Src protein tyrosine kinases in stress responses

References

• Abe , J , Okuda , M , Huang , Q , Yoshizumi , M and Berk , BC . 2000 . Reactive oxygen species activate p90 ribosomal S6 kinase via Fyn and Ras . J Biol Chem , 275 : 1739 – 1748 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abe , J , Takahashi , M , Ishida , M , Lee , JD and Berk , BC . 1997 . c‐Src is required for oxidative stress‐mediated activation of big mitogen‐activated protein kinase 1 . J Biol Chem , 272 : 20389 – 20394 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abu‐Ghazaleh , R , Kabir , J , Jia , H , Lobo , M and Zachary , I . 2001 . Src mediates stimulation by vascular endothelial growth factor of the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase at tyrosine 861, and migration and anti‐apoptosis in endothelial cells . Biochem J , 360 : 255 – 264 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aikawa , R , Komuro , I , Yamazaki , T , Zou , Y , Kudoh , S , Tanaka , M , Shiojima , I , Hiroi , Y and Yazaki , Y . 1997 . Oxidative stress activates extracellular signal‐regulated kinases through Src and Ras in cultured cardiac myocytes of neonatal rats . J Clin Invest , 100 : 1813 – 1821 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akhand , AA , Kato , M , Suzuki , H , Liu , W , Du , J , Hamaguchi , M , Miyata , T , Kurokawa , K and Nakashima , I . 1999 . Carbonyl compounds cross‐link cellular proteins and activate protein‐tyrosine kinase p60c‐Src . J Cell Biochem , 72 : 1 – 7 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• al‐Ramadi , BK , Zhang , H and Bothwell , AL . 1998 . Cell‐cycle arrest and apoptosis hypersusceptibility as a consequence of Lck deficiency in nontransformed T lymphocytes . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , 95 : 12498 – 12503 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amdjadi , K and Sefton , BM . 2000 . Ultraviolet light‐induced stimulation of the JNK mitogen‐activated protein kinase in the absence of src family tyrosine kinase activation . J Biol Chem , 275 : 22520 – 22525 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• An , WG , Schule , TW and Neckers , LM . 2000 . The heat shock protein 90 antagonist geldanamycin alters chaperone association with p210bcr‐abl and v‐src proteins before their degradation by the proteasome . Cell Growth Differ , 11 : 355 – 360 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aoki , T , Nomura , R and Fujimoto , T . 1999 . Tyrosine phosphorylation of caveolin‐1 in the endothelium . Exp Cell Res , 253 : 629 – 636 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atkinson , EA , Ostergaard , H , Kane , K , Pinkoski , MJ , Caputo , A , Olszowy , MW and Bleackley , RC . 1996 . A physical interaction between the cell death protein Fas and the tyrosine kinase p59fynT . J Biol Chem , 271 : 5968 – 5971 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banes , AJ , Tsuzaki , M , Yamamoto , J , Fischer , T , Brigman , B , Brown , T and Miller , L . 1995 . Mechanoreception at the cellular level: the detection, interpretation, and diversity of responses to mechanical signals . Biochem Cell Biol , 73 : 349 – 365 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barchowsky , A , Munro , SR , Morana , SJ , Vincenti , MP and Treadwell , M . 1995 . Oxidant‐sensitive and phosphorylation‐dependent activation of NF‐kappa B and AP‐1 in endothelial cells . Am J Physiol , 269 : L829 – 836 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bates , RC , Edwards , NS , Burns , GF and Fisher , DE . 2001 . A CD44 survival pathway triggers chemoresistance via lyn kinase and phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/Akt in colon carcinoma cells . Cancer Res , 61 : 5275 – 5283 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belka , C , Marini , P , Lepple‐Wienhues , A , Budach , W , Jekle , A , Los , M , Lang , F , Schulze‐Osthoff , K , Gulbins , E and Bamberg , M . 1999 . The tyrosine kinase lck is required for CD95‐independent caspase‐8 activation and apoptosis in response to ionizing radiation . Oncogene , 18 : 4983 – 4992 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bezombes , C , Plo , I , Mansat‐De Mas , V , Quillet‐Mary , A , Negre‐Salvayre , A , Laurent , G and Jaffrezou , JP . 2001 . Oxidative stress‐induced activation of Lyn recruits sphingomyelinase and is requisite for its stimulation by Ara‐C . FASEB J , 15 : 1583 – 1585 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birukov , KG , Lehoux , S , Birukova , AA , Merval , R , Tkachuk , VA and Tedgui , A . 1997 . Increased pressure induces sustained protein kinase C‐independent herbimycin A‐sensitive activation of extracellular signal‐related kinase 1/2 in the rabbit aorta in organ culture . Circ Res , 81 : 895 – 903 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjorge , JD , Jakymiw , A and Fujita , DJ . 2000 . Selected glimpses into the activation and function of Src kinase . Oncogene , 19 : 5620 – 5635 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackburn , RV , Spitz , DR , Liu , X , Galoforo , SS , Sim , JE , Ridnour , LA , Chen , JC , Davis , BH , Corry , PM and Lee , YJ . 1999 . Metabolic oxidative stress activates signal transduction and gene expression during glucose deprivation in human tumor cells . Free Radic Biol Med , 26 : 419 – 430 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bockhol , SM and Burridge , K . 1995 . An examination of focal adhesion formation and tyrosine phosphorylation in fibroblasts isolated from src‐, fyn‐, and yes‐ mice . Cell Adhes Commun , 3 : 91 – 100 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brumell , JH , Burkhardt , AL , Bolen , JB and Grinstein , S . 1996 . Endogenous reactive oxygen intermediates activate tyrosine kinases in human neutrophils . J Biol Chem , 271 : 1455 – 1461 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burnham , MR , Bruce‐Staskal , PJ , Harte , MT , Weidow , CL , Ma , A , Weed , SA and Bouton , AH . 2000 . Regulation of c‐SRC activity and function by the adapter protein CAS . Mol Cell Biol , 20 : 5865 – 5878 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calalb , MB , Pole , TR and Hanks , SK . 1995 . Tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase at sites in the catalytic domain regulates kinase activity: a role for Src family kinases . Mol Cell Biol , 15 : 954 – 963 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carragher , NO , Fincham , VJ , Riley , D and Frame , MC . 2001 . Cleavage of focal adhesion kinase by different proteases during SRC‐regulated transformation and apoptosis. Distinct roles for calpain and caspases . J Biol Chem , 276 : 4270 – 4275 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chakraborti , T , Das , S , Mondal , M , Roychoudhury , S and Chakraborti , S . 1999 . Oxidant, mitochondria and calcium: an overview . Cell Signal , 11 : 77 – 85 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , K , Vita , JA , Berk , BC and Keaney , JF Jr. 2001 . c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase activation by hydrogen peroxide in endothelial cells involves SRC‐dependent epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation . J Biol Chem , 276 : 16045 – 16050 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corbeil , J , Tremblay , M and Richman , DD . 1996 . HIV‐induced apoptosis requires the CD4 receptor cytoplasmic tail and is accelerated by interaction of CD4 with p561ck . J Exp Med , 183 : 39 – 48 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corey , SJ and Anderson , SM . 1999 . Src‐related protein tyrosine kinases in hematopoiesis . Blood , 93 : 1 – 14 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahl , ME , Arai , KI and Watanabe , S . 2000 . Association of Lyn tyrosine kinase to the GM‐CSF and IL‐3 receptor common betac subunit and role of Src tyrosine kinases in DNA synthesis and anti‐apoptosis . Genes Cells , 5 : 143 – 153 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis , ME , Cai , H , Drummond , GR and Harrison , DG . 2001 . Shear stress regulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression through c‐Src by divergent signaling pathways . Circ Res , 89 : 1073 – 1080 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dempsey , EC , Newton , AC , Mochly‐Rosen , D , Fields , AP , Reyland , ME , Insel , PA and Messing , RO . 2000 . Protein kinase C isozymes and the regulation of diverse cell responses . Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol , 279 : L429 – 438 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devary , Y , Gottlieb , RA , Smeal , T and Karin , M . 1992 . The mammalian ultraviolet response is triggered by activation of Src tyrosine kinases . Cell , 71 : 1081 – 1091 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding , J , Takano , T , Hermann , P , Gao , S , Han , W , Noda , C , Yanagi , S and Yamamura , H . 2000 . Distinctive functions of Syk N‐terminal and C‐terminal SH2 domains in the signaling cascade elicited by oxidative stress in B cells . J Biochem , 127 : 791 – 796 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Endo , T , Odb , A , Satoh , I , Haseyama , Y , Nishio , M , Koizumi , K , Takashima , H , Fujimoto , K , Amasaki , Y , Fujita , H , Koike , T and Korean , J . 2002 . Biol Sci , 6 ( 1–12 )
   Google Scholar
• Sawada , K . 2001 . Stem cell factor protects c‐kit+ human primary erythroid cells from apoptosis . Exp Hematol , 29 : 833 – 841 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epling‐Burnette , PK , Liu , JH , Catlett‐Falcone , R , Turkson , J , Oshiro , M , Kothapalli , R , Li , Y , Wang , JM , Yang‐Yen , HF , Karras , J , Jove , R and Loughran , TP Jr. 2001 . Inhibition of STAT3 signaling leads to apoptosis of leukemic large granular lymphocytes and decreased Mcl‐1 expression . J Clin Invest , 107 : 351 – 362 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esen , M , Grassme , H , Riethmuller , J , Riehle , A , Fassbender , K and Gulbins , E . 2001 . Invasion of human epithelial cells by Pseudomonas aeruginosa involves src‐like tyrosine kinases p60Src and p59Fyn . Infect Immun , 69 : 281 – 287 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feldman , DE and Frydman , J . 2000 . Protein folding in vivo: the importance of molecular chaperones . Curr Opin Struct Biol , 10 : 26 – 33 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez‐Garcia , A , R‐Borlado , L , Leonardo , E , Merida , L , Martinez , AC and Carrera , AC . 1997 . Lck is necessary and sufficient for Fas‐ligand expression and apoptotic cell death in mature cycling T cells . J Immunol , 158 : 4104 – 4112 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodson , ML and Sarge , KD . 1995 . Heat‐inducible DNA binding of purified heat shock transcription factor 1 . J Biol Chem , 270 : 2447 – 2450 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Granet , C , Boutahar , N , Vico , L , Alexandre , C and Lafage‐Proust , MH . 2001 . MAPK and SRC‐kinases control EGR‐1 and NF‐kappa B inductions by changes in mechanical environment in osteoblasts . Biochem Biophys Res Commun , 284 : 622 – 631 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grishin , AV , Azhipa , O , Semenov , I and Corey , SJ . 2001 . Interaction between growth arrest‐DNA damage protein 34 and Src kinase Lyn negatively regulates genotoxic apoptosis . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , 98 : 10172 – 10177 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gruden , G , Thomas , S , Burt , D , Lane , S , Chusney , G , Sacks , S and Viberti , G . 1997 . Mechanical stretch induces vascular permeability factor in human mesangial cells: mechanisms of signal transduction . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , 94 : 12112 – 12116 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guan , JL and Shalloway , D . 1992 . Regulation of focal adhesion‐associated protein tyrosine kinase by both cellular adhesion and oncogenic transformation . Nature , 358 : 690 – 692 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han , SI , Ha , KS , Kang , KI , Kim , HD and Kang , HS . 2000 . Heat shock‐induced actin polymerization, SAPK/JNK activation, and heat‐ shock protein expression are mediated by genistein‐sensitive tyrosine kinase(s) in K562 cells . Cell Biol Int , 24 : 447 – 457 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanks , SK , Calalb , MB , Harper , MC and Patel , SK . 1992 . Focal adhesion protein‐tyrosine kinase phosphorylated in response to cell attachment to fibronectin . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , 89 : 8487 – 8491 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanks , SK and Polte , TR . 1997 . Signaling through focal adhesion kinase . Bioessays , 19 : 137 – 145 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardwick , JS and Sefton , BM . 1995 . Activation of the Lck tyrosine protein kinase by hydrogen peroxide requires the phosphorylation of Tyr‐394 . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , 92 : 4527 – 4531 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardwick , JS and Sefton , BM . 1997 . The activated form of the Lck tyrosine protein kinase in cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide is phosphorylated at both Tyr‐394 and Tyr‐505 . J Biol Chem , 272 : 25429 – 25432 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harman , AW and Maxwell , MJ . 1995 . An evaluation of the role of calcium in cell injury . Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol , 35 : 129 – 144 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hauck , CR , Hunter , T and Schlaepfer , DD . 2001 . The v‐Src SH3 domain facilitates a cell adhesion‐independent association with focal adhesion kinase . J Biol Chem , 276 : 17653 – 17662 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heffetz , D , Bushkin , I , Dror , R and Zick , Y . 1990 . The insulino‐mimetic agents H2O2 and vanadate stimulate protein tyrosine phosphorylation in intact cells . J Biol Chem , 265 : 2896 – 2902 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helmbrecht , K , Zeise , E and Rensing , L . 2000 . Chaperones in cell cycle regulation and mitogenic signal transduction: a review . Cell Prolif , 33 : 341 – 365 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hiwasa , T , Arase , Y , Chen , Z , Kita , K , Umezawa , K , Ito , H and Suzuki , N . 1999 . Stimulation of ultraviolet‐induced apoptosis of human fibroblast UVr‐1 cells by tyrosine kinase inhibitors . FEBS Lett , 444 : 173 – 176 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hook , SS and Means , AR . 2001 . Ca2+/CaM‐dependent kinases: from activation to function . Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol , 41 : 471 – 505 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu , HC , Shultz , LD , Su , X , Shi , J , Yang , PA , Relyea , MJ , Zhang , HG and Mountz , JD . 2001 . Mutation of the hematopoietic cell phosphatase (Hcph) gene is associated with resistance to gamma‐irradiation‐induced apoptosis in Src homology protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP)‐1‐deficient motheaten mutant mice . J Immunol , 166 : 772 – 780 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsueh , RC and Scheuermann , RH . 2000 . Tyrosine kinase activation in the decision between growth, differentiation, and death responses initiated from the B cell antigen receptor . Adv Immunol , 75 : 283 – 316 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishida , T , Peterson , TE , Kovach , NL and Berk , BC . 1996 . MAP kinase activation by flow in endothelial cells. Role of beta 1 integrins and tyrosine kinases . Circ Res , 79 : 310 – 316 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jalali , S , Li , YS , Sotoudeh , M , Yuan , S , Li , S , Chien , S and Shyy , JY . 1998 . Shear stress activates p60src‐Ras‐MAPK signaling pathways in vascular endothelial cells . Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol , 18 : 227 – 234 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson , D , Agochiya , M , Samejima , K , Earnshaw , W , Frame , M and Wyke , J . 2000 . Regulation of both apoptosis and cell survival by the v‐Src oncoprotein . Cell Death Differ , 7 : 685 – 696 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kapus , A , Di Ciano , C , Sun , J , Zhan , X , Kim , L , Wong , TW and Rotstein , OD . 2000 . Cell volume‐dependent phosphorylation of proteins of the cortical cytoskeleton and cell‐cell contact sites. The role of Fyn and FER kinases . J Biol Chem , 275 : 32289 – 32298 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kapus , A , Szaszi , K , Sun , J , Rizoli , S and Rotstein , OD . 1999 . Cell shrinkage regulates Src kinases and induces tyrosine phosphorylation of cortactin, independent of the osmotic regulation of Na+/H+ exchangers . J Biol Chem , 274 : 8093 – 8102 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katagiri , K , Yokoyama , KK , Yamamoto , T , Omura , S , Irie , S and Katagiri , T . 1996 . Lyn and Fgr protein‐tyrosine kinases prevent apoptosis during retinoic acid‐induced granulocytic differentiation of HL‐60 cells . J Biol Chem , 271 : 11557 – 11562 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kharbanda , S , Saleem , A , Yuan , ZM , Kraeft , S , Weichselbaum , R , Chen , LB and Kufe , D . 1996 . Nuclear signaling induced by ionizing radiation involves colocalization of the activated p56/p531yn tyrosine kinase with p34cdc2 . Cancer Res , 56 : 3617 – 3621 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kharbanda , S , Yuan , ZM , Rubin , E , Weichselbaum , R and Kufe , D . 1994a . Activation of Src‐like p56/p53lyn tyrosine kinase by ionizing radiation . J Biol Chem , 269 : 20739 – 20743 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kharbanda , S , Yuan , ZM , Taneja , N , Weichselbaum , R and Kufe , D . 1994b . p56/p531yn tyrosine kinase activation in mammalian cells treated with mitomycin C . Oncogene , 9 : 3005 – 3011 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klinghoffer , RA , Sachsenmaier , C , Cooper , JA and Soriano , P . 1999 . Src family kinases are required for integrin but not PDGFR signal transduction . Embo J , 18 : 2459 – 2471 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koh , YH , Che , W , Higashiyama , S , Takahashi , M , Miyamoto , Y , Suzuki , K and Taniguchi , N . 2001 . Osmotic stress induces HB‐EGF gene expression via Ca2+/Pyk2/JNK signal cascades in rat aortic smooth muscle cells . J Biochem , 130 : 351 – 358 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konishi , H , Tanaka , M , Takemura , Y , Matsuzaki , H , Ono , Y , Kikkawa , U and Nishizuka , Y . 1997 . Activation of protein kinase C by tyrosine phosphorylation in response to H2O2 . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , 94 : 11233 – 11237 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krump , E , Nikitas , K and Grinstein , S . 1997 . Induction of tyrosine phosphorylation and Na+/H+ exchanger activation during shrinkage of human neutrophils . J Biol Chem , 272 : 17303 – 17311 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kulik , G , Klippel , A and Weber , MJ . 1997 . Antiapoptotic signalling by the insulin‐like growth factor I receptor, phos‐phatidylinositol 3‐kinase, and Akt . Mol Cell Biol , 17 : 1595 – 1606 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar , S , Pandey , P , Bharti , A , Jin , S , Weichselbaum , R , Weaver , D , Kufe , D and Kharbanda , S . 1998 . Regulation of DNA‐Src Protein Tyrosine Kinases in Stress Responses dependent protein kinase by the Lyn tyrosine kinase . J Biol Chem , 273 : 25654 – 25658 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuppuswamy , D , Kerr , C , Narishige , T , Kasi , VS , Menick , DR and Cooper , GT . 1997 . Association of tyrosine‐phosphorylated c‐Src with the cytoskeleton of hypertrophying myocardium . J Biol Chem , 272 : 4500 – 4508 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lander , HM , Levine , DM and Novogrodsky , A . 1992 . Stress stimuli‐induced lymphocyte activation . Cell Immunol , 145 : 146 – 155 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lang , F , Busch , GL , Ritter , M , Volkl , H , Waldegger , S , Gulbins , E and Haussinger , D . 1998 . Functional significance of cell volume regulatory mechanisms . Physiol Rev , 78 : 247 – 306 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langille , BL . 2001 . Morphologic responses of endothelium to shear stress: reorganization of the adherens junction . Micro‐circulation , 8 : 195 – 206 .
   Google Scholar
• Larson , JS , Schuetz , TJ and Kingston , RE . 1995 . In vitro activation of purified human heat shock factor by heat . Biochemistry , 34 : 1902 – 1911 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Latinis , KM and Koretzky , GA . 1996 . Fas ligation induces apoptosis and Jun kinase activation independently of CD45 and Lck in human T cells . Blood , 87 : 871 – 875 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , YH , Kim , SY , Kim , JR , Yoh , KT , Baek , SH , Kim , MJ , Ryu , SH , Suh , PG and Kim , JH . 2000 . Overexpression of phospholipase C beta‐1 protects NIH3T3 cells from oxidative stress‐induced cell death . Life Sci , 67 : 827 – 837 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehoux , S and Tedgui , A . 1998 . Signal transduction of mechanical stresses in the vascular wall . Hypertension , 32 : 338 – 345 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lepple‐Wienhues , A , Szabo , I , Wieland , U , Heil , L , Gulbins , E and Lang , F . 2000 . Tyrosine kinases open lymphocyte chloride channels . Cell Physiol Biochem , 10 : 307 – 312 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li , S , Kim , M , Hu , YL , Jalali , S , Schlaepfer , DD , Hunter , T , Chien , S and Shyy , JY . 1997 . Fluid shear stress activation of focal adhesion kinase. Linking to mitogen‐activated protein kinases . J Biol Chem , 272 : 30455 – 30462 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li , X , De Sarno , P , Song , L , Beckman , JS and Jope , RS . 1998 . Peroxynitrite modulates tyrosine phosphorylation and phos‐phoinositide signalling in human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells: attenuated effects in human 1321N1 astrocytoma cells . Biochem J , 331 : 599 – 606 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin , RZ , Hu , ZW , Chin , JH and Hoffman , BB . 1997 . Heat shock activates c‐Src tyrosine kinases and phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase in NIH3T3 fibroblasts . J Biol Chem , 272 : 31196 – 31202 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu , M , Qin , Y , Liu , J , Tanswell , AK and Post , M . 1996a . Mechanical strain induces pp60src activation and translocation to cytoskeleton in fetal rat lung cells . J Biol Chem , 271 : 7066 – 7071 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu , X , Gupta , AK , Cony , PM and Lee , YJ . 1997 . Hypoglycemia‐induced c‐Jun phosphorylation is mediated by c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase 1 and Lyn kinase in drug‐resistant human breast carcinoma MCF‐7/ADR cells . J Biol Chem , 272 : 11690 – 11693 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu , ZG , Baskaran , R , Lea‐Chou , ET , Wood , LD , Chen , Y , Karin , M and Wang , JY . 1996b . Three distinct signalling responses by murine fibroblasts to genotoxic stress . Nature , 384 : 273 – 276 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Longhurst , CM and Jennings , LK . 1998 . Integrin‐mediated signal transduction . Cell Mol Life Sci , 54 : 514 – 526 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luciano , F , Ricci , JE and Auberger , P . 2001 . Cleavage of Fyn and Lyn in their N‐terminal unique regions during induction of apoptosis: a new mechanism for Src kinase regulation . Oncogene , 20 : 4935 – 4941 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacMillan‐Crow , LA , Greendorfer , JS , Vickers , SM and Thompson , JA . 2000 . Tyrosine nitration of c‐SRC tyrosine kinase in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma . Arch Biochem Biophys , 377 : 350 – 356 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maher , PA . 2000 . Disruption of cell‐substrate adhesion activates the protein tyrosine kinase pp60(c‐src) . Exp Cell Res , 260 : 189 – 198 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mallozzi , C , Di Stasi , AM and Minetti , M . 1999 . Activation of src tyrosine kinases by peroxynitrite . FEBS Lett , 456 : 201 – 206 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mallozzi , C , Di Stasi , AM and Minetti , M . 2001a . Nitrotyrosine mimics phosphotyrosine binding to the SH2 domain of the src family tyrosine kinase lyn . FEBS Lett , 503 : 189 – 195 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mallozzi , C , Di Stasi , MA and Minetti , M . 2001b . Peroxynitrite‐dependent activation of src tyrosine kinases lyn and hck in erythrocytes is under mechanistically different pathways of redox control . Free Radic Biol Med , 30 : 1108 – 1117 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manna , SK and Aggarwal , BB . 2000 . Differential requirement for p561ck in HIV‐tat versus TNF‐induced cellular responses: effects on NF‐kappa B activator protein‐1, c‐Jun N‐ terminal kinase, and apoptosis . J Immunol , 164 : 5156 – 5166 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manna , SK , Sah , NK and Aggarwal , BB . 2000 . Protein tyrosine kinase p561ck is required for ceramide‐induced but not tumor necrosis factor‐induced activation of NF‐kappa B AP‐1, JNK, and apoptosis . J Biol Chem , 275 : 13297 – 13306 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maroni , P , Bendinelli , P , Zuccorononno , C , Schiaffonati , L and Piccoletti , R . 2000 . Cellular signalling after in vivo heat shock in the liver . Cell Biol Int , 24 : 145 – 152 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maruo , A , Oishi , J , Sada , K , Nomi , M , Kurosaki , T , Minami , Y and Yamamura , H . 1999 . Protein tyrosine kinase Lyn mediates apoptosis induced by topoisomerase II inhibitors in DT40 cells . Int Immunol , 11 : 1371 – 1380 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masumoto , N , Nakano , S , Fujishima , H , Kohno , K and Niho , Y . 1999 . v‐Src induces cisplatin resistance by increasing the repair of cisplatin‐DNA interstrand cross‐links in human gallbladder adenocarcinoma cells . Int J Cancer , 80 : 731 – 737 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matache , C , Onu , A , Stefanescu , M , Tanaseanu , S , Dragomir , C , Dolganiuc , A and Szegli , G . 2001 . Dysregulation of p561ck kinase in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus . Autoimmunity , 34 : 27 – 38 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathew , A , Shi , Y , Jolly , C and Morimoto , RI . 2000 . Analysis of the mammalian heat‐shock response. Inducible gene expression and heat‐shock factor activity . Methods Mol Biol , 99 : 217 – 255 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McConkey , DJ and Orrenius , S . 1996 . The role of calcium in the regulation of apoptosis . J Leukoc Biol , 59 : 775 – 783 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLean , GW , Fincham , VJ and Frame , MC . 2000 . v‐Src induces tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase independently of tyrosine 397 and formation of a complex with Src . J Biol Chem , 275 : 23333 – 23339 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Migita , K , Eguchi , K , Kawabe , Y and Nagataki , S . 1995 . Tyrosine phosphorylation participates in peripheral T‐cell activation and programmed cell death in vivo . Immunology , 85 : 550 – 555 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morimoto , RI . 1998 . Regulation of the heat shock transcriptional response: cross talk between a family of heat shock factors, molecular chaperones, and negative regulators . Genes Dev , 12 : 3788 – 3796 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mosser , DD , Kotzbauer , PT , Sarge , KD and Morimoto , RI . 1990 . In vitro activation of heat shock transcription factor DNA‐binding by calcium and biochemical conditions that affect protein conformation . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , 87 : 3748 – 3752 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mou , S and Linnekin , D . 1999 . Lyn is activated during late Gl of stem‐cell‐factor‐induced cell cycle progression in haemopoietic cells . Biochem J , 342 : 163 – 170 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Musashi , M , Ota , S and Shiroshita , N . 2000 . The role of protein kinase C isoforms in cell proliferation and apoptosis . Int J Hematol , 72 : 12 – 19 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakamura , K , Hori , T , Sato , N , Sugie , K , Kawakami , T and Yodoi , J . 1993 . Redox regulation of a src family protein tyrosine kinase p561ck in T cells . Oncogene , 8 : 3133 – 3139 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakamura , K , Hori , T and Yodoi , J . 1996 . Alternative binding of p561ck and phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase in T cells by sulfhydryl oxidation: implication of aberrant signaling due to oxidative stress in T lymphocytes . Mol Immunol , 33 : 855 – 865 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naruse , K , Sai , X , Yokoyama , N and Sokabe , M . 1998 . Uni‐axial cyclic stretch induces c‐src activation and translocation in human endothelial cells via SA channel activation . FEBS Lett , 441 : 111 – 115 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishida , M , Maruyama , Y , Tanaka , R , Kontani , K , Nagao , T and Kurose , H . 2000 . G alpha(i) and G alpha(o) are target proteins of reactive oxygen species . Nature , 408 : 492 – 495 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishio , M , Oda , A , Koizumi , K , Satoh , I , Sato , Y , Endoh , T , Tsutsumi , A , Fujihara , M , Ikebuchi , K , Ikeda , H , Koike , T and Sawada , KI . 2001 . Stem cell factor prevents Fas‐mediated apoptosis of human erythroid precursor cells with Src‐family kinase dependency . Exp Hematol , 29 : 19 – 29 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishizuka , Y . 1995 . Protein kinase C and lipid signaling for sustained cellular responses . FASEB J , 9 : 484 – 496 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okuda , M , Takahashi , M , Suero , J , Murry , CE , Traub , O , Kawakatsu , H and Berk , BC . 1999 . Shear stress stimulation of p130(cas) tyrosine phosphorylation requires calcium‐dependent c‐Src activation . J Biol Chem , 274 : 26803 – 26809 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oppermann , H , Levinson , AD , Levintow , L , Varmus , HE , Bishop , JM and Kawai , S . 1981 . Two cellular proteins that immuno‐precipitate with the transforming protein of Rous sarcoma virus . Virobgy , 113 : 736 – 751 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pazdrak , K , Olszewska‐Pazdrak , B , Stafford , S , Garofalo , RP and Alam , R . 1998 . Lyn, Jak2, and Raf‐1 kinases are critical for the antiapoptotic effect of interleukin 5, whereas only Raf‐1 kinase is essential for eosinophil activation and degranulation . J Exp Med , 188 : 421 – 429 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearson , G , Robinson , F , Beers Gibson , T , Xu , BE , Karandikar , M , Berman , K and Cobb , MH . 2001 . Mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways: regulation and physiological functions . Endocr Rev , 22 : 153 – 183 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pei , L , Li , Y , Yan , JZ , Zhang , GY , Cui , ZC and Zhu , ZM . 2000 . Changes, and mechanisms of protein‐tyrosine kinase and protein‐tyrosine phosphatase activities after brain ischemia/ reperfusion . Acta Pharmacol Sin , 21 : 715 – 720 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ping , P , Zhang , J , Zheng , YT , Li , RC , Dawn , B , Tang , XL , Takano , H , Balafanova , Z and Bolli , R . 1999 . Demonstration of selective protein kinase C‐dependent activation of Src and Lck tyrosine kinases during ischemic preconditioning in conscious rabbits . Circ Res , 85 : 542 – 550 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pu , M , Akhand , AA , Kato , M , Hamaguchi , M , Koike , T , Iwata , H , Sabe , H , Suzuki , H and Nakashima , I . 1996 . Evidence of a novel redox‐linked activation mechanism for the Src kinase which is independent of tyrosine 527‐mediated regulation . Oncogene , 13 : 2615 – 2622 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qin , S , Inazu , T , Takata , M , Kurosaki , T , Homma , Y and Yamamura , H . 1996 . Cooperation of tyrosine kinases p72syk and p53/56fyn regulates calcium mobilization in chicken B cell oxidant stress signaling . Eur J Biochem , 236 : 443 – 449 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Qin , S , Minami , Y , Kurosaki , T and Yamamura , H . 1997 . Distinctive functions of Syk and Lyn in mediating osmotic stress‐and ultraviolet C irradiation‐induced apoptosis in chicken B cells . J Biol Chem , 272 : 17994 – 17999 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rasmussen , H , Kojima , I , Kojima , K , Zawalich , W and Apfeldorf , W . 1984 . Calcium as intracellular messenger: sensitivity modulation, C‐kinase pathway, and sustained cellular response . Adv Cyclic Nucleotide Protein Phosphorylation Res , 18 : 159 – 193 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ricci , JE , Lang , V , Luciano , F , Belhacene , N , Giordanengo , V , Michel , F , Bismuth , G and Auberger , P . 2001 . An absolute requirement for Fyn in T cell receptor‐induced caspase activation and apoptosis . FASEB J , 15 : 1777 – 1779 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robbins , SM , Quintrell , NA and Bishop , JM . 2000 . Mercuric chloride activates the Src‐family protein tyrosine kinase, Hck in myelomonocytic cells . Eur J Biochem , 267 : 7201 – 7208 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ronen , A and Glickman , BW . 2001 . Human DNA repair genes . Environ Mol Mutagen , 37 : 241 – 283 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosen , K , Coll , ML , Li , A and Filmus , J . 2001 . Transforming growth factor‐alpha prevents detachment‐induced inhibition of c‐Src kinase activity, Bcl‐XL down‐regulation, and apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells . J Biol Chem , 276 : 37273 – 37279 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruest , PJ , Shin , NY , Pole , TR , Zhang , X and Hanks , SK . 2001 . Mechanisms of CAS substrate domain tyrosine phosphorylation by FAK and Src . Mol Cell Biol , 21 : 7641 – 7652 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sai , X , Naruse , K and Sokabe , M . 1999 . Activation of pp60(src) is critical for stretch‐induced orienting response in fibroblasts . J Cell Sci , 112 : 1365 – 1373 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salazar , EP and Rozengurt , E . 2001 . Src family kinases are required for integrin‐mediated but not for G protein‐coupled receptor stimulation of focal adhesion kinase autophos‐phorylation at Tyr‐397 . J Biol Chem , 276 : 17788 – 17795 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sastry , SK and Burridge , K . 2000 . Focal adhesions: a nexus for intracellular signaling and cytoskeletal dynamics . Exp Cell Res , 261 : 25 – 36 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sato , K , Ogawa , K , Tokmakov , AA , Iwasaki , T and Fukami , Y . 2001 . Hydrogen peroxide induces Src family tyrosine kinase‐dependent activation of Xenopus eggs . Dev Growth Differ , 43 : 55 – 72 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaller , MD , Hildebrand , JD , Shannon , JD , Fox , JW , Vines , RR and Parsons , JT . 1994 . Autophosphorylation of the focal adhesion kinase, pp125FAK, directs SH2‐ dependent binding of pp60src . Mol Cell Biol , 14 : 1680 – 1688 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schieke , SM , Briviba , K , Klotz , LO and Sies , H . 1999 . Activation pattern of mitogen‐activated protein kinases elicited by peroxynitrite: attenuation by selenite supplementation . FEBS Lett , 448 : 301 – 303 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlaepfer , DD , Hauck , CR and Sieg , DJ . 1999 . Signaling through focal adhesion kinase . Prog Biophys Mol Biol , 71 : 435 – 478 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlaepfer , DD and Hunter , T . 1997 . Focal adhesion kinase overexpression enhances ras‐dependent integrin signaling to ERK2/mitogen‐activated protein kinase through interactions with and activation of c‐Src . J Biol Chem , 272 : 13189 – 13195 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlaepfer , DD and Hunter , T . 1998 . Integrin signalling and tyrosine phosphorylation: just the FAKs? . Trends Cell Biol , 8 : 151 – 157 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlottmann , KE , Gulbins , E , Lau , SM and Coggeshall , KM . 1996 . Activation of Src‐family tyrosine kinases during Fas‐induced apoptosis . J Leukoc Biol , 60 : 546 – 554 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scholz , GM , Hartson , SD , Cartledge , K , Volk , L , Matts , RL and Dunn , AR . 2001 . The molecular chaperone Hsp90 is required for signal transduction by wild‐type Hck and maintenance of its constitutively active counterpart . Cell Growth Differ , 12 : 409 – 417 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schraven , B and Peter , ME . 1995 . APO‐1(CD95)‐mediated apoptosis in Jurkat cells does not involve src kinases or CD45 . FEBS Lett , 368 : 491 – 494 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seko , Y , Takahashi , N , Tobe , K , Kadowaki , T and Yazaki , Y . 1997 . Hypoxia and hypoxia/reoxygenation activate p65PAK, p38 mitogen‐ activated protein kinase (MAPK), and stress‐activated protein kinase (SAPK) in cultured rat cardiac myocytes . Biochem Biophys Res Commun , 239 : 840 – 844 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Servitja , JM , Masgrau , R , Pardo , R , Sarri , E and Picatoste , F . 2000 . Effects of oxidative stress on phospholipid signaling in rat cultured astrocytes and brain slices . J Neurochem , 75 : 788 – 794 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shan , D , Ledbetter , JA and Press , OW . 2000 . Signaling events involved in anti‐CD20‐induced apoptosis of malignant human B cells . Cancer Immunol Immunother , 48 : 673 – 683 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherman , MY and Goldberg , AL . 2001 . Cellular defenses against unfolded proteins: a cell biologist thinks about neurodegene‐rative diseases . Neuron , 29 : 15 – 32 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimm , DS , Miller , PR , Lin , T , Moulinier , PP and Hill , AB . 1992 . Effects of v‐src oncogene activation on radiation sensitivity in drug‐ sensitive and in mulidrug‐resistant rat fibroblasts . Radiat Res , 129 : 149 – 156 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simon , HU , Yousefi , S , Dibbert , B , Hebestreit , H , Weber , M , Branch , DR , Blaser , K , Levi‐Schaffer , F and Anderson , GP . 1998 . Role for tyrosine phosphorylation and Lyn tyrosine kinase in fas receptor‐mediated apoptosis in eosinophils . Blood , 92 : 547 – 557 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh , RA and Sodhi , A . 1998 . Expression and activation of fyn in macrophages treated in vitro with cisplatin: regulation by kinases, phosphatases and Ca2+/calmodulin . Biochim Biophys Acta , 1405 : 171 – 179 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sokabe , M , Naruse , K , Sai , S , Yamada , T , Kawakami , K , Inoue , M , Murase , K and Miyazu , M . 1997 . Mechanotransduction and intracellular signaling mechanisms of stretch‐ induced remodeling in endothelial cells . Heart Vessels Suppl , : 191 – 193 .
   Google Scholar
• Suzuki , YJ , Forman , HJ and Sevanian , A . 1997 . Oxidants as stimulators of signal transduction . Free Radic Biol Med , 22 : 269 – 285 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takahashi , M and Berk , BC . 1996 . Mitogen‐activated protein kinase (ERK1/2) activation by shear stress and adhesion in Src Protein Tyrosine Kinases in Stress Responses endothelial cells. Essential role for a herbimycin‐ sensitive kinase . J Clin Invest , 98 : 2623 – 2631 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takeishi , Y , Abe , J , Lee , JD , Kawakatsu , H , Walsh , RA and Berk , BC . 1999 . Differential regulation of p90 ribosomal S6 kinase and big mitogen‐ activated protein kinase 1 by ischemia/ reperfusion and oxidative stress in perfused guinea pig hearts . Circ Res , 85 : 1164 – 1172 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takeishi , Y , Huang , Q , Abe , J , Glassman , M , Che , W , Lee , JD , Kawakatsu , H , Lawrence , EG , Hoit , BD , Berk , BC and Walsh , RA . 2001 . Src and multiple MAP kinase activation in cardiac hypertrophy and congestive heart failure under chronic pressure‐overload: comparison with acute mechanical stretch . J Mol Cell Cardiol , 33 : 1637 – 1648 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Traub , O and Berk , BC . 1998 . Laminar shear stress: mechanisms by which endothelial cells transduce an atheroprotective force . Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol , 18 : 677 – 685 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Utting , O , Priatel , JJ , Teh , SJ and Teh , HS . 2001 . p59fyn (Fyn) promotes the survival of anergic CD4‐CD8‐ alpha beta TCR+ cells but negatively regulates their proliferative response to antigen stimulation . J Immunol , 166 : 1540 – 1546 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vogel , C , Boerboom , AM , Baechle , C , El‐Bahay , C , Kahl , R , Degen , GH and Abel , J . 2000 . Regulation of prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthase‐2 induction by dioxin in rat hepatocytes: possible c‐Src‐mediated pathway . Carcinogene‐sis , 21 : 2267 – 2274 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volonte , D , Galbiati , F , Pestell , RG and Lisanti , MP . 2001 . Cellular stress induces the tyrosine phosphorylation of caveolin‐1 (Tyr(14)) via activation of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase and c‐ Src kinase. Evidence for caveolae, the actin cytoskeleton, and focal adhesions as mechanical sensors of osmotic stress . J Biol Chem , 276 : 8094 – 8103 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waldron , RT and Rozengurt , E . 2000 . Oxidative stress induces protein kinase D activation in intact cells. Involvement of Src and dependence on protein kinase C . J Biol Chem , 275 : 17114 – 17121 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , XT , McCullough , KD , Wang , XJ , Carpenter , G and Holbrook , NJ . 2001 . Oxidative stress‐induced phospholipase C‐gamma 1 activation enhances cell survival . J Biol Chem , 276 : 28364 – 28371 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webb , BL , Jimenez , E and Martin , GS . 2000 . v‐Src generates a p53‐independent apoptotic signal . Mol Cell Biol , 20 : 9271 – 9280 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei , S , Liu , JH , Epling‐Burnette , PK , Gamero , AM , Ussery , D , Pearson , EW , Elkabani , ME , Diaz , JI and Djeu , JY . 1996 . Critical role of Lyn kinase in inhibition of neutrophil apoptosis by granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor . J Immunol , 157 : 5155 – 5162 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wennerberg , K , Armulik , A , Sakai , T , Karlsson , M , Fassler , R , Schaefer , EM , Mosher , DF and Johansson , S . 2000 . The cytoplasmic tyrosines of integrin subunit beta1 are involved in focal adhesion kinase activation . Mol Cell Biol , 20 : 5758 – 5765 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wesselman , JP , Dobrian , AD , Schriver , SD and Prewitt , RL . 2001 . Src tyrosine kinases and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 mitogen‐activated protein kinases mediate pressure‐induced c‐fos expression in cannulated rat mesenteric small arteries . Hypertension , 37 : 955 – 960 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whisler , RL , Goyette , MA , Grants , IS and Newhouse , YG . 1995 . Sublethal levels of oxidant stress stimulate multiple serine/ threonine kinases and suppress protein phosphatases in Jurkat T cells . Arch Biochem Biophys , 319 : 23 – 35 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whisler , RL , Newhouse , YG , Beiqing , L , Karanfilov , BK , Goyette , MA and Hackshaw , KV . 1994 . Regulation of protein kinase enzymatic activity in Jurkat T cells during oxidative stress uncoupled from protein tyrosine kinases: role of oxidative changes in protein kinase activation requirements and generation of second messengers . Lymphokine Cytokine Res , 13 : 399 – 410 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Whitesell , L , Mimnaugh , EG , De Costa , B , Myers , CE and Neckers , LM . 1994 . Inhibition of heat shock protein HSP90‐pp60v‐src heteroprotein complex formation by benzoquinone ansamycins: essential role for stress proteins in oncogenic transformation . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , 91 : 8324 – 8328 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wittstein , IS , Qiu , W , Ziegelstein , RC , Hu , Q and Kass , DA . 2000 . Opposite effects of pressurized steady versus pulsatile perfusion on vascular endothelial cell cytosolic pH: role of tyrosine kinase and mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling . Circ Res , 86 : 1230 – 1236 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood , RD , Mitchell , M , Sgouros , J and Lindahl , T . 2001 . Human DNA repair genes . Science , 291 : 1284 – 1289 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao , J , Biaglow , JE , Chae‐Park , HJ , Jin , J , Tuel‐Ahlgren , L , Myers , DE , Burkhardt , AL , Bolen , JB and Uckun , FM . 1996 . Role of hydroxyl radicals in radiation‐induced activation of lyn tyrosine kinase in human B‐cell precursors . Leuk Lymphoma , 22 : 421 – 430 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xing , L , Venegas , AM , Chen , A , Garrett‐Beal , L , Boyce , BF , Varmus , HE and Schwartzberg , PL . 2001 . Genetic evidence for a role for Src family kinases in TNF family receptor signaling and cell survival . Genes Dev , 15 : 241 – 253 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu , W , Doshi , A , Lei , M , Eck , MJ and Harrison , SC . 1999 . Crystal structures of c‐Src reveal features of its autoinhibitory mechanism . Mol Cell , 3 : 629 – 638 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu , Y and Lindquist , S . 1993 . Heat‐shock protein hsp90 governs the activity of pp60v‐src kinase . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , 90 : 7074 – 7078 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xue , LY , He , J and Oleinick , NL . 1997 . Rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of HS 1 in the response of mouse lymphoma L5178Y‐R cells to photodynamic treatment sensitized by the phthalocyanine Pc 4 . Photochem Photobiol , 66 : 105 – 113 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamada , T , Aoyama , Y , Owada , MK , Kawakatsu , H and Kitajima , Y . 2000 . Scraped‐wounding causes activation and association of C‐Src tyrosine kinase with microtubules in cultured keratinocytes . Cell Struct Funct , 25 : 351 – 359 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamazaki , T , Komuro , I and Yazaki , Y . 1998 . Signalling pathways for cardiac hypertrophy . Cell Signal , 10 : 693 – 698 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan , J , Khanna , KK and Lavin , MF . 2000 . Defective radiation signal transduction in ataxia‐telangiectasia cells . Int J Radiat Biol , 76 : 1025 – 1035 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshida , K , Kharbanda , S and Kufe , D . 1999 . Functional interaction between SHPTP1 and the Lyn tyrosine kinase in the apoptotic response to DNA damage . J Biol Chem , 274 : 34663 – 34668 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshida , K , Weichselbaum , R , Kharbanda , S and Kufe , D . 2000 . Role for Lyn tyrosine kinase as a regulator of stress‐activated protein kinase activity in response to DNA damage . Mol Cell Biol , 20 : 5370 – 5380 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yousefi , S , Hoessli , DC , Blaser , K , Mills , GB and Simon , HU . 1996 . Requirement of Lyn and Syk tyrosine kinases for the prevention of apoptosis by cytokines in human eosinophils . J Exp Med , 183 : 1407 – 1414 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan , ZM , Huang , Y , Kraeft , SK , Chen , LB , Kharbanda , S and Kufe , D . 1996 . Interaction of cyclin‐dependent kinase 2 and the Lyn tyrosine kinase in cells treated with 1‐beta‐D‐arabinofuranosylcytosine . Oncogene , 13 : 939 – 946 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan , ZM , Kharbanda , S and Kufe , D . 1995 . 1‐beta‐D‐arabino‐furanosylcytosine activates tyrosine phosphorylation of p34cdc2 and its association with the Src‐like p56/p531yn kinase in human myeloid leukemia cells . Biochemistry , 34 : 4908
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yurchak , LK , Hardwick , JS , Amrein , K , Pierno , K and Sefton , BM . 1996 . Stimulation of phosphorylation of Tyr394 by hydrogen peroxide reactivates biologically inactive, non‐membrane‐bound forms of Lck . J Biol Chem , 271 : 12549 – 12554 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhong , M , Orosz , A and Wu , C . 1998 . Direct sensing of heat and oxidation by Drosophila heat shock transcription factor . Mol Cell , 2 : 101 – 108 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou , BB and Elledge , SJ . 2000 . The DNA damage response: putting checkpoints in perspective . Nature , 408 : 433 – 439 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: 412–692–8008, Fax: 412–692–5723 E‐mail: [email protected]
   Google Scholar