects of deer, earthworms and non-native plants on rare forest plant recruitment. Biodivers Conserv. 187:173–181.
   Google Scholar
• Facelli JM, Pickett STA. 1991. Plant litter: its dynamics and effects on plant community structure. Bot Rev. 57:1–32.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisichelli NA, Miller KM. 2018. Weeds, worms, and deer: positive relationships among common forest understory stressors. Biol Inv. 20:1337–1348.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frelich LE, Lorimer CG. 1985. Current and predicted long-term effects of deer browsing in hemlock forests in Michigan, USA. Biol Conserv. 34:99–120.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fridley JD. 2012. Extended leaf phenology and the autumn niche in deciduous forest invasions. Nature. 485:359–362.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gioria M, Osborne BA. 2014. Resource competition in plant invasions: emerging patterns and research needs. Front Plant Sci. 5:501.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gleason HA, Cronquist A. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. 2nd ed. Bronx (NY): New York Botanical Garden.
   Google Scholar
• Gorchov DL, Trisel DE. 2003. Competitive effects of the invasive shrub, Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Herder (Caprifoliaceae) on the growth and survival of native tree seedlings. Plant Ecol. 166:13–24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Habeck CW, Schultz AK. 2015. Community-level impacts of white-tailed deer on understory plants in North American forests: a meta-analysis. AoB Plants. 7:plv119.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartman KM, McCarthy BC. 2008. Changes in forest structure and species composition following invasion by a non-indigenous shrub, Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii). J Torrey Bot Soc. 135:245–259.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hochstedler WW, Slaughter BS, Gorchov DL, Saunders LP, Stevens MHH. 2007. Forest floor plant community response to experimental control of the invasive biennial, Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard). J Torrey Bot Soc. 134:155–165.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horsley SB, Stout SL, DeCalesta DS. 2003. White-tailed deer impact on the vegetation dynamics of a northern hardwood forest. Ecol Appl. 13:98–118.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karberg NJ, Lilleskov EA. 2009. White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fecal pellet decomposition is accelerated by the invasive earthworm Lumbricus terrestris. Biol Inv. 11:761–767.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kay MW, Hone CM. 2016. Removal of invasive shrubs alters light but not leaf litter inputs in a deciduous forest understory. Rest Ecol. 24:617–625.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kettenring KM, Reinhardt Adams C. 2011. Lessons learned from invasive plant control experiments: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Appl Ecol. 48:970–979.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knight TM, Dunn JL, Smith LA, Davis J, Kalisz S. 2009. Deer facilitate invasive plant success in a Pennsylvania forest understory. Nat Areas J. 29:110–116.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinod K, Gorchov DL. 2017. White-tailed deer browse on an invasive shrub with extended leaf phenology meets assumptions of an apparent competition hypothesis. AoB Plants. 9:plx006.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mattingly KZ, McEwan RW, Paratley RD, Bray SR, Lempke JR, Arthur MA. 2016. Recovery of forest floor diversity after removal of the nonnative, invasive plant Euonymus fortunei. J Torrey Bot Soc. 143:103–116.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCabe TR, McCabe RE. 1997. Recounting whitetails past. In: McShea WJ, Underwood HB, Rappole JH, editors. The science of overabundance: deer ecology and population management. Washington (DC): Smithsonian Institution Press; p. 11–26.
   Google Scholar
• McGarvey JC, Bourg NA, Thompson JR, McShea WJ, Shen X. 2013. Effects of twenty years of deer exclusion on woody vegetation at three life-history stages in a mid-Atlantic temperate deciduous forest. Northeast Nat. 20:451–468.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNeish RE, McEwan RW. 2016. A review on the invasion ecology of Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii, Caprifoliaceae) a case study of ecological impacts at multiple scales. J Torrey Bot Soc. 143:367–385.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller KE, Gorchov DL. 2004. The invasive shrub, Lonicera maackii, reduces growth and fecundity of perennial forest herbs. Oecologia. 139:359–375.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nuttle T, Ristau TE, Royo AA. 2014. Long-term biological legacies of herbivore density in a landscape-scale experiment: forest understoreys reflect past deer density treatments for at least 20 years. J Ecol. 102:221–228.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nuttle T, Royo AA, Adams MB, Carson WP. 2013. Historic disturbance regimes promote tree diversity only under low browsing regimes in eastern deciduous forest. Ecol Monogr. 83:3–17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oswalt CM, Oswalt SN. 2007. Winter litter disturbance facilitates the spread of the nonnative invasive grass Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus. For Ecol Manage. 249:199–203.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peebles-Spencer JR, Gorchov DL. 2017. Are native tree seedlings facilitated by an invasive shrub where white-tailed deer are abundant? Nat Areas J. 37:540–548.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peebles-Spencer JR, Gorchov DL, Crist TO. 2017. Effects of an invasive shrub, Lonicera maackii, and a generalist herbivore, white-tailed deer, on forest plant community composition. For Ecol Manage. 402:204–212.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peebles-Spencer JR, Haffey CM, Gorchov DL. 2018. Browse by white-tailed deer decreases cover and growth of the invasive shrub, Lonicera maackii. Am Midl Nat. 179:68–77.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pendergast TH, Hanlon SM, Long ZM, Royo AA, Carson WP. 2016. The legacy of deer overabundance: long-term delays in herbaceous understory recovery. Can J For Res. 46:362–369.
   Google Scholar
• Peterson TE. 2018. Factors affecting densities of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in eastern deciduous forest: the roles of and surrounding land use, forest habitat edge, and invasive shrubs [master’s thesis].Oxford (OH): Miami University.
   Google Scholar
• Plants Database. 2016. United States department of agriculture, natural resources conservation service; [accessed 2016 Sep 15]. https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/java/.
   Google Scholar
• Pyšek P, Jarošík V, Hulme PE, Pergl J, Hejda M, Schaffner U, Vilà M. 2012. A global assessment of invasive plant impacts on resident species, communities and ecosystems: the interaction of impact measures, invading species’ traits and environment. Global Change Biol. 18:1725–1737.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R Development Core Team. 2017. The R foundation for statistical computing, ver 3.2.1. Vienna (Austria): Vienna University of Technology. http://www.r-project.org/.
   Google Scholar
• Ramirez JI, Jansen PA, Poorter L. 2018. Effects of wild ungulates on the regeneration, structure and functioning of temperate forests: A semi-quantitative review. For Ecol Manage. 424:406–419.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rooney TP. 2001. Deer impacts on forest ecosystems: a North American perspective. Forestry. 74:201–208.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell FL, Zippin DB, Fowler NL. 2001. Effects of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginanus) on plants, plant populations and communities: A review. Am Midl Nat. 146:1–26.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vavra M, Parks CG, Wisdom MJ. 2007. Biodiversity, exotic plant species, and herbivory: the good, the bad, and the ungulate. For Ecol Manage. 246:66–72.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vilà M, Espinar JL, Hejda M, Hulme PE, Jarošik V, Maron JL, Pergl J, Schaffner U, Sun Y, Pyšek P. 2011. Ecological impacts of invasive alien plants: a meta-analysis of their effects on species, communities and ecosystems. Ecol Lett. 14:702–708.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waller DM, Maas LI. 2013. Do white-tailed deer and the exotic plant garlic mustard interact to affect the growth and persistence of native forest plants? For Ecol Manage. 304:296–302.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward JS, Williams SC, Linske MA. 2017. Independent effects of invasive shrubs and deer herbivory on plant community dynamics. Forests. 8:2. doi:10.3390/f8010002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward JS, Williams SC, Linske MA. 2018. Influence of invasive shrubs and deer browsing on regeneration in temperate deciduous forests. Can J For Res. 48:58–67.
   Google Scholar
• Warren RJ II, Labatore A, Candeias M. 2017. Allelopathic invasive tree (Rhamnus cathartica) alters native plant communities. Plant Ecol. 218:1233–1241.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright GA, Juska I, Gorchov DL. 2019. White-tailed deer browse preference for an invasive shrub, Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii), depends on woody speciescomposition. Inv Plant Sci Manage. doi:10.1017/inp.2018.30
   Google Scholar